Download or read book Three Essays at the Intersection of Public Finance and Environmental Economics written by Antung Anthony Liu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three essays which explore environmental economics topics using public finance tools. The first and third essays are applied theory papers examining two overlooked factors -- tax evasion and the shadow economy -- which sharply alter the calculus of carbon tax reform. The basic finding is that carbon taxes are much less costly than has previously been found, particularly in developing countries. The second essay is an empirical paper studying how China's tax system has impacted its rollout of sewage treatment plants.

Download or read book Three Essays in Public Finance and Environmental Economics written by Sanghyun Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay studies the Marginal Cost of Funds in the existence of tax evasion. We develop a general equilibrium model of tax evasion, including the expected utility of taxpayers and three different revenue-raising government policies. In this rich model environment, we analytically derive the marginal cost of funds (MCF) for the alternative policy instruments. We consider two main fiscal reforms: the revision in the nonlinear tax scheme and the changes in enforcement mechanism (the audit and penalty rates). First, we derive the MCF for the tax reform and find its key determinants. The derived MCF is greater than the previous ones since it includes a "risk-bearing cost" as well as tax distortion. The reform in enforcement mechanism generates MCFs in different forms. Two more MCFs with respect to audit and penalty rates are presented. Finally, we compare these three different MCFs in numerical example and provide some policy implications. The second essay explores optimal tax structure in the presence of status effect. When the consumption of certain goods affects one's social status, this externality creates two opposite effects in a society. Seeking higher status through "positional goods" gives individuals much incentive to supply labor but still allocates income for less "nonpositional goods" as well. In this case, differential taxes on positional goods work as corrective instruments to internalize the social cost stemming from status seeking. Furthermore, the differential taxes generate revenue that can be used to alleviate preexisting income tax distortion. Thus, the differential taxes on positional goods could give so called "double dividend." I develop a game-theoretic model in which each individual with a different labor productivity unknown to the others engages in a status-seeking game, and the government has a revenue requirement. Then I show that, under a condition in which utility is separable between positional goods and leisure, a revenue-neutral shift in the tax mix away from nonlinear income taxes towards positional-good taxes enhances welfare. Hence, the differential taxes on positional goods are necessary together with the nonlinear income taxes for an optimal tax structure. The third essay explores the impact of increasing capital mobility on regional growth and environment. I develop an endogenous growth model in which each local government competes against the others, to induce imperfectly mobile stock of capital into its region. Then I show that an increase in capital mobility generates "tax importing" due to which each locality experiences a higher growth rate and more degraded environment. That is, the increasing mobility dampens the capital tax and transfers the burden of pollution abatement to the locality. This finding supports the hypothesis of "race to the bottom" in environmental standards. Identifying a reduction in overall welfare of residents, I consider two alternative federal interventions in the model: uniform environmental standard and requirement of lump sum transfer or tax. Both of these federal instruments enhance the residents' welfare.

Download or read book Essays in Public Finance and Environmental Economics written by Radhika Goyal and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on topics concerning public finance, state capacity, and the environment. In the first chapter, we study the role of proximity to administrative power in explaining spatial inequality in access to public goods. Using a natural experiment in India that quadrupled the number of sub-districts (the lowest level of administrative jurisdiction), we explore the impact of redistribution of political power on spatial inequality of public good investment. By analyzing digitized high-resolution data encompassing approximately 10,000 villages spanning over 55 years, we demonstrate that reducing the distance to local government headquarters helps in bridging the gap in the provision of essential public amenities for remote villages, and furthermore, yields evidence of long-term improvements in state capacity. In the second chapter, we focus on turning points in tax collection. Our method detects both sustained accelerations and decelerations of tax collection (relative to GDP) in a global and historical sample of 150 countries since 1965. Turning points are prevalent (238 events in total), persistent for at least 15 years in many cases, and occur more frequently at lower levels of the country's development. We show that changes in the political environment are strong statistical predictors of accelerations, tax reforms, and economic changes less so. Decelerations appear more unpredictable than accelerations. In the third chapter, we study the ecological gains of place-based environmental measures to ramp up conservation efforts. By combining geo-referenced Indian village maps overlaid with digitized protected area maps and a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find that protected areas help improve forest cover. Villages located within protected areas also experienced improved economic activity, attributed in part to the growth of the tourism sector, particularly in wildlife sanctuaries. Moreover, our findings suggest that states which allocate a higher share of expenditure to the forestry sector exhibit stronger forest conservation outcomes.

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics written by Koji Kotani and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Economics written by Matthew E. Kahn and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics and Environmental Human Rights written by Christopher R. Jeffords and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics written by Antonia Isabel Laurie Schwarz and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics written by Fei Yu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents three essays in environmental economics. They address issues of environmental economics from macroeconomic, financial markets and program evaluation perspectives, respectively.

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics written by Jonah Busch and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Environmental Economics and Policy written by Emma Hutchinson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Economics written by Daniyar Zhumadilov and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Economics and Policy written by Huan Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Environmental Economics written by Giulia Felber and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Public Economics and Public Finance written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays in Development and Environmental Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first chapter analyzes whether monetary incentives modify cooperative behavior in activities that have been traditionally uncompensated. In particular, it evaluates whether Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) change cooperation in Mexican common property communities. The analysis explores households' cooperation in forest conservation activities, which for a long time have been done without compensation and are increasingly incentivized under PES. It also explores cooperation in non-forest community activities that remain uncompensated. Findings indicate that cash incentives increase cooperation in activities that are compensated and that the framing of the incentive plays an important role in explaining cooperation in activities that remain uncompensated. Lump-sum transfers without work conditionalities can be more effective than conditional payments to promote cooperation in settings with sanctions for deviant behavior and visible actions. The second chapter simultaneously evaluates the impacts of PES on both avoided deforestation and poverty reduction. For this, it evaluates land cover and wealth impacts of a federal PES program in Mexico. Panel data for program beneficiaries and rejected applicants helps to control for fixed differences and time trends affecting both groups. Findings indicate that the program reduces the expected loss of land cover by 40-51 percent without negatively affecting household wealth. Environmental gains are higher where poverty is low while household gains are higher where deforestation risk is low, illustrating the difficulty of meeting multiple policy goals with one single policy instrument. The third chapter looks at the impacts of increasing female political representation on public policy choices and welfare outcomes. By exploiting the pre-determined position of women in the list of candidates for municipal councilors in Bolivia, together with small margins of difference in the number of votes political parties get, this study uses an innovative regression discontinuity design that is relevant for systems of proportional representation. Findings indicate that women councillors devote more resources to social investments. In particular, they prioritize education, health, and environmental protection giving less attention to infrastructure investments. The impacts of female representation appear only some years after the elections and there is weak evidence on the links between changes in public policy choices and final outcomes.

Download or read book Three Essays in Economics of the Environment written by Subhra Bhattacharjee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Essays on Public Finance and Economics of Education written by Estelle P. Dauchy and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: