Download or read book Three Essays on Early Childhood Education Policy written by Daphna Bassok and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Child Care Policy written by Sarah Jiyoon Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes three papers that examine the role of child care policy in promoting early childhood education and care and parental labor supply. Paper one investigates the effects of universal pre-kindergarten on center-based early education and care enrollment and child care expenditures by household income with a focus on middle-income children. Paper two considers how the generosity of the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit (CDCTC) benefits is associated with child care utilization and maternal labor supply. Paper three assesses the role of coresident grandparents in parental labor supply during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Download or read book Three Essays on Economics of Early Childhood Education written by Atsuko Muroga and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies also help shed light on gaps in our current knowledge and lay out future research agenda.

Download or read book Three Essays on Special Education Placement in Early Childhood and K 12 Education written by Sarah Marie Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special education law mandates that children with disabilities be offered free appropriate public education. Under federal policy, schools are responsible for identifying children with disabilities that adversely affect their educational performance and providing services to these students to allow them to learn and thrive in school. Each of the following essays examines student placement in special education to describe how placement practices align with the goals of special education. Each uses national data and regression analysis to empirically examine the relationships between observable child characteristics, policy parameters, and special education placement. The second chapter identifies services and settings in early childhood that are associated with special education placement upon entering school. The third chapter examines processes by which children graduate out of receiving special education services. In the fourth chapter, I examine education funding parameters and their association with special education placement rates. These essays highlight the challenges of special education placement decisions

Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Education and Early Childhood written by Francisco Haimovich Paz and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these essays, I study the long-term effects of education policies and birth order on educational and labor market outcomes. In my first chapter I study the long-term effects of one of the first early education programs in the US - the Kindergarten Movement (1890-1910). I collected unique data on the opening of public kindergartens across cities in the US during this period. I then link over 100,000 children living in these cities to subsequent Censuses where their adult outcomes can be observed. I find that kindergarten attendance had large effects on adult outcomes. On average, the affected cohorts had about 0.6 additional years of schooling and six percent more income (as measured by occupational score). These effects were substantially larger for second generation immigrant children. The effects of this early intervention are most likely due to language acquisition and the attainment of various "soft skills" early in childhood. The second chapter was co-authored with Maria Laura Alzua and Leonardo Gasparini, who directed the project. In this chapter, we study the long-term effects of an educational reform in Argentina. In the nineties Argentina implemented a large education reform that mainly implied the extension of compulsory education in two additional years. The timing in the implementation substantially varied across provinces, providing a source of identification of the causal effects of the reform. The estimations from difference-in-difference models suggest that the reform had a positive impact on years of education and the probability of high school graduation. The impact on labor market outcomes was positive for the non-poor youths, but almost null for the poor. In my third chapter I use US historical data to empirically test whether long-term birth order effects differ across the leading and lagging regions of the country in the Pre-War World II period. To do so, I create a large panel dataset by linking more than two million children across the 1920 and the 1940 full census counts, and to the World War II army enlistment records. I then study birth order effects on various long-term outcomes (with emphasis on educational outcomes). I find that in general, birth order effects are positive in the "developing" south--i.e. younger siblings do better than older siblings-- and negative in the relatively modern north, which is consistent with the available evidence from contemporary data for developed and developing countries. I then exploit state level variation to show that birth order effects are positively correlated with the share of rural population, child labor rates and negatively correlated with the level mechanization in agriculture. I also show that, regardless the state of birth, the effects tend to be larger for the poor. Finally, I complement the analysis by looking at birth order effects on earnings and adult height. While I find relatively similar results for earnings, I find no birth order effects on adult height, which suggests that we can rule out improvements in health or nutrition as the potential mechanisms behind the effects on education and labor outcomes.

Download or read book Three Essays on Education Policy written by Kari Dalane and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three essays in my dissertation each address topics in education policy. While they all address substantively different research questions, each provides insight into how schools are organized and run, and how this affects student experiences and outcomes. All three papers address policy-relevant questions in education related to equity. In my first essay, I focus on a recent policy development in the provision of free and reduced-price lunch called Community Eligibility Provision (CEP). CEP allows schools and districts with a certain proportion of students from low-income families to opt to provide free lunch to their entire student bodies. Using student-level administrative data from North Carolina, I find evidence that students with Limited English Proficiency (LEP) have lower levels of suspension and higher math and reading achievement in years they are enrolled in a school participating in CEP.In my second essay, I examine understudied questions in arts education in American public schools. Schools devote substantial time and resources to arts education, but little research examines how arts offerings in schools have changed over time, or which students have access to the arts. Even less credible research examines the question of how arts experiences in schools impact student outcomes. I provide insight into trends in arts education using national datasets (the Schools and Staffing Surve and the National Teacher and Principal Survey) and more detailed administrative data from one state, North Carolina. I then take up the question of how arts impacts student outcomes. The principal threat to any study of arts education is fundamental endogeneity of schools' arts curricula, and students' decisions to enroll in courses that are often elective. I estimate the impact of arts education on outcomes in a student-by-school fixed effects framework, comparing outcomes for students in years they are enrolled in arts courses to outcomes in years they are enrolled in no art courses while attending the same school. I find arts enrollment has positive impacts on attendance.In my third essay, my co-author Dave Marcotte and I examine within school segregation by income in schools in North Carolina. While recent research has examined between school income segregation, within school segregation has received relatively little attention. Since students experience school in classrooms, within school segregation is relevant to understanding how segregation overall impacts students. We generate dissimilarity indexes to measure how economically disadvantaged (ED) students and non-ED students are sorted into classrooms within schools. We then investigate whether a common policy lever, charter schools, impact levels of within school ED segregation. Traditional public school administrators could face heightened pressures to retain students when school choice options become available nearby. These pressures may encourage administrators to ramp up academic tracking or the introduce or expand specialized curricula such as gifted and talented programs. These changes could increase within school segregation. We find some evidence that within school ED segregation increases in grades 3 and 4 in traditional public schools located closest to charter schools, but little evidence of impacts in other grades.

Download or read book Three Essays on Education Law and Policy written by Regina R. Umpstead and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Social Determinants of Child Health and Education in India written by Ankur Sarin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Care and Education of Young Children written by Frances O'Connell Rust and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays by child advocates explores three interconnected facets of the child care and education field: the broad sociocultural contexts influencing the development of young children and their families, the evolution of specific settings or programs where care and education occur, and the emerging consciousness of early childhood educators and care providers toward their responsibility for refinement of practice. Following an introduction (Frances O'Connell Rust and Leslie R. Williams) noting the convergence of what were generally separate fields-care and education-the essays and their authors are: (1) "Welfare Reform: Serving America's Children" (Daniel Patrick Moynihan); (2) "Economic Issues Related to Child Care and Early Childhood Education" (Marian Wright Edelman); (3) "Racism and the Education of Young Children" (James P. Comer); (4) "Early Interventions to Reduce Intergenerational Disadvantage: The New Policy Context" (Lisbeth B. Schorr); (5) "Is the Young Child Egocentric or Sociocentric?" (Patrick C. Lee); "Kindergarten: Current Circumstances Affecting Curriculum" (Doris Pronin Fromberg); (6) "A Comprehensive Model for Integrating Child Care and Early Childhood Education" (Bettye M. Caldwell); (7) "An Early Childhood Center Developmental Model for Public School Settings" (Guy P. Haskins and Samuel J. Alessi, Jr.); (8) "The Consequences of Employer Involvement in Child Care" (Renee Yablans Magid); (9) "Self-Reflection as an Element of Professionalism" (Barbara T. Bowman); (10) "Early Childhood in Public Education: Managing Change in a Change Field" (Frances O'Connell Rust); (11) "The New Advocacy in Early Childhood Education" (Sharon Lynn Kagan); and (12) "New Visions, New Voices: Future Directions in the Care and Education of Young Children" (Leslie R. Williams). (HTH)

Download or read book Three Essays on Education Policies and Child Health written by Lu Yin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In models in which we control for student-level fixed effects, we find strong evidence that with the increase of teacher evaluation standards students tend to have higher BMI and are more likely to be overweight. The third essay examines the impact of State-Sex-Education policies as well as the new Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, the Title V, Section 510 Abstinence Education Program on adolescent risk behaviors. To account for the potential differential impacts of 1996 Title V Section 510 had upon state sex education mandates which will subsequently bias our analysis, we thus employ an Interrupted Time-Series design that first exploits the impact of 1996 reform on state sex education legislatives and identify their effects on adolescent sexual behaviors subsequently. First, we find that neither abstinence-only nor comprehensive sex education decrease the probability of being sexually active or increase the likelihood of performing safe sex. Instead, we find that abstinence-only lower the probability of using condoms and birth control pills relative to not using any birth control method. Second, using the ITS model, we find that the trend in percentage of students who had sex (percentage of students who had sex before 13) decreases by 0.5% in high-implement states relative to low-implement states post 1996 reform.

Download or read book Three Essays on Public Health Programs for Children written by Juyoung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Local and Federal Programs Serving Children with Disabilities written by Cassandra Michele Benson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2017, 6.7 million children received special education services and 1.2 million children received Supplemental Security Income. Despite the reach of these two programs, little research has examined how local, state, and federal policies interact with these two program. This dissertation is comprised of three essays examining local and federal policies affecting children with disabilities. In Chapter 1, I use administrative student level records from the state of North Carolina and regression discontinuity methods, to corroborate earlier research suggesting that the youngest children in the classroom are more likely to receive special education services relative to their older peers. Children born the month before the school cutoff date are 1.75 percentage points (16%) more likely to receive special education in grade 3 relative to their peers born the month after the cutoff date. Importantly, I find that the gap in special education placement does not diminish with school tenure. In grade 12, children born the month before the cutoff date are still 3.84 percentage points (42%) more likely to receive special education services relative to their peers born the month after the cutoff date. Thus, I find evidence of a negative feedback loop in which the youngest children are placed on a lower track at the onset of their schooling, from which they generally do not recover. In Chapter 2, I document a direct pathway from receipt of special education to SSI using a two-sample fuzzy regression discontinuity design. First, using administrative records from North Carolina, I corroborate earlier findings that children born the month before the kindergarten entry eligibility cutoff date are more likely to receive special education services relative to children born the month after the school cutoff date. Next, using National Health Interview Survey respondents linked to Social Security Administration records, I document that the children born just before the cutoff date are 0.78 percentage points (or 30%) more likely to apply for and 0.55 percentage points (or 59%) more likely to receive an award for SSI between the ages of 5 and 12 relative to children born just after the school cutoff date. I find no increase in awards among groups unlikely to be affected by the relationship between school starting age and special education; these include children with physical impairments or those too young for school enrollment. Two-sample fuzzy RD estimates indicate that a 1 percentage point increase in the fraction of children receiving special education services induces a 0.16 percentage point (or 10%) increase in the fraction of children with an SSI award. Back of the envelope calculations suggest that approximately 18% of the growth in the SSI caseload can be attributed to rising rates of special education and spillovers between these two programs. In Chapter 3, I test how exposure to the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) affects the likelihood a child receives SSI payments between the ages of 15 and 18. Exogenous variation in exposure to the EITC is derived from the maximum credit available to the child in his state of residence each year between the ages of 0 and 18. Reduced-form estimates indicated that exposure to an additional $1,000 each year reduces the.

Download or read book Three Essays in Education Policy written by Thomas Edward Davis and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on How Parents and Schools Affect Offspring s Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many ways parents can improve their offspring's outcomes. For example, they can invest in offspring's education or health. They can provide better social connections to obtain job information or personal references. In addition, they can exert political influence to obtain better labor market outcomes for their offspring. Understanding exactly how parents improve their offspring's outcomes is very important for the formation of political perspectives and policy designs. However, it is very difficult to disentangle the factors, as parents of high socioeconomic status do many things to help their children succeed. This dissertation presents three quasi-experimental studies to understand the causal mechanisms of parents' influence on children's outcomes in the context of China and United States. Chapter two examines the implementation of court-ordered racial desegregation of schools and finds that school desegregation increases biracial births. This provides the first evidence of how an education policy that affects racial integration also has demographic implications and an intergenerational impact on social and economic opportunities.

Download or read book Three Essays on Early Childhood Development in Chile written by Alejandra Abufhele Milad and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early childhood development literature has emphasized the role that parental investment and early life conditions play on human capital formation. Still, there is little evidence on the mechanisms driving such dependence. This dissertation examines potential mechanisms explaining the relationship between parental investments, early life conditions and children's outcomes. The first chapter exploits a plausibly exogenous variation on the timing at which a maternity leave extension reform was implemented to estimate the causal effect of additional weeks of maternity leave on breastfeeding duration in Chile. By using data from the Chilean Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood (ELPI), I find that additional weeks of maternity leave increases significantly breastfeeding duration; however, the effects show substantial heterogeneity by socioeconomic status in favor of low-educated mothers, suggesting that the reform has equalizing effects. The second chapter examines how parental investments respond to differences in the initial endowment between siblings within families, and how parental preference tradeoffs vary between families with different maternal education. Using ELPI twins data, I find that preferences are not at the extreme of pure compensatory investments to offset endowment inequalities among siblings nor at the extreme of pure reinforcement favoring the better-endowed child with no concern about inequality, but that parental investment preferences are neutral, so that they do not change the inequality on endowment differentials, a result that is consistent across families with low- and high-educated mothers. The third chapter provides empirical evidence on the effects of birth weight on cognitive and non-cognitive development. Results from singletons births show a positive association. The first-difference models for identical twins, show that birth weight does not have a significant effect on the developmental test scores. However, twins estimates stratified by age of the children show that birth weight effects are positive and significant but only for children between 3 and 7 years old. Overall, I conclude that endowments at birth, parental investments and policy interventions are all key determinants to unravel children's outcomes, and exploring the role that age and socioeconomic heterogeneity play in the production of these outcomes seems to be key for a thorough understanding of early childhood inequalities.

Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.

Download or read book Policification of Early Childhood Education and Care written by Susanne Garvis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume in the Early Childhood Education in the 21st Century: International Teaching, Family and Policy Perspectives miniseries focuses on research highlights and policy aspects of early childhood education and care from 22 different countries around the world. This volume provides a platform for authors to discuss and debate the implications of research findings on current practices that reflect policies of each country. The research presented spans from challenges in teacher training to case studies of family practices around early child development to problematise the key components of teacher education and family practices that impact young children’s education and care. By problematising the key issues, chapter authors discuss the shifting paradigm of early childhood education and the importance of future research in informing these changes. Offering key policy and practice insights across 19 different countries, this book is a must-read for early childhood educators, researchers, early childhood organisations, policy makers and those interested to know more about early childhood within an international perspective.