Download or read book Three dimensional Micron scale Metal Photonic Crystals Via Multi photon Direct Laser Writing and Electroless Metal Deposition written by Amir Tal and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional (3D) metal photonic crystals (MPCs) can exhibit interesting electromagnetic properties such as ultra-wide photonic or "plasmonic" band gaps, selectively tailored thermal emission, extrinsically modified absorption, and negative refractive index. Yet, optical-wavelength 3D MPCs remain relatively unexplored due to the challenges posed by their fabrication. This work explores the use of multi-photon direct laser writing (DLW) coupled with electroless metallization as a means for preparing MPCs. Multi-photon DLW was used to prepare polymeric photonic crystal (PC) templates having a targeted micron-scale structure and form. MPCs were then created by metallizing the polymeric PCs via wet-chemical electroless deposition. The electromagnetic properties of the polymeric PCs and the metallized structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that metallization transforms the optical properties of the structures from those of conventional 3D dielectric PCs to those consistent with 3D MPCs that exhibit ultra-wide photonic band gaps. These data demonstrate that multi-photon DLW followed by electroless deposition provides a viable and highly flexible route to MPCs, opening a new path to metal photonic materials and devices.

Download or read book Multiphoton Lithography written by Jürgen Stampfl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book on this fascinating, interdisciplinary topic meets the much-felt need for an up-to-date overview of the field. Written with both beginners and professionals in mind, this ready reference begins with an introductory section explaining the basics of the various multi-photon and photochemical processes together with a description of the equipment needed. A team of leading international experts provides the latest research results on such materials as new photoinitiators, hybrid photopolymers, and metallic carbon nanotube composites. They also cover promising applications and prospective trends, including photonic crystals, microfluidic devices, biological scaffolds, metamaterials, waveguides, and functionalized hydrogels. By bringing together the essentials for both industrial and academic researchers, this is an invaluable companion for materials scientists, polymer chemists, surface chemists, surface physicists, biophysicists, and medical scientists working with 3D micro- and nanostructures.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing written by Amit Bandyopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of additive manufacturing has seen explosive growth in recent years due largely in part to renewed interest from the manufacturing sector. Conceptually, additive manufacturing, or industrial 3D printing, is a way to build parts without using any part-specific tooling or dies from the computer-aided design (CAD) file of the part. Today, mo

Download or read book Soft lithographical Fabrication of Three dimensional Photonic Crystals in the Optical Regime written by Jae-Hwang Lee and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes several projects to realize low-cost and high-quality three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication using non-photolithographic techniques for layer-by-layer photonic crystals. Low-cost, efficient 3D microfabrication is a demanding technique not only for 3D photonic crystals but also for all other scientific areas, since it may create new functionalities beyond the limit of planar structures. We have developed an advanced microtransfer molding technique, called two-polymer microtransfer molding (2P-[mu]TM) that shows an extremely high yield in layer-by-layer microfabrication sufficient to produce highly layered microstructures. The use of two different photo-curable prepolymers, a filler and an adhesive, allows for fabrication of layered microstructures without thin films between layers. Second, we also had to develop an alignment technique. We studied the 1st-order diffracted moiré fringes of transparent multilayered structures comprised of irregularly deformed periodic patterns. We demonstrate the alignment method for the case of layer-by-layer microstructures using soft lithography. The alignment method yields high contrast of fringes even when the materials being aligned have very weak contrasts. The imaging method of diffracted moiré fringes is a versatile visual tool for the microfabrication of transparent deformable microstructures in layer-by-layer fashion. Third, we developed several methods to convert a polymer template to dielectric or metallic structures, for instance, metallic infiltration using electrodeposition, metallic coating using sputter deposition, dielectric infiltration using titania nano-slurry, and dielectric coating using atomic layer deposition of Titania. By several different developed techniques, high quality photonic crystals have been successfully fabricated; however, I will focus on a line of techniques to reach metallic photonic crystals in this dissertation since they are completely characterized at this moment. In addition to the attempts for photonic crystal fabrication, our non-photolithographic technique is applied for other photonic applications such as small optical waveguides whose diameter is comparable to the wavelength of guided light. By 2P-[mu]TM, we achieve low cost, high yield, high fidelity, and tailorable fabrication of small waveguides. Embedded semiconductor quantum-dots and grating couplers are used for efficient internal and external light source, respectively.

Download or read book 3D Laser Microfabrication written by Hiroaki Misawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-21 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough introduction to 3D laser microfabrication technology, leading readers from the fundamentals and theory to its various potent applications, such as the generation of tiny objects or three-dimensional structures within the bulk of transparent materials. The book also presents new theoretical material on dielectric breakdown, allowing a better understanding of the differences between optical damage on surfaces and inside the bulk, as well as a look into the future. Chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers will find this a valuable source of interdisciplinary knowledge in the field of laser optics and nanotechnology.

Download or read book Soft Lithographical Fabrication of Three dimensional Photonic Crystals in the Optical Regime written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes several projects to realize low-cost and high-quality three-dimensional (3D) microfabrication using non-photolithographic techniques for layer-by-layer photonic crystals. Low-cost, efficient 3D microfabrication is a demanding technique not only for 3D photonic crystals but also for all other scientific areas, since it may create new functionalities beyond the limit of planar structures. However, a novel 3D microfabrication technique for photonic crystals implies the development of a complete set of sub-techniques for basic layer-by-layer stacking, inter-layer alignment, and material conversion. One of the conventional soft lithographic techniques, called microtransfer molding (?TM), was developed by the Whitesides group in 1996. Although ?TM technique potentially has a number of advantages to overcome the limit of conventional photolithographic techniques in building up 3D microstructures, it has not been studied intensively after its demonstration. This is mainly because of technical challenges in the nature of layer-by-layer fabrication, such as the demand of very high yield in fabrication. After two years of study on conventional ?TM, We have developed an advanced microtransfer molding technique, called two-polymer microtransfer molding (2P-?TM) that shows an extremely high yield in layer-by-layer microfabrication sufficient to produce highly layered microstructures. The use of two different photo-curable prepolymers, a filler and an adhesive, allows for fabrication of layered microstructures without thin films between layers. The capabilities of 2P-?TM are demonstrated by the fabrication of a wide-area 12-layer microstructure with high structural fidelity. Second, we also had to develop an alignment technique. We studied the 1st-order diffracted moire fringes of transparent multilayered structures comprised of irregularly deformed periodic patterns. By a comparison study of the diffracted moire fringe pattern and detailed microscopy of the structure, we show that the diffracted moire fringe can be used as a nondestructive tool to analyze the alignment of multilayered structures. We demonstrate the alignment method for the case of layer-by-layer microstructures using soft lithography. The alignment method yields high contrast of fringes even when the materials being aligned have very weak contrasts. The imaging method of diffracted moire fringes is a versatile visual tool for the microfabrication of transparent deformable microstructures in layer-by-layer fashion. Third, we developed several methods to convert a polymer template to dielectric or metallic structures, for instance, metallic infiltration using electrodeposition, metallic coating using sputter deposition, dielectric infiltration using titania nano-slurry, and dielectric coating using atomic layer deposition of Titania. By several different developed techniques, high quality photonic crystals have been successfully fabricated; however, I will focus on a line of techniques to reach metallic photonic crystals in this dissertation since they are completely characterized at this moment. In addition to the attempts for photonic crystal fabrication, our non-photolithographic technique is applied for other photonic applications such as small optical waveguides whose diameter is comparable to the wavelength of guided light. Although, as guiding medium, polymers have tremendous potential because of their enormous variation in optical, chemical and mechanical properties, their application for optical waveguides is limited in conventional photolithography. By 2P-?TM, we achieve low cost, high yield, high fidelity, and tailorable fabrication of small waveguides. Embedded semiconductor quantum-dots and grating couplers are used for efficient internal and external light source, respectively.

Download or read book Laser Micro Nano Manufacturing and 3D Microprinting written by Anming Hu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in laser techniques for micro-nano-manufacturing and an in-depth analysis of applications, such as 3D printing and nanojoining. Lasers have gained increasing significance as a precise tool for advanced manufacturing. Written by world leading scientists, the first part of the book presents the fundamentals of laser interaction with materials at the micro- and nanoscale, including multiphoton excitation and nonthermal melting, and allows readers to better understand advanced processing. In the second part, the authors focus on various advanced fabrications, such as laser peening, surface nanoengineering, and plasmonic heating. Finally, case studies are devoted to special applications, such as 3D printing, microfluidics devices, energy devices, and plasmonic and photonic waveguides. This book integrates both theoretical and experimental analysis. The combination of tutorial chapters and concentrated case studies will be critically attractive to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineers in the relevant fields. Readers will grasp the full picture of the application of laser for micro-nanomanufacturing and 3D printing.

Download or read book Fabrication of 3 Dimensional Si Si Ti Or Ti Photonic Crystals by the Direct Metallothermic Reduction of Oxide Precursors written by Christopher Purdon and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Photonic crystals are well ordered materials characterised by a regularly modulated refractive index in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions, with a period typically near the length scale of the visible spectrum of light. Periodicity gives rise to photonic band gaps; a narrow range of frequencies for which light wave propagation within the photonic crystal is forbidden. Photonic Band Gap materials offer a multitude of opportunities for the manipulation of light, and hence they are finding increasingly widespread use in optical and optoelectronic devices. Currently there is an enormous interest in the fabrication of 3 dimensional Si photonic crystals. This Project aims to explore the feasibility of direct magnesiothermic reduction of SiO2 colloidal crystals (synthetic opals) as a means to fabricate 3 dimensional Si photonic crystal materials. Initially, batches of monodisperse, sub micron sized silica (SiO2) colloids were prepared by the ammonia catalysed hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) using the well known Stöber method. By varying the reaction temperature (20-65oC) and keeping all other reaction parameters constant ([TEOS] = 0.4M, [NH3] = 0.5M, [H2O] = 10M, solvent ethanol), batches of monodisperse silica colloids with diameters of 120-400 nm were synthesised successfully. The silica colloids readily self-assembled to form 3-dimensional silica colloidal crystals (synthetic opals). Silica colloidal crystal powders were obtained by gravitational sedimentation of silica colloids in ethanol, followed by removal of the ethanol and air drying. Silica colloidal crystal thin films on glass or silicon substrates were obtained immersing the planar substrate vertically in dilute ethanolic dispersions of SiO2 colloids, and allowing the ethanol to slowly evaporate at room temperature. SiO2 colloidal crystals formed at the falling meniscus. The obtained silica colloidal crystals displayed angle dependent structural colour similar to natural opal and were structurally and optically characterised by SEM, TEM, XRD, UV-Vis transmission and UV-Vis reflectance measurements. The optical characteristics of the silica colloidal crystals obeyed a modified Bragg's law expression which takes account of both refraction and diffraction of light in the silica colloidal crystal. Magnesiothermic reduction of SiO2 colloidal crystal powders and thin films (on Si substrate) was investigated over the temperature range 650-800oC and at SiO2: Mg ratios of 1:2-1:2.5. The experiments were carried out in sealed stainless steel Swagelok reactors. In agreement with the thermodynamic predictions Mg reduced SiO2 to Si effectively in this temperature range, yielding MgO as a by-product. After digestion of the MgO in dilute hydrochloric acid, the obtained 3-dimensional Si colloidal crystals were successfully characterised by SEM, TEM, EDAX, XRD, N2 physisorption and XPS. The data confirmed the transformation of dense amorphous SiO2 colloids to porous nanocrystalline Si, whilst preserving the overall structure of the 3-dimensional Si colloidal crystal. The Si solid volume fraction in the obtained product was ~30-35% compared to 74% in the SiO2 colloidal crystal precursors. Attempts to prepare Si colloidal crystals by the calciothermic reduction of SiO2 colloidal crystals at 850oC were ineffective, and yielded CaSiO3 as the main product. Magnesiothermic reduction of TiO2 powders at 675-850oC yielded TiO as the main titanium containing phases. By comparison, calciothermic reduction of TiO2 yielded alpha-Ti as the main phase; furthermore magnesiothermic reduction of SiO2-TiO2 yielded Si-Ti alloy phases. All of which is indicative towards the potential of metallothermic reduction of TiO2 containing phases".

Download or read book Direct Write Assembly of Three Dimensional Photonic Crystals Conversion of Polymer Scaffolds to Silicon Hollow Woodpile Structures written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impressive developments in silicon microfabrication are enabling new applications in photonics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and biotechnology. Yet conventional Si microfabrication techniques require expensive masks and time-consuming procedures, including multiple planarization or bonding steps, to generate three-dimensional (3D) structures. In contrast, direct-write approaches, such as laser scanning and ink deposition, provide rapid, flexible routes for fabricating 3D micro-periodic structures. However, these approaches are currently limited to polymeric structures that lack the high refractive index contrast and mechanical integrity required for many applications. To take full advantage of these rapid, flexible assembly techniques, one must develop a replication (or templating) scheme that enables their structural conversion within the temperature constraints imposed by both the organic and inorganic components of the system. Here, we present a novel route for creating 3D Si hollow-woodpile structures that couples direct-write assembly of concentrated polyelectrolyte inks with a sequential silica/Si chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The optical properties of the 3D microperiodic woodpiles are characterized after each fabrication step. These interconnected, hollow structures may find potential application as photonic materials, low-cost MEMS, microfluidic networks for heat dissipation, and biological devices.

Download or read book Electrochemical Growth of Three dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Metals as Photonic Crystals written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flexible Fabrication of Three dimensional Multi layered Microstructures Using a Scanning Laser System written by Hui Yu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: With the rapid development of microfluidic systems, there is high demand for fabrication methods for the micro-components that can be used to realize complex three-dimensional (3D) geometrics and high integration levels. In this research, we developed a scanning laser system, which allows rapid processing of freeform multi-layered microstructures. More importantly it enables rapid prototyping of three-dimensional microdevices at low cost. The capabilities of three-dimensional manufacturing, inclined patterning, and multi-layered manufacturing have been demonstrated. Specifically, both in-plane and out-of-plane processing is feasible using spot-by-spot controllable laser pulsing. The laser processing perpendicular to the specimen surface is realized by fine-tuning the sample focal level and laser intensity. A variety of 3D microstructures have been created which including: oblique micropillar arrays, micro T-plugs, embedded microchannels, and freestanding microcantilevers with controllable beam thickness. Micro-optical components such as concave and convex microlenses have been manufactured and characterized. Many microfluidic microstructures/microdevices, for example microvalve, electrostatic regulator and microparticle capture chip, have been developed by utilizing the three-dimensional and multi-layered manufacturing capabilities of our direct UV laser writing. Furthermore, we have successfully applied our technology for biomedical instrumentation. For example, the manufacture of hollow metallic microneedle array has been demonstrated and its ability of penetrating into skin has been studied. Our system has also been adapted for scanning measuring the dynamics of single cells. The primary material we used for initial process validation is SU-8. However, the manufacture of a board range of materials such as metals and semiconductors by using the ultrafast scanning laser has also been demonstrated. ompared to the existing manufacturing techniques, our method greatly simplifies fabrication processes, potentially reducing the design-to-fabrication time to a few hours. Furthermore, the process can be set up in a conventional manufacturing environment without the need for clean room facilities. The rapid and low-cost characteristics allow our method to be extremely beneficial during the product development stages. The results presented in this research serve as the first crucial step towards the rapid manufacturing of microdevices with mechanical, optical, and/or biological functionalities.

Download or read book Nanofabrication of Three dimensional Photonic Crystals written by Patty Pei-Ling Chang-Chien and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Printed Batteries written by Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers the first comprehensive account of this interesting and growing research field Printed Batteries: Materials, Technologies and Applications reviews the current state of the art for printed batteries, discussing the different types and materials, and describing the printing techniques. It addresses the main applications that are being developed for printed batteries as well as the major advantages and remaining challenges that exist in this rapidly evolving area of research. It is the first book on printed batteries that seeks to promote a deeper understanding of this increasingly relevant research and application area. It is written in a way so as to interest and motivate readers to tackle the many challenges that lie ahead so that the entire research community can provide the world with a bright, innovative future in the area of printed batteries. Topics covered in Printed Batteries include, Printed Batteries: Definition, Types and Advantages; Printing Techniques for Batteries, Including 3D Printing; Inks Formulation and Properties for Printing Techniques; Rheological Properties for Electrode Slurry; Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Printed Batteries; Printed Battery Design; and Printed Battery Applications. Covers everything readers need to know about the materials and techniques required for printed batteries Informs on the applications for printed batteries and what the benefits are Discusses the challenges that lie ahead as innovators continue with their research Printed Batteries: Materials, Technologies and Applications is a unique and informative book that will appeal to academic researchers, industrial scientists, and engineers working in the areas of sensors, actuators, energy storage, and printed electronics.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing written by Amit Bandyopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of additive manufacturing has seen explosive growth in recent years due largely in part to renewed interest from the manufacturing sector. Conceptually, additive manufacturing, or industrial 3D printing, is a way to build parts without using any part-specific tooling or dies from the computer-aided design (CAD) file of the part. Today, mo

Download or read book Lab on Fiber Technology written by Andrea Cusano and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on a research field that is rapidly emerging as one of the most promising ones for the global optics and photonics community: the “lab-on-fiber” technology. Inspired by the well-established "lab on-a-chip" concept, this new technology essentially envisages novel and highly functionalized devices completely integrated into a single optical fiber for both communication and sensing applications. Based on the R&D experience of some of the world's leading authorities in the fields of optics, photonics, nanotechnology, and material science, this book provides a broad and accurate description of the main developments and achievements in the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap, also highlighting the new perspectives and challenges to be faced. This book is essential for scientists interested in the cutting-edge fiber optic technology, but also for graduate students.

Download or read book Femtosecond Laser Micromachining written by Roberto Osellame and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Femtosecond laser micromachining of transparent material is a powerful and versatile technology. In fact, it can be applied to several materials. It is a maskless technology that allows rapid device prototyping, has intrinsic three-dimensional capabilities and can produce both photonic and microfluidic devices. For these reasons it is ideally suited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities. The book is mainly focused on micromachining of transparent materials which, due to the nonlinear absorption mechanism of ultrashort pulses, allows unique three-dimensional capabilities and can be exploited for the fabrication of complex microsystems with unprecedented functionalities.This book presents an overview of the state of the art of this rapidly emerging topic with contributions from leading experts in the field, ranging from principles of nonlinear material modification to fabrication techniques and applications to photonics and optofluidics.

Download or read book Laser Precision Microfabrication written by Koji Sugioka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miniaturization and high precision are rapidly becoming a requirement for many industrial processes and products. As a result, there is greater interest in the use of laser microfabrication technology to achieve these goals. This book composed of 16 chapters covers all the topics of laser precision processing from fundamental aspects to industrial applications to both inorganic and biological materials. It reviews the sate of the art of research and technological development in the area of laser processing.