Download or read book Third Party Financing of Solar Energy Systems written by Canadian Solar Industries Association and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solar PV Project Financing written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential and commercial end users of electricity who want to generate electricity using on-site solar photovoltaic (PV) systems face challenging initial and O & M costs. The third-party ownership power purchase agreement (PPA) finance model addresses these and other challenges. It allows developers to build and own PV systems on customers' properties and sell power back to customers. However, third-party electricity sales commonly face five regulatory challenges. The first three challenges involve legislative or regulatory definitions of electric utilities, power generation equipment, and providers of electric services. These definitions may compel third-party owners of solar PV systems to comply with regulations that may be cost prohibitive. Third-party owners face an additional challenge if they may not net meter, a practice that provides significant financial incentive to owning solar PV systems. Finally, municipalities and cooperatives worry about the regulatory implications of allowing an entity to sell electricity within their service territories. This paper summarizes these challenges, when they occur, and how they have been addressed in five states. This paper also presents alternative to the third-party ownership PPA finance model, including solar leases, contractual intermediaries, standardized contract language, federal investment tax credits, clean renewable energy bonds, and waived monopoly powers.

Download or read book Solar PV Project Financing written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residential and commercial end users of electricity who want to generate electricity using on-site solar photovoltaic (PV) systems face challenging initial and O & M costs. The third-party ownership power purchase agreement (PPA) finance model addresses these and other challenges. It allows developers to build and own PV systems on customers? properties and sell power back to customers. However, third-party electricity sales commonly face five regulatory challenges. The first three challenges involve legislative or regulatory definitions of electric utilities, power generation equipment, and providers of electric services. These definitions may compel third-party owners of solar PV systems to comply with regulations that may be cost prohibitive. Third-party owners face an additional challenge if they may not net meter, a practice that provides significant financial incentive to owning solar PV systems. Finally, municipalities and cooperatives worry about the regulatory implications of allowing an entity to sell electricity within their service territories. This paper summarizes these challenges, when they occur, and how they have been addressed in five states. This paper also presents alternative to the third-party ownership PPA finance model, including solar leases, contractual intermediaries, standardized contract language, federal investment tax credits, clean renewable energy bonds, and waived monopoly powers.

Download or read book Financing Overhead and Profit written by National Renewable Energy Laboratory and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work quantifying the non-hardware balance-of-system costs—or soft costs—associated with building a residential or commercial photovoltaic (PV) system has left a significant portion unsegmented in an “other soft costs” category. This report attempts to better quantify the “other soft costs” by focusing on the financing, overhead, and profit of residential and commercial PV installations for a specific business model. There are many different business models in the PV marketplace, with varying cost structures; however, a common model was chosen to gain better insight of typical costs within the currently unsegmented “other soft costs” category. This report presents results from a bottom-up data-collection and analysis of the upfront costs associated with developing, constructing, and arranging third-party-financed residential and commercial PV systems. It quantifies the indirect corporate costs required to install distributed PV systems as well as the transactional costs associated with arranging third-party financing. It accompanies the recent National Renewable Energy Laboratory soft cost benchmarking report (Friedman et al. 2013), which quantifies all the non-hardware balance-of-system costs associated with building a residential or commercial PV system. We conducted in-depth interviews with members of financing departments at large PV installation companies on the subjects of third-party financing and overhead costs, and we collected data from industry participants' corporate public filings. From these inputs we designed and built a model intended to capture all direct and indirect costs of residential and commercial installations, using a specific business structure in which there is a power purchase agreement/lease customer; engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) installer; developer; and tax-equity provider under a sale-leaseback transaction. This benchmark characterizes one of many possible business models—one in which the market participants are not vertically integrated but are separate entities. For this corporate structure, adding all costs and margins together, a residential PV system would have had, in 2012, a total price of $4.52/W, and a commercial system would have a price of $3.66/W. Third-party-ownership-related costs add $0.78/W to a residential portfolio and $0.67/W to a commercial portfolio. However, this ignores three of the main benefits of third- party financing arrangements. First, third-party financiers offer additional services not included in the upfront cost of direct ownership. Second, while third-party financing costs may increase upfront costs, they may effectively lower the levelized cost of energy. Third, third-party businesses have gained significant market share in the United States, driving a considerable amount of PV demand. Without this volume of third-party customers, businesses are significantly less likely to operate efficiently, which would cause overhead costs to increase.

Download or read book Investment in Renewable Energy written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Financing Overhead and Profit written by David Harp and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work quantifying the non-hardware balance-of-system costs -- or soft costs -- associated with building a residential or commercial photovoltaic (PV) system has left a significant portion unsegmented in an 'other soft costs' category. This report attempts to better quantify the 'other soft costs' by focusing on the financing, overhead, and profit of residential and commercial PV installations for a specific business model. This report presents results from a bottom-up data-collection and analysis of the upfront costs associated with developing, constructing, and arranging third-party-financed residential and commercial PV systems. It quantifies the indirect corporate costs required to install distributed PV systems as well as the transactional costs associated with arranging third-party financing.

Download or read book Implementation of Solar Thermal Technology written by Ronal W. Larson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementation of Solar Thermal Technology describes the successes and failures of the commercialization efforts of the U.S. solar thermal energy program, from the oil embargo of 1973 through the demise of the program in the early Reagan administration and its afterlife since then. The emphasis throughout is on lessons learned from the solar experience, with an eye toward applications to other projects as well as toward possible renewal of efforts at commercialization. Part I discusses the history of government involvement in solar development and the parallel development of the market for solar products. Part II looks at the histories of specific commercialization programs for five areas (active heating and cooling, passive technologies, passive commercial building activities, industrial process heat, and high-temperature technologies). Parts III-VIII focus in turn on demonstration and construction projects, quality assurance, information dissemination programs, efforts to transfer technology to industry, incentive programs (tax credits, financing, and grants), and organizational support. Solar Heat Technologies: Fundamentals and Applications, Volume 10

Download or read book The Business Energy Investment Credit for Solar and Wind Energy written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Financing Overhead and Profit written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work quantifying the non-hardware balance-of-system costs -- or soft costs -- associated with building a residential or commercial photovoltaic (PV) system has left a significant portion unsegmented in an 'other soft costs' category. This report attempts to better quantify the 'other soft costs' by focusing on the financing, overhead, and profit of residential and commercial PV installations for a specific business model. This report presents results from a bottom-up data-collection and analysis of the upfront costs associated with developing, constructing, and arranging third-party-financed residential and commercial PV systems. It quantifies the indirect corporate costs required to install distributed PV systems as well as the transactional costs associated with arranging third-party financing.

Download or read book A Guide to Third party Financing for the Solar Industry in Arizona written by Jerry Yudelson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Third party Financing for the Solar Industry written by Uday V. Watwe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Guide to Third party Financing for the Solar Industry written by Jerry Yudelson and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Financing Options for Energy Efficiency in Multifamily Housing written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Financing Solar PV at Government Sites with PPAs and Public Debt Brochure written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, state and local governmental agencies have employed one of two models to deploy solar photovoltaic (PV) projects: (1) self-ownership (financed through a variety of means) or (2) third-party ownership through a power purchase agreement (PPA). Morris County, New Jersey, administrators recently pioneered a way to combine many of the benefits of self-ownership and third-party PPAsthrough a bond-PPA hybrid, frequently referred to as the Morris Model. At the request of the Department of Energy's Solar Market Transformation group, NREL examined the hybrid model. This fact sheet describes how the hybrid model works, assesses the model's relative advantages and challenges as compared to self-ownership and the third-party PPA model, provides a quick guide to projectimplementation, and assesses the replicability of the model in other jurisdictions across the United States.

Download or read book The Role of Business Incentives in the Development of Renewable Energy Technologies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation of Privately Financed Renewable Energy Projects for Army Installations written by Henry M. Healey and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an investigation to determine the feasibility of using private or third party financing to implement renewable energy systems at Army installations. Many renewable energy technologies were investigated, the present cost of energy from commercially available technologies was determined, and potential barriers to the use of third party financing for renewable energy projects were determined. Two large-scale renewable energy technologies were identified that are likely to be attractive to private investors under third party financing arrangements because of their technical and economic success; concentrating photovoltaic systems and solar thermal electric systems. It is recommended that action be taken to implement these technologies on Army installations. Other technologies such as geothermal, ocean thermal energy conversion and tidal or wave energy conversion may be competitive with the cost of energy at selected installations. Existing energy costs and the cost of energy from renewable systems should be compared. The results of this study indicate that while there are no real (legislative) barriers to impede implementation of energy projects using third party financing, there are perceived barriers that hamper the implementation of such projects. These impediments can be eliminated by providing an education program and incentive.

Download or read book Energy Project Financing written by Albert Thumann and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical application reference provides a resource for those seeking to utilize the innovative methods now available to finance energy projects. The full scope of current project financing practices are fully examined and assessed, including coverage of energy service performance contracting, rate of return analysis, measurement and verification of energy savings, and more. Readers will receive the facts they need to assess a project's payback in advance, anticipate and avoid potential risks and/or hidden costs, and assure that your energy project is an overall economic success. Other topics covered include financing international projects and ESCO’s (Energy Service Company’s) financing.