Download or read book Thiol based redox homeostasis and signalling written by Francisco J. Cejudo and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-09-24 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to the situation in heterotrophic organisms, plant genomes code for a significantly larger number of oxidoreductases such as thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutaredoxins (GRXs). These proteins provide a biochemical mechanism that allows the rapid and reversible activation or deactivation of protein functions in response to changing environmental conditions, as oxidative conditions caused by excessive photosynthesis. Indeed, owing to the fact that cysteines are sensitive to oxidation, TRXs and GRXs play an essential role in controlling the redox state of protein thiol groups. These redox-dependent post-translational modifications have proven to be critical for many cellular functions constituting regulatory, signalling or protective mechanisms. The articles contained in this Research Topic provide timely overviews and new insights into thiol-dependent redox regulation mechanisms with a focus on TRX- and GRX-based reduction systems in plants. The different contexts discussed take into account physiological, developmental and environmental conditions.
Download or read book Redox Chemistry and Biology of Thiols written by Beatriz Alvarez and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-05-25 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redox Chemistry and Biology of Thiols offers an applied, comprehensive overview of redox chemistry and biology of thiol-dependent processes. Running from basic biology and chemistry of redox phenomena to research methods and highlighting recently identified roles of thiols across cellular and bodily systems, this book draws upon a range of disciplines to illuminate new research directions, new applications of thiol studies, and clinical translation. Sections cover thiol oxidizing species, thiol reactivity and modifications, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, glutathione, peroxidases, thiol repair enzymes, thiol oxidative signaling, disulfide bond formation, thiol-based redox biosensors, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, thiols in chloroplasts, blood thiols, sugar and polyamine thiols in pathogenic organisms, redox medicine (therapeutic applications of thiols and drug development), as well as methods and bioinformatics tools. Runs from basic thiol biology and chemistry to applications and clinical translation Provides methods and protocols that will power new research across biomedicine, cell biology, plant biology, drug development, and protein folding and modulation Includes chapter contributions from international leaders in the field
Download or read book Redox Homeostasis in Plants written by Sanjib Kumar Panda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the latest research results on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, particularly in many abiotic stresses, and their regulation. Redox homeostasis refers to maintaining a balance of oxidised and reduced state of biomolecules in a biological system for all-round sustenance. In a living system, redox reactions contribute to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act as signalling molecules for developmental as well as stress-response processes in plants. It is presumed that, being sessile and an aerobe requiring oxygen for mitochondrial energy production, as well as producing oxygen during photosynthesis, the redox homeostasis process is more complex and regulated in plants than in animals. Any imbalance in the homeostasis is mainly compensated for by the production of various ROS molecules, which, though they can cause severe oxidative damage in excess, can also ideally act as signalling molecules.
Download or read book Thiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-22 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thiol Redox Transitions in Cell Signaling, Part A, along with its companion (volume 475), presents methods and protocols dealing with thiol oxidation-reduction reactions and their implications as they relate to cell signaling. This first installment of Cadenas and Packer's two-volume treatment specifically deals with glutathionylation and dethiolation, and peroxide removal by peroxiredoxins/thioredoxins and glutathione peroxidases. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for 40 years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Over 450 volumes have been published to date, and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Along with companion volume, provides a full overview of techniques necessary to the study of thiol redox in relation to cell signaling Gathers tried and tested techniques from global labs, offering both new and tried-and-true methods Relevant background and reference information given for procedures can be used as a guide to developing protocols in a number of disciplines
Download or read book Peroxiredoxin Systems written by Leopold Flohé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-04 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a broad survey on the peroxiredoxins. It involves almost all groups that contributed significant insights into the emerging field. Coverage discusses the diverse biological roles of the new protein family in the context of other antioxidant systems like those based on heme or selenium catalysis. In addition, the book highlights related future perspectives.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress written by Helmut Sies and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative Stress: Eustress and Distress presents current knowledge on oxidative stress within the framework of redox biology and translational medicine. It describes eustress and distress in molecular terms and with novel imaging and chemogenetic approaches in four sections: A conceptual framework for studying oxidative stress. Processes and oxidative stress responses. Signaling in major enzyme systems (oxidative eustress), and damaging modification of biomolecules (oxidative distress). The exposome addresses lifelong exposure and impact on health, nutrient sensing, exercise and environmental pollution. Health and disease processes, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, developmental and psychological disorders, hepatic encephalopathy, skeletal muscle disorders, pulmonary disease, gut disease, organ fibrosis, and cancer. Oxidative Stress: Eustress and Distress is an informative resource useful for active researchers and students in biochemistry, molecular biology, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutical science, nutrition, exercise physiology, analytical chemistry, cell biology, pharmacology, clinical medicine, and environmental science. Characterizes oxidative stress within the framework of redox biology, redox signaling, and medicine. Empowers researchers and students to quantify specific reactants noninvasively, identify redox biomarkers, and advance translational studies. Features contributions from international leaders in oxidative stress and redox biology research.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation written by Ursula Jakob and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.
Download or read book Thiol Metabolism and Redox Regulation of Cellular Functions written by Alfonso Pompella and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains contributions by some of the leading scientists in the field of thiol oxidation/reduction (redox) biochemistry. It is focused on the biological/pathophysiological implications of newly-discovered functions of cellular thiols, such as glutathione in the first place.
Download or read book The Changing Faces of Glutathione a Cellular Protagonist written by Alfonso Pompella and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glutathione (GSH) has been described for a long time just as a defensive reagent against the action of toxic xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens), both directly and as a cofactor for GSH transferases. As a prototype antioxidant, it has been involved in cell protection from the noxious effect of excess oxidant stress, both directly and as a cofactor of glutathione peroxidases. In addition, it has long been known that GSH is capable of forming disulfide bonds with cysteine residues of proteins, and the relevance of this mechanism ("S-glutathionylation") in regulation of protein function has been well documented in a number of research fields. Rather paradoxically, it has also been highlighted that GSH—and notably its catabolites, as originated by metabolism by gamma-glutamyltransferase—can promote oxidative processes, by participating in metal ion-mediated reactions eventually leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Also, a fundamental role of GSH has been recognized in the storage and transport of nitric oxide (NO), in the form of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The significance of GSH as a major factor in regulation of cell life, proliferation, and death, can be regarded as the integrated result of all these roles, as well as of more which are emerging in diverse fields of biology and pathophysiology. Against this background, modulation of GSH levels and GSH-related enzyme activities represents a fertile field for experimental pharmacology in numerous and diverse perspectives of animal, plant and microbiologic research. This research topic includes 14 articles, i.e. 4 Opinion Articles, 6 Reviews, and 4 Original Research Articles. The contributions by several distinguished research groups, each from his own standpoint of competence and expertise, provide a comprehensive and updated view over the diverse roles, the changing faces of GSH and GSH-related enzymes in cell’s health, disease and death.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins in Signaling Pathways written by Alexzander A. A. Asea and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume offers an insightful overview of contemporary research on signaling pathways. These signaling processes are the comprehensive mechanisms by which all cellular organisms communicate internally and externally with their microenvironment. The volume is focused on heat shock proteins (HSP), which are uniquely involved in a number of critical signaling pathways. Errors in signaling pathways and in the processing of cellular information are known to be responsible for the majority of diseases including cancer, inflammatory and neurological disorders. The knowledge gained from better understanding these mechanisms can help in elucidating disease processes and will assist in development and design of novel targeted treatment therapies to combat human diseases and disorders. Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities, academic medical hospitals, biotechnology and pharmaceutical laboratories around the world have contributed chapters that review present research activity and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for graduate students. medical students, basic science researchers and postdoctoral scholars in the fields of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research, Human Physiology, Biotechnology, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical Scientists and Researchers involved in Drug Discovery.
Download or read book Redox Proteomics written by Isabella Dalle-Donne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-11 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methodology and applications of redox proteomics The relatively new and rapidly changing field of redox proteomics has the potential to revolutionize how we diagnose disease, assess risks, determine prognoses, and target therapeutic strategies for people with inflammatory and aging-associated diseases. This collection brings together, in one comprehensive volume, a broad array of information and insights into normal and altered physiology, molecular mechanisms of disease states, and new applications of the rapidly evolving techniques of proteomics. Written by some of the finest investigators in this area, Redox Proteomics: From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases examines the key topics of redox proteomics and redox control of cellular function, including: * The role of oxidized proteins in various disorders * Pioneering studies on the development of redox proteomics * Analytical methodologies for identification and structural characterization of proteins affected by oxidative/nitrosative modifications * The response and regulation of protein oxidation in different cell types * The pathological implications of protein oxidation for conditions, including asthma, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, and Alzheimer's disease Distinguished by its in-depth discussions, balanced methodological approach, and emphasis on medical applications and diagnosis development, Redox Proteomics is a rich resource for all professionals with an interest in proteomics, cellular physiology and its alterations in disease states, and related fields.
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Redox Signalling in Parkinson s Disease written by Rodrigo Franco and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. In order to find neuroprotective strategies, a clear understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic death of cells that progresses the disease is needed. Oxidative stress can be defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the ability to detoxify them and their intermediates or by-products. Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA has been detected in autopsies from individuals with Parkinson’s Disease and so links can be made between oxidative stress and Parkinson’s Disease pathogenesis. This book provides a thorough review of the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and redox signalling mediate Parkinson’s Disease. Opening chapters bring readers up to speed on basic knowledge regarding oxidative stress and redox signalling, Parkinson’s Disease, and neurodegeneration before the latest advances in this field are explored in detail. Topics covered in the following chapters include the role of mitochondria, dopamine metabolism, metal homeostasis, inflammation, DNA-damage and thiol-signalling. The role of genetics and gene-environment interactions are also explored before final chapters discuss the identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression and the future of redox/antioxidant based therapeutics. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book will be a valuable source of information for postgraduate students and academics, clinicians, toxicologists and risk assessment groups. Importantly, it presents the current research that might later lead to redox or antioxidant – based therapeutics for Parkinson’s disease.
Download or read book Cellular Implications Of Redox Signaling written by Avihai Danon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-07-30 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redox regulation, like phosphorylation, is a covalent regulatory system that controls many of the normal cellular functions of all living cells and organisms. In addition, it controls how cells respond to stress involving oxidants and free radicals, which underlie many degenerative diseases. This area is undergoing a transition from general knowledge to specific description of the components and mechanisms involved.This invaluable book provides a timely basic description of a field whose relevance to cell biology and degenerative diseases is of the utmost importance. It describes the state of the art, lays the foundations for understanding the reactions involved, and presents the prospects for future developments. It can serve as a basic text for any undergraduate or graduate course that deals with redox regulation, oxidative stress and free radicals under normal and pathological conditions in bacterial, plant and animal cells.
Download or read book Innovative Medicine written by Kazuwa Nakao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.
Download or read book Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems written by Jean-Pierre Jacquot and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-05-10 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue features recent data concerning thioredoxins and glutaredoxins from various biological systems, including bacteria, mammals, and plants. Four of the sixteen articles are review papers that deal with the regulation of development of the effect of hydrogen peroxide and the interactions between oxidants and reductants, the description of methionine sulfoxide reductases, detoxification enzymes that require thioredoxin or glutaredoxin, and the response of plants to cold stress, respectively. This is followed by eleven research articles that focus on a reductant of thioredoxin in bacteria, a thioredoxin reductase, and a variety of plant and bacterial thioredoxins, including the m, f, o, and h isoforms and their targets. Various parameters are studied, including genetic, structural, and physiological properties of these systems. The redox regulation of monodehydroascorbate reductase, aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase could have very important consequences in plant metabolism. Also, the properties of the mitochondrial o-type thioredoxins and their unexpected capacity to bind iron–sulfur center (ISC) structures open new developments concerning the redox mitochondrial function and possibly ISC assembly in mitochondria. The final paper discusses interesting biotechnological applications of thioredoxin for breadmaking.
Download or read book Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems written by Arne Holmgren and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1986 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cardioprotective Mechanisms Targeting Thiol Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics written by Rick Alleman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States, totaled mostly by deaths associated with myocardial infarction and fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The inability to predict the occurrence of these pathologies due to their sudden and transient etiologies has hindered successful translation of therapies to the clinic. Given the multi-billion-dollar economic burden that cardiovascular disease exerts, it would be beneficial to further our knowledge on ways to better treat acute coronary syndromes. The goal of this work is to determine how mitochondria impact cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to identify potential mechanisms to therapeutically target. The studies within were conducted on treadmill-trained male rats, ex vivo heart preparations, isolated/cell cultures, and isolated mitochondria. Herein demonstrates a strong link between susceptibility to I/R injury and cardioprotection through the manipulation of mitochondrial thiol status. Hearts from exercised rats were better protected from ischemic insults, and this coincided with preserved thiol redox homeostasis and greater stability in mitochondrial bioenergetics. The maintenance of mitochondria thiol was demonstrated through preservation of glutathione, which is a key redox control point in cardiac bioenergetics. When the thiol pool becomes more oxidized following oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and collapsed bioenergetics increase susceptibility to I/R injury. Glutathione reductase helps maintain cell redox homeostasis by maintaining glutathione in a reduced form, where it can be utilized in ROS scavenging and redox signaling. In cell models of hypoxia/reoxygenation, targeting glutathione reductase expression influences the cells sensitivity to mitochondrial dysfunction. Several hallmark features of the cardioprotective phenotype include reductions in myocardial infarction, resistance to arrhythmic stimuli, lower ROS accumulation, and preserved mitochondrial function. Taken together, data from the studies suggest that targeting mitochondrial function during I/R, and more specifically, targeting mitochondrial thiol homeostasis, may have beneficial affects on treating coronary heart disease symptoms.
