Download or read book Thin Film Microcrystalline Silicon Layers and Solar Cells written by Corinne Droz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thin Film Microcrystalline Silicon Layers and Solar Cells Microstructure and Electrical Performances written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (mc?Si:H), as grown by the Very High Frequency Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (VHF PE-CVD) technique, has now been successfully introduced as active layer in complete mc?Si:H solar cells of p?i?n and n?i?p structure. A fundamental question yet to be answered regards the link between the material microstructure, on one hand, and the transport properties of the intrinsic photogenerator layers as well as solar cell electrical performances, on the other hand. This thesis attempts to clarify this link. mc?Si:H is a complex material that exhibits a wide range of microstructures, depending both on the deposition conditions and on the substrate material. At present, best conversion efficiencies are achieved for mc?Si:H solar cells deposited near the transition between mc?Si:H and a?Si:H (hydrogenated amorphous silicon). The microstructure of mc?Si:H varies while growth of the film proceeds: a fully amorphous incubation layer is frequently observed as the initial grown region. Thereafter, the microcrystalline phase itself follows, consisting of pencil-like conglomerates (of roughly half a micrometer diameter) made of nanocrystals with a diameter of a few tens of nanometres. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique used here for monitoring the crystallinity of mc?Si:H layers and complete solar cells. By applying 514 nm and 633 nm laser excitation light on both top- and bottom-sides of the samples (single layers or complete solar cells), one obtains bifacial depth-dependent Raman spectra that reveal inhomogeneities in thickness, as observed also on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs. A Raman crystallinity factor (fc) indicative of the crystalline volume fraction (i.e. crystallinity) is obtained from each Raman spectrum by evaluating the respective scattered intensities assigned to the amorphous and crystalline phases. In order to determine the actual crystalline volume fraction, the value of the R.

Download or read book Growth Microstructure and Electrical Performances of Thin Film Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this thesis work is to improve the understanding of the growth of microcrystalline silicon solar cells and the relationships between their microstructure and their electrical performances. For that purpose, the work was divided into three different parts: - microstructure and growth of the microcrystalline layer and devices - growth simulations - electronic quality of the intrinsic layer (i-layer) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) Microstructure of æc-Si:H The microstructure was first fully characterized by TEM. The main questions were how the microstructure of the intrinsic layer (i-layer) is influenced by the deposition parameters and the nature of the substrate. It was shown that the substrate surface chemistry has a strong influence on the nucleation, whereas the surface roughness plays a minor role. The silane concentration (SC), one of the main deposition parameters, has a strong effect on the nucleation and crystallinity of the whole intrinsic layer. Growth simulations An innovative model for simulating the growth of microcrystalline and amorphous silicon was developed in order to understand in a better way the formation of the microstructure. It is based on two simple selection rules and three intuitive simulation parameters (i.e. critical size of nuclei, number of crystallographic orientations and desorption probability). This model is able to reproduce the main characteristics of the growth dynamics and microstructure of microcrystalline silicon: conical shape of the grains, thickness transition from amorphous to crystalline material, amorphous to crystalline transition with respect to deposition parameter (SC) and surface roughness evolution with respect to layer thickness. This simple model gives the keys to understanding the growth dynamics and microstructure of microcrystalline silicon layers. Electronic quality of i-layer and Voc The electronic quality of the i-layer was evaluated by the optical absorption of the defects of the i-layer as mea.

Download or read book Growth Microstructure and Electrical Performances of Thin Film Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Julien Bailat and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solar Energy written by Christoph Richter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gathering some 30 entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, this book presents fundamental principles and technologies for sustainably harnessing solar energy. Covers photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar radiation and more.

Download or read book Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Arvind Victor Shah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, startin

Download or read book Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Modeling Materials and Device Technology written by Ruud E.I. Schropp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-18 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous silicon solar cell technology has evolved considerably since the first amorphous silicon solar cells were made at RCA Laboratories in 1974. Scien tists working in a number of laboratories worldwide have developed improved alloys based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. Other scientists have developed new methods for growing these thin films while yet others have developed new photovoltaic (PV) device structures with im proved conversion efficiencies. In the last two years, several companies have constructed multi-megawatt manufacturing plants that can produce large-area, multijunction amorphous silicon PV modules. A growing number of people be lieve that thin-film photovoltaics will be integrated into buildings on a large scale in the next few decades and will be able to make a major contribution to the world's energy needs. In this book, Ruud E. I. Schropp and Miro Zeman provide an authoritative overview of the current status of thin film solar cells based on amorphous and microcrystalline silicon. They review the significant developments that have occurred during the evolution of the technology and also discuss the most im portant recent innovations in the deposition of the materials, the understanding of the physics, and the fabrication and modeling of the devices.

Download or read book Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Applied in Very Thin Tandem Solar Cells written by Sandra Schicho and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2011 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of “conventional” solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the ‘hero’ of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.

Download or read book Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.

Download or read book Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Roberto Murri and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells explains concepts related to technologies for silicon (Si) based photovoltaic applications. Topics in this book focus on ‘new concept’ solar cells. These kinds of cells can make photovoltaic power production an economically viable option in comparison to the bulk crystalline semiconductor technology industry. A transition from bulk crystalline Si solar cells toward thin-film technologies reduces usage of active material and introduces new concepts based on nanotechnologies. Despite its importance, the scientific development and understanding of new solar cells is not very advanced, and educational resources for specialized engineers and scientists are required. This textbook presents the fundamental scientific aspects of Si thin films growth technology, together with a clear understanding of the properties of the material and how this is employed in new generation photovoltaic solar cells. The textbook is a valuable resource for graduate students working on their theses, young researchers and all people approaching problems and fundamental aspects of advanced photovoltaic conversion.

Download or read book High rate growth of hydrogenated amorphous and microcrystalline silicon for thin film silicon solar cells using dynamic very high frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition written by Thomas Zimmermann and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microstructure of Amorphous silicon based Solar Cell Materials by Small angle X ray Scattering Annual Technical Report April 6 1995 April 5 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to provide detailed microstructural information on the amorphous silicon based thin film materials under development for improved multijunction solar cells. Correlation of microstructure with opto-electrical properties and device performance is an integral part of the research. During this second phase of our three-year program we have obtained information on the microstructure of materials relevant to the Low-, Mid-, and High-bandgap Teams and the results are appropriately divided into these three types of material as presented below. The experimental methods, data analysis, and interpretation procedures are the same as those described in detail in the phase-one report and in the review paper published last year.

Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.

Download or read book Thin Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Kalluri Ramalingeswara Sarma and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Silicon Nanocrystals written by Lorenzo Pavesi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique collection of knowledge represents a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and practical consequences of size reduction in silicon crystals. This clearly structured reference introduces readers to the optical, electrical and thermal properties of silicon nanocrystals that arise from their greatly reduced dimensions. It covers their synthesis and characterization from both chemical and physical viewpoints, including ion implantation, colloidal synthesis and vapor deposition methods. A major part of the text is devoted to applications in microelectronics as well as photonics and nanobiotechnology, making this of great interest to the high-tech industry.

Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.