Download or read book Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals for Optoelectronic Applications written by David Poussin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Kurt Busch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the contributions in this topically edited book stems from the priority program SPP 1113 "Photonische Kristalle" run by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), resulting in a survey of the current state of photonic crystal research in Germany. The first part of the book describes methods for the theoretical analysis of their optical properties as well as the results. The main part is dedicated to the fabrication, characterization and modeling of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals, while the final section presents a wide spectrum of applications: gas sensors, micro-lasers, and photonic crystal fibers. Illustrated in full color, this book is not only of interest to advanced students and researchers in physics, electrical engineering, and material science, but also to company R&D departments involved in photonic crystal-related technological developments.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Jean-Michel Lourtioz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the theoretical background required for modelling photonic crystals and their optical properties, while presenting the large variety of devices where photonic crystals have found application. As such, it aims at building bridges between optics, electromagnetism and solid state physics. This second edition includes the most recent developments of two-dimensional photonic crystal devices, as well as some of the last results reported on metamaterials.
Download or read book A Three Dimensional Optical Photonic Crystal written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for a photonic crystal to confine optical waves in all three dimensions (3D) has proven to be a formidable task. It evolves from an early theoretical suggestion [1,2], a brief skepticism [3-5] and triumph in developing the mm-wave [6-8] and infrared 3D photonic crystals [9]. Yet, the challenge remains, as the ultimate goal for optoelectronic applications is to realize a 3D crystal at X=1.5 pm communication wavelengths. Operating at visible and near infrared wavelengths, X=1-2 pm, a photonic crystal may enhance the spontaneous emission rate [1, 10] and give rise to a semiconductor lasers with a zero lasing threshold[11, 12]. Another important application is optically switching, routing and interconnecting light [13,14] with an ultrafast transmission speed of terabits per second. A photonic crystal may also serve as a platform for integrating an all-optical circuitry with multiple photonic components, such as waveguides and switches, built on one chip [15]. In this Letter, we report on the successful fabrication of a working 3D crystal operating at optical L The minimum feature size of the 3D structure is 180 nanometers. The 3D crystal is free from defects over the entire 6-inch silicon wafer and has an absolute photonic band gap centered at A.-1.6 pm. Our data provides the first conclusive evidence for the existence of a full 3D photonic band gap in optical A. This development will pave the way to tinier, cheaper, more effective waveguides, optical switches and lasers.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals Theory Applications and Fabrication written by Dennis W Prather and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Only Source You Need for Understanding the Design and Applications of Photonic Crystal-Based Devices This book presents in detail the fundamental theoretical background necessary to understand the unique optical phenomena arising from the crystalline nature of photonic-crystal structures and their application across a range of disciplines. Organized to take readers from basic concepts to more advanced topics, the book covers: Preliminary concepts of electromagnetic waves and periodic media Numerical methods for analyzing photonic-crystal structures Devices and applications based on photonic bandgaps Engineering photonic-crystal dispersion properties Fabrication of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals The authors assume an elementary knowledge of electromagnetism, vector calculus, Fourier analysis, and complex number analysis. Therefore, the book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate students in physics, applied physics, optics, electronics, and chemical and electrical engineering, as well as graduate students and researchers in these fields.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Qihuang Gong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of photonic crystals and, as the title suggests, covers their principles and applications. It is written from a physics point of view with an emphasis on materials science. Equations are well explained and often completely avoided to increase the readability of the book.The book is divided into eight chapters, st
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Alireza Bananej and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a reason of information explosion, electronic communication networks are not sufficient for high bit rate data transmission. This problem has been solved by optical networks which caused the birth of a new area of technology, photonics. In photonic circuits photons play the dominant role and they transfer the optical data. With the growth of the photonics technology, a new area started to grow as photonic crystals which now play an important role in designing and manufacturing compact photonic devices. Photonic crystals are structures with alternative dielectric constant in one, two or three dimensions which are called one, two or three dimensional photonic crystals. By using the properties of photonic band gap, many interesting phenomena such as slow light generation, dispersion engineering in a compact and low size device can be achieved.
Download or read book Three dimensional Photonic Crystal Optoelectronics written by Erik C. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic crystals are a class of synthetic materials which can control the absorption, emission and propagation of light to an unprecedented degree. In order to fully utilize their properties defect must be added to photonic crystals to direct the flow of light, and light emitting structures must be incorporated that have the ability to be electrically pumped. In pursuit of these goals, the coupling of photons into 3D photonic crystals was studied for template-based fabrication methods. A complete lack of coupling was demonstrated for frequencies within and around the photonic band gap due to a surface resonance. The cause of this behavior was studied using experiment and finite-difference time-domain calculations, and a solution developed. The incorporation of defects was studied next and advanced to allow for simultaneous imaging and defect writing using a fluorescent dye and two-photon sensitive photoinitiator. Complete spatial alignment of defects with respect to photonic crystal lattice was achieved using this method. While fabrication techniques such as phase mask lithography may be used to create a large variety of 3D structures, they are typically formed in SU-8 photoresist which cannot survive high temperature processes such as chemical vapor deposition. In order to make these structures accessible for future photonic crystal research a technique was developed to impart thermal stability to polymer templates using ceramic coatings deposited by atomic layer deposition and subsequent high-temperature growth of silicon was performed on the templates. Finally, a method was developed to create 3D photonic crystals from III-V semiconductors using a template based approach and metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The result of this work was the fabrication of 3D photonic crystals from high-quality GaAs and the demonstration of the first electrically driven 3D photonic crystal LED.
Download or read book Photonic Band Gap Materials written by C.M. Soukoulis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic band gap crystals offer unique ways to tailor light and the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In analogy to electrons in a crystal, EM waves propagating in a structure with a periodically-modulated dielectric constant are organized into photonic bands separated by gaps in which propagating states are forbidden. Proposed applications of such photonic band gap crystals, operating at frequencies from microwave to optical, include zero- threshold lasers, low-loss resonators and cavities, and efficient microwave antennas. Spontaneous emission is suppressed for photons in the photonic band gap, offering novel approaches to manipulating the EM field and creating high-efficiency light-emitting structures. Photonic Band Gap Materials identifies three most promising areas of research. The first is materials fabrication, involving the creation of high quality, low loss, periodic dielectric structures. The smallest photonic crystals yet fabricated have been made by machining Si wafers along (110), and some have lattice constants as small as 500 microns. The second area is in applications. Possible applications presented are microwave mirrors, directional antennas, resonators (especially in the 2 GHz region), filters, waveguides, Y splitters, and resonant microcavities. The third area covers fundamentally new physical phenomena in condensed matter physics and quantum optics. An excellent review of recent development, covering theoretical, experimental and applied aspects. Interesting and stimulating reading for active researchers, as well as a useful reference for non-specialists.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century written by C.M. Soukoulis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) Photonic Crystals and Light Localization held at the Creta Maris Hotel in Limin Hersonissou, Crete, June 18-30, 2000. Photonic crystals offer unique ways to tailor light and the propagation of electromagnetic waves (EM). In analogy to electrons in a crystal, EM waves propagating in a structure with a periodically modulated dielectric constant are organized into photonic bands, separated by gaps where propagating states are forbidden. There have been proposals for novel applications ofthese photonic band gap (PBG) crystals, with operating frequencies ranging from microwave to the optical regime, that include zero threshold lasers, low-loss resonators and cavities, and efficient microwave antennas. Spontaneous emission, suppressed for photons in the photonic band gap, offers novel approaches to manipulate the EM field and create high-efficiency light-emitting structures. Innovative ways to manipulate light can have a profound iofluence on science and technology.
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by John D. Joannopoulos and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-30 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since it was first published in 1995, Photonic Crystals has remained the definitive text for both undergraduates and researchers on photonic band-gap materials and their use in controlling the propagation of light. This newly expanded and revised edition covers the latest developments in the field, providing the most up-to-date, concise, and comprehensive book available on these novel materials and their applications. Starting from Maxwell's equations and Fourier analysis, the authors develop the theoretical tools of photonics using principles of linear algebra and symmetry, emphasizing analogies with traditional solid-state physics and quantum theory. They then investigate the unique phenomena that take place within photonic crystals at defect sites and surfaces, from one to three dimensions. This new edition includes entirely new chapters describing important hybrid structures that use band gaps or periodicity only in some directions: periodic waveguides, photonic-crystal slabs, and photonic-crystal fibers. The authors demonstrate how the capabilities of photonic crystals to localize light can be put to work in devices such as filters and splitters. A new appendix provides an overview of computational methods for electromagnetism. Existing chapters have been considerably updated and expanded to include many new three-dimensional photonic crystals, an extensive tutorial on device design using temporal coupled-mode theory, discussions of diffraction and refraction at crystal interfaces, and more. Richly illustrated and accessibly written, Photonic Crystals is an indispensable resource for students and researchers. Extensively revised and expanded Features improved graphics throughout Includes new chapters on photonic-crystal fibers and combined index-and band-gap-guiding Provides an introduction to coupled-mode theory as a powerful tool for device design Covers many new topics, including omnidirectional reflection, anomalous refraction and diffraction, computational photonics, and much more.
Download or read book Three dimensional Photonic Crystals for High Temperature Applications written by Hooi Sing Lee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon Three Dimensional Photonic Crystal and Its Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic crystals are periodically engineered ''materials'' which are the photonic analogues of electronic crystals. Much like electronic crystal, photonic crystal materials can have a variety of crystal symmetries, such as simple-cubic, closed-packed, Wurtzite and diamond-like crystals. These structures were first proposed in late 1980's. However, due mainly to fabrication difficulties, working photonic crystals in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths are only just emerging. In this article, we review the construction of two- and three-dimensional photonic crystals of different symmetries at infrared and optical wavelengths using advanced semiconductor processing. We further demonstrate that this process lends itself to the creation of line defects (linear waveguides) and point defects (micro-cavities), which are the most basic building blocks for optical signal processing, filtering and routing.
Download or read book Fabrication of Two dimensional and Three dimensional Photonic Crystal Devices for Applications in Chip scale Optical Interconnects written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, the realization of chip-scale optical interconnects has been inhibited by the lack of a device technology that can provide optical functionality at a scale commensurate with integrated circuits. To overcome this limitation, I propose the realization of an "optical superhighway" as an alternative interconnect paradigm for next-generation integrated circuits using semiconductor-based photonic-crystal (PhC) devices. PhCs have the potential to be the elementary building blocks of the next generation of opto-electronic devices and integrated circuits. This potential has invigorated global research interest in hybrid optical-electrical interconnects at the chip scale. In this thesis, I will present the development of such Nano-Photonic Crystal (PhC) interconnects using conventional CMOS fabrication technology, thereby enabling photonic functionality on the VLSI scale. Accordingly, I will discuss the fabrication of high fill-factor planar PhC devices on silicon-on-insulator substrates, using both capacitively coupled and inductively coupled plasma etching. Functional, sub-100-nm, high-aspect-ratio PhC devices will be presented, along with the technical challenges encountered in their realization. Also, a robust etch-process toolbox has been developed that, in addition to realizing chip-scale optical interconnects, also paves the way for applications in other technology niches like MEMS, terahertz devices, nanophotonics and microfluidics, to be realized in a single silicon platform, thus enabling systems-on-a-chip. In-plane optical routing in ultra-thin silicon-on-sapphire is also explored as part of this investigation. In addition, I will discuss the development of a sub-surface silicon optical bus (S3B), a buried silicon optical interconnect technology. The approach relies on engineering the dispersion properties of three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals embedded in silicon to control light propagation. In particular, a novel method of fabricating buried 3D photonic-crystal structures using conventional planar silicon micromachining will be presented. This method utilizes a single planar etch mask and time-multiplexed etch process along with sidewall oxidation to create an array of spherical voids with three-dimensional symmetry. Preliminary results will be presented to support the feasibility of realizing chip-scale optical interconnects using the proposed approach. The results of this research will not only help realize a new generation of optical integrated circuits, but also provide a solution to the global interconnect delay anticipated in next-generation of high-end integrated circuits. These PhC devices could very well provide the building blocks for the integrated circuits of the future.
Download or read book Three dimensional Photonic Crystals Via Direct Laser Writing written by Markus Deubel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Steven G. Johnson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic Crystals: The Road from Theory to Practice explores the theoretical road leading to the practical application of photonic band gaps. These new optimal devices are based on symmetry and resonance and the benefits and limitations of hybrid "two dimensional" slab systems in three dimensions. The book also explains that they also signify a return to the ideal of an omnidirectional band gap in a structure inspired by and emulating the simplicity of two dimensions. Finally, the book takes a look at computational methods to solve the mathematical problems that underlie all undertakings in this field. Photonic Crystals: The Road from Theory to Practice should rapidly bring the optical professional and engineer up to speed on this intersection of electromagnetism and solid-state physics. It will also provide an excellent addition to any graduate course in optics.
Download or read book Optoelectronic Circuits Using 2D and 3D Self Collimation Photonic Crystals written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our effort to develop and demonstrate the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of self-collimation photonic crystal devices (SCPhCs) in both 2D and 3D structures, we identified various tasks and goals towards achieving the proposed applications. Two-dimensional self collimation photonic crystal structures will be used for in-plane optical signal distribution and routing while three-dimensional structures will be used for out-plane signal distribution, to provide high-density optically interconnected optoelectronic PhC circuits to distribute the optical signal between various circuits and in different angles. As previously proposed we intend to fabricate 2D structures using Ill-V materials and 3D structures using Silicon, and later use flip-chip bonding to construct our optoelectronic circuit. Hence, In this phase we develop and refine 111-V lithography and etching processes, including ebeam and UV interferometric lithography, ICP etching, and Oxidation followed by HF undercut. We will also develop suitable growth techniques to obtain GaAs/AlGaAs layered structures for suspended PhC Devices.
