Download or read book Three Essays on Early Childhood Development in Chile written by Alejandra Abufhele Milad and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early childhood development literature has emphasized the role that parental investment and early life conditions play on human capital formation. Still, there is little evidence on the mechanisms driving such dependence. This dissertation examines potential mechanisms explaining the relationship between parental investments, early life conditions and children's outcomes. The first chapter exploits a plausibly exogenous variation on the timing at which a maternity leave extension reform was implemented to estimate the causal effect of additional weeks of maternity leave on breastfeeding duration in Chile. By using data from the Chilean Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood (ELPI), I find that additional weeks of maternity leave increases significantly breastfeeding duration; however, the effects show substantial heterogeneity by socioeconomic status in favor of low-educated mothers, suggesting that the reform has equalizing effects. The second chapter examines how parental investments respond to differences in the initial endowment between siblings within families, and how parental preference tradeoffs vary between families with different maternal education. Using ELPI twins data, I find that preferences are not at the extreme of pure compensatory investments to offset endowment inequalities among siblings nor at the extreme of pure reinforcement favoring the better-endowed child with no concern about inequality, but that parental investment preferences are neutral, so that they do not change the inequality on endowment differentials, a result that is consistent across families with low- and high-educated mothers. The third chapter provides empirical evidence on the effects of birth weight on cognitive and non-cognitive development. Results from singletons births show a positive association. The first-difference models for identical twins, show that birth weight does not have a significant effect on the developmental test scores. However, twins estimates stratified by age of the children show that birth weight effects are positive and significant but only for children between 3 and 7 years old. Overall, I conclude that endowments at birth, parental investments and policy interventions are all key determinants to unravel children's outcomes, and exploring the role that age and socioeconomic heterogeneity play in the production of these outcomes seems to be key for a thorough understanding of early childhood inequalities.
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by David Russell Hansen and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is composed of three chapters. All three deal with topics in development economics. The first chapter examines the effects on village institutions of introducing formal financial institution options into the village. The second addresses the effects of government policy on educational investment and crime. The third tests the explanatory power of various explanations of the gender gap in math test scores. The first chapter examines the effects of a transition from a ``traditional'' economy based on an uncertain source of income, with risk fully insured away by one's neighbors in a social network through costly network ties, to a ``modern'' economy in which some agents have access to partial insurance at a lower cost. A theoretical model is used to show that village social networks can break down as some members of the village no longer need the insurance the social network provides, producing a reduction in welfare (if the costs of reducing moral hazard are not too high) for at least some individuals and possibly the village as a whole. This loss of welfare can occur even when networks provide other benefits to those belonging to them and is likely to be heterogeneous, depending on the opportunities and networks available to individuals. This paper tests these predictions using Indonesian data to examine the effect of a change in the banking institutions available to a community on the strength of social networks (measured by community participation) and welfare (measured by household expenditure and by child health). The analysis finds that changing financial institution availability in general does not influence community participation or welfare, but that financial institutions that primarily serve certain groups do relatively reduce the welfare of households not in those groups, which is consistent with the hypotheses generated by the model. Crime is an important feature of economic life in many countries, especially in the developing world. Crime distorts many economic decisions because it acts like an unpredictable tax on earnings. In particular, the threat of crime may influence people's willingness to invest in schooling or physical capital. The second chapter explores the questions "What influence do crime rates and levels of investment have on one another?" and "How do government policies affect the relationship between investment and crime?" by creating a simple structural model of crime and educational investment and attempting to fit this model to Mexican data. A method of simulated moments procedure is used to estimate parameters of the model and the estimated parameters are then used to carry out policy simulations. The simulations show that increasing spending on police or increasing the severity of punishment reduces crime but has little effect on educational investment. Increased educational subsidies increase educational investment but reduce crime only slightly. Thus, one type of policy is insufficient to accomplish the goals of both reducing crime and increasing education. The third chapter is joint work with Prashant Bharadwaj, Giacomo De Giorgi, and Christopher Neilson. Boys tend to have better performances than girls in mathematical testing; in particular, there are significantly more boys than girls among high achievers and the score distribution appears to have a longer right tail for boys. We confirm such results on several low- and middle-income countries. In particular we find that the gender gap is already present by age 10 and substantially increases by age 14 and 15. We propose and try to test a series of explanations for such a gap: (i) parental investment, (ii) ability, (iii) school resources, (iv) individual investment and effort (not tested directly), (v) competitive environment, and (vi) cultural norms. We conclude that none of our proposed explanations can account for a substantial portion of the gap.
Download or read book Social Mobility in Developing Countries written by Vegard Iversen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social mobility is the hope of economic development and the mantra of a good society. There are disagreements about what constitutes social mobility, but there is broad agreement that people should have roughly equal chances of success regardless of their economic status at birth. Concerns about rising inequality have engendered a renewed interest in social mobility--especially in the developing world. However, efforts to construct the databases and meet the standards required for conventional analyses of social mobility are at a preliminary stage and need to be complemented by innovative, conceptual, and methodological advances. If forms of mobility have slowed in the West, then we might be entering an age of rigid stratification with defined boundaries between the always-haves and the never-haves-which does not augur well for social stability. Social mobility research is ongoing, with substantive findings in different disciplines--typically with researchers in isolation from each other. A key contribution of this book is the pulling together of the emerging streams of knowledge. Generating policy-relevant knowledge is a principal concern. Three basic questions frame the study of diverse aspects of social mobility in the book. How to assess the extent of social mobility in a given development context when the datasets by conventional measurement techniques are unavailable? How to identify drivers and inhibitors of social mobility in particular developing country contexts? How to acquire the knowledge required to design interventions to raise social mobility, either by increasing upward mobility or by lowering downward mobility?
Download or read book Parental Investments and Children s Human Capital in Low to Middle Income Countries written by Jere R. Behrman and published by Elements in Development Econom. This book was released on 2022-12 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element reviews what we know about parental investments and children's human capital in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs). First, it presents definitions and a simple analytical framework; then discusses determinants of children's human capital in the form of cognitive skills, socioemotional skills and physical and mental health; then reviews estimates of impacts of these forms of human capital; next considers the implications of such estimates for inequality and poverty; and concludes with a summary suggesting some positive impacts of parental investments on children's human capital in LMICs and a discussion of gaps in the literature pertaining to both data and methodology. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Download or read book Intercultural Education in Chile written by Ernesto Treviño and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the status of intercultural education in Chile. It does this through three axes: the first is multidisciplinary, including historical, anthropological, sociological, and pedagogical, to account for varied aspects of the Chilean intercultural education. The second is the consideration of multiple indigenous peoples, analyzing students’ groups or indigenous peoples, such as the Rapa Nui, Aymara, or Mapuche. Finally, the book has a multilevel perspective that recognizes that educational policy involves different actors, from the central government to local communities. The book incorporates study material enriched with the experience and analysis of different perspectives and methodologies of its authors, being useful for understanding intercultural education in the country. It is a versatile resource for understanding this topic, as well as a support for the development of programs and policies. Translation from the Spanish language edition: Educación Intercultural en Chile. Experiencias, pueblos y territorios by Ernesto Treviño, et al., © Ediciones UC 2017. Published by Ediciones UC. All Rights Reserved.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Family Determinants of Early Childhood Well being written by Daniela Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores how different family background variables are related with child development and child well-being. The first chapter documents an association between socioeconomic status of the family and child's cognitive development, this association decreases with the inclusion of mother's cognitive ability and parenting quality, but does not disappear. It also documents that the associations are different for different age groups. The second chapter emphasizes the importance of investments made by parents in children at young ages, specifically on the effect of maternal employment on the children's process of cognitive acquisition. Using instrumental variables to account for the endogeneity of the parental inputs, this chapter documents a negative association between maternal employment and children's cognitive achievement at very early stages of rearing, but at older ages the association is positive. The third chapter examines the role of household structure in terms of number and biological relatedness of the parents, presence of a grandmother, and number of siblings, in the obesity status of children aged 2-7 years old. This study documents that children living with grandmothers are more likely to be obese, whereas children living with older siblings face a lower risk of obesity, even when controlling by a number of socioeconomic, demographic, and maternal health factors.
Download or read book Three Essays on Latin American Development Issues written by Pablo Fajnzylber and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays in Development Economics written by Céline Ferré and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Three Essays on the Role of Financial Markets and Pension Systems in Economic Growth written by Jeannine N. Bailliu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Essay written by Tracy Chevalier and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking new source of international scope defines the essay as nonfictional prose texts of between one and 50 pages in length. The more than 500 entries by 275 contributors include entries on nationalities, various categories of essays such as generic (such as sermons, aphorisms), individual major works, notable writers, and periodicals that created a market for essays, and particularly famous or significant essays. The preface details the historical development of the essay, and the alphabetically arranged entries usually include biographical sketch, nationality, era, selected writings list, additional readings, and anthologies
Download or read book Child Development for Teachers written by Sean MacBlain and published by Learning Matters. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of child development is an essential part of teaching. This new text supports trainee teachers and Newly Qualified Teachers (NQTs) to understand how children develop and how their development impacts on their learning. Importantly, the text is written specifically for teachers and focuses on what they need to know to be effective in the classroom. The text not only supports them to better understand children individually but also supports them to appreciate the needs of all children across the school Each chapter includes: - a focus on a theory of child development to support understanding. - case studies and critical questions to explore the learning and help the reader to develop critical thinking skills. - practical strategies for supporting children in the classroom which focus on how teachers can use an understanding of child development to enhance their practice.
Download or read book The Good University written by Raewyn Connell and published by Zed Books Ltd.. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The higher education industry might seem like it’s booming, with over 200 million students in universities and colleges worldwide and funds flowing in like never before. But the truth is that these institutions have never been unhappier places to work. Corporate-style management, cost-cutting governments, mobilisations by angry students and strikes by a disgruntled workforce have taken their toll — in almost every country around the world. It’s no wonder that there is talk of ‘universities in crisis.’ But what should a ‘good university’ look like? In this inspiring new work, Raewyn Connell asks us to consider just that, challenging us to rethink the fundamentals of what universities do. Drawing on the examples offered by pioneering universities and educational reformers around the world, Connell outlines a practical vision for how our universities can become both more engaging and more productive places, driven by social good rather than profit, helping to build fairer societies.
Download or read book Women s Economic Empowerment written by Kate Grantham and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.
Download or read book The Child in the World The World in the Child written by M. Bloch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors look at universalizing discourses concerning young children across the globe, which purport to describe everyone in a scientific and neutral way, but actually create mechanisms through which children are divided and excluded. The contributors to this book employ post-structuralist, postcolonial, and feminist theoretical frameworks.
