Download or read book Thermodynamic Model Development for Lithium Intercalation Electrodes written by Deepak Kumaar Kandasamy Karthikeyan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Battery Management Systems Volume I Battery Modeling written by Gregory L. Plett and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale battery packs are needed in hybrid and electric vehicles, utilities grid backup and storage, and frequency-regulation applications. In order to maximize battery-pack safety, longevity, and performance, it is important to understand how battery cells work. This first of its kind new resource focuses on developing a mathematical understanding of how electrochemical (battery) cells work, both internally and externally. This comprehensive resource derives physics-based micro-scale model equations, then continuum-scale model equations, and finally reduced-order model equations. This book describes the commonly used equivalent-circuit type battery model and develops equations for superior physics-based models of lithium-ion cells at different length scales. This resource also presents a breakthrough technology called the “discrete-time realization algorithm” that automatically converts physics-based models into high-fidelity approximate reduced-order models.
Download or read book Electrochemical thermal Modeling of Lithium ion Batteries written by Mehrdad Mastali Majdabadi Kohneh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries as an energy storage system in electric devices including electric vehicles brings about new challenges. In fact, the design of Li-ion batteries has to be optimized depending on each application specifications to improve the performance and safety of battery operation under each application and at the same time prevent the batteries from quick degradation. As a result, accurate models capable of predicting the behavior of Li-ion batteries under various operating conditions are necessary. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop a battery model that includes thermal heating and is suitable for large-sized prismatic cells used in electric vehicles. This works starts with developing a dual-extended Kalman filter based on an equivalent circuit model for the battery. The dual-extended Kalman filter simultaneously estimates the dynamic internal resistance and state of the charge of the battery. However, the estimated parameters are only the fitted values to the experimental data and may be non-physical. In addition, this filter is only valid for the operating conditions that it is validated against via experimental data. To overcome these issues, physics-based electrochemical models for Li-ion batteries are subsequently considered. One drawback of physics-based models is their high computational cost. In this work, two simplified one-dimensional physics-based models capable of predicting the output voltage of coin cells with less than 2.5% maximum error compared to the full-order model are developed. These models reduce the simulation computational time more than one order of magnitude. In addition to computational time, the accuracy of the physico-chemical model parameter estimates is a concern for physics-based models. Therefore, commercial LiFePO4 (LFP) and graphite electrodes are precisely modelled and characterized by fitting experimental data at different charge/discharge rates (C/5 to 5C). The temperature dependency of the kinetic and transport properties of LFP and graphite electrodes is also estimated by fitting experimental data at various temperatures (10 °C, 23 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C). Since the spatial current and temperature variations in the large-sized prismatic cells are significant, one-dimensional models cannot be used for the modeling of these prismatic cells. In this work, a resistor network methodology is utilized to combine the one-dimensional models into a three-dimensional multi-layer model. The developed model is verified by comparing the simulated temperatures at the surface of the prismatic cell (consist of LFP as the positive and graphite as the negative electrode) to experimental data at different charge/discharge rates (1C, 2C, 3C, and 5C). Using the developed model the effect of tab size and location, and the current collector thickness, on the electrochemical characteristics of large-sized batteries is evaluated. It is shown that transferring tabs from the edges and the same side (common commercial design) to the center and opposite sides of the cell, and extending them as much as possible in width, lowers the non-uniformity variation in electrochemical current generation.
Download or read book Lithium Batteries and other Electrochemical Storage Systems written by Christian Glaize and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-22 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium batteries were introduced relatively recently in comparison to lead- or nickel-based batteries, which have been around for over 100 years. Nevertheless, in the space of 20 years, they have acquired a considerable market share – particularly for the supply of mobile devices. We are still a long way from exhausting the possibilities that they offer. Numerous projects will undoubtedly further improve their performances in the years to come. For large-scale storage systems, other types of batteries are also worthy of consideration: hot batteries and redox flow systems, for example. This book begins by showing the diversity of applications for secondary batteries and the main characteristics required of them in terms of storage. After a chapter presenting the definitions and measuring methods used in the world of electrochemical storage, and another that gives examples of the applications of batteries, the remainder of this book is given over to describing the batteries developed recently (end of the 20th Century) which are now being commercialized, as well as those with a bright future. The authors also touch upon the increasingly rapid evolution of the technologies, particularly regarding lithium batteries, for which the avenues of research are extremely varied. Contents Part 1. Storage Requirements Characteristics of Secondary Batteries Examples of Use 1. Breakdown of Storage Requirements. 2. Definitions and Measuring Methods. 3. Practical Examples Using Electrochemical Storage. Part 2. Lithium Batteries 4. Introduction to Lithium Batteries. 5. The Basic Elements in Lithium-ion Batteries: Electrodes, Electrolytes and Collectors. 6. Usual Lithium-ion Batteries. 7. Present and Future Developments Regarding Lithium-ion Batteries. 8. Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries. 9. Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. 10. Lithium-Air Batteries. 11. Lithium Resources. Part 3. Other Types of Batteries 12. Other Types of Batteries. About the Authors Christian Glaize is Professor at the University of Montpellier, France. He is also Researcher in the Materials and Energy Group (GEM) of the Institute for Electronics (IES), France. Sylvie Geniès is a project manager at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) in Grenoble, France.
Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Next Generation Energy Storage and Conversion written by Qiang Zhen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 3 of a 4-volume series is a concise, authoritative and an eminently readable and enjoyable experience related to lithium ion battery design, characterization and usage for portable and stationary power. Although the major focus is on lithium metal oxides or transition metal oxide as alloys, the discussion of fossil fuels is also presented where appropriate. This monograph is written by recognized experts in the field, and is both timely and appropriate as this decade will see application of lithium as an energy carrier, for example in the transportation sector. This Volume focuses on the fundamentals related to batteries using the latest research in the field of battery physics, chemistry, and electrochemistry. The research summarised in this book by leading experts is laid out in an easy-to-understand format to enable the layperson to grasp the essence of the technology, its pitfalls and current challenges in high-power Lithium battery research. After introductory remarks on policy and battery safety, a series of monographs are offered related to fundamentals of lithium batteries, including, theoretical modeling, simulation and experimental techniques used to characterize electrode materials, both at the material composition, and also at the device level. The different properties specific to each component of the batteries are discussed in order to offer tradeoffs between power and energy density, energy cycling, safety and where appropriate end-of-life disposal. Parameters affecting battery performance and cost, longevity using newer metal oxides, different electrolytes are also reviewed in the context of safety concerns and in relation to the solid-electrolyte interface. Separators, membranes, solid-state electrolytes, and electrolyte additives are also reviewed in light of safety, recycling, and high energy endurance issues. The book is intended for a wide audience, such as scientists who are new to the field, practitioners, as well as students in the STEM and STEP fields, as well as students working on batteries. The sections on safety and policy would be of great interest to engineers and technologists who want to obtain a solid grounding in the fundamentals of battery science arising from the interaction of electrochemistry, solid-state materials science, surfaces, and interfaces.
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Porous Electrodes for Lithium ion Batteries written by Raymond Barrett Smith and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly important, both in portable electronic devices and as grid stabilization for intermittent renewable sources. The varied applications involve varying requirements for safety, lifetime, and energy/power density. The broad requirement space leads to a large design space, requiring either extensive and costly experimentation or effective models. To be predictive enough to facilitate design, models must be based on underlying physics. However, battery models commonly make assumptions known to be false, such as describing phase separating materials with Fickian diffusion. In this thesis, we build on existing battery models by modifying key parts to better capture fundamental phenomena including transport and reactions in phase separating materials. First, we introduce a model of lithium transport and surface reactions within particles of graphite, which has phase separation and is the most common anode material in lithium-ion batteries. We demonstrate key features of the model, including a sensitivity to its electrochemical reaction kinetics as well as its ability to capture both single particle and porous electrode experimental data. Second, we connect a model of electrochemical kinetics that is well-established in the chemistry community to nonequilibrium thermodynamics and apply it to materials with phase separating electrodes. We demonstrate that, although it shares some characteristics with a commonly used phenomenological model, it makes distinct predictions which agree with certain experimental results. Finally, we unify these single-particle models within a volume-averaged model to describe battery behavior at the scale of full porous electrodes. The developed model and simulation software have already been applied by other researchers to help explain behavior of batteries with phase separating materials.
Download or read book Hydrogen Batteries and Fuel Cells written by Bengt Sundén and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen, Batteries and Fuel Cells provides the science necessary to understand these important areas, considering theory and practice, practical problem-solving, descriptions of bottlenecks, and future energy system applications. The title covers hydrogen as an energy carrier, including its production and storage; the application and analysis of electrochemical devices, such as batteries, fuel cells and electrolyzers; and the modeling and thermal management of momentum, heat, mass and charge transport phenomena. This book offers fundamental and integrated coverage on these topics that is critical to the development of future energy systems. Combines coverage of hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells in the context of future energy systems Provides the fundamental science needed to understand future energy systems in theory and practice Gives examples of problems and solutions in the use of hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells Considers basic issues in understanding hydrogen and electrochemical devices Describes methods for modeling and thermal management in future energy systems
Download or read book Phase Field Methods in Materials Science and Engineering written by Nikolas Provatas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and self-contained, one-stop source discusses phase-field methodology in a fundamental way, explaining advanced numerical techniques for solving phase-field and related continuum-field models. It also presents numerical techniques used to simulate various phenomena in a detailed, step-by-step way, such that readers can carry out their own code developments. Features many examples of how the methods explained can be used in materials science and engineering applications.
Download or read book Thermodynamic Characterization and Heat Generation of Fast charging Wadsley Roth Shear Phase Materials for Battery Application written by Sun Woong Baek and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation reviews and clarifies the fundamental thermodynamic relationships relevant to the interpretation of potentiometric entropy measurements on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to gain insight into the physicochemical phenomena occurring during cycling. First, contributions from configurational, vibrational, and electronic excitations to the entropy ofan ideal intercalation compound used as a cathode in a battery system were analyzed. The results of this analysis were used to provide an interpretative guide of open circuit voltage Uocv(x, T) and entropic potential ∂Uocv(x, T)/∂T measurements to identify different mechanisms of intercalation, including (i) lithium intercalation as a homogeneous solid solution, (ii) ion ordering reactions from a homogeneous solid solution, (iii) first-order phase transitions involving a two-phase coexistence, and/or (iv) first-order phase transitions passing through a stable intermediate phase. These interpretations were illustrated with experimental data for different battery electrode materials including TiS2, LiCoO2, Li4/3Ti5/3O4, LiFePO4, and graphite electrodes with metallic lithium as the counter electrode. The systematic interpretation of Uocv(x, T) and ∂Uocv(x, T)/∂T can enhance other structural analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal signatures associated with electrochemical and transport phenomena occurring in LIB systems were investigated by performing potentiometric entropy measurement and isothermal operando calorimetry on LIB systems. Here, LIB system consisting of electrodes made of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 were investigated. The potentiometric entropy measurements of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 featured signatures of intralayer ion ordering upon lithiation that could not be observed with in situ X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, entropy measurements also confirmed the semiconductor-to-metal transition taking place at PNb9O25 upon lithiation. Furthermore, isothermal operando calorimetry measurements indicated that the nature of heat generation was dominated by Joule heating, which sensitively changed as the conductivity of the electrode increased with increasing lithiation. The heat generation rate decreased at the TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 electrode upon lithiation due to the decrease in electrical resistivity caused by the semiconductor-to-metal transition also observed in potentiometric entropy measurements. In addition, the time-averaged irreversible heat generation rate indicated that the electrical resistance of the lithium metal electrode was constant and independent of the state of charge while the electrical resistance of the PNb9O25 changedsignificantly with the state of charge. Moreover, calorimetry measurements have shown that the electrical energy losses were dissipated entirely in the form of heat. Furthermore, the enthalpy of mixing, obtained from operando calorimetry, is found to be small across the different degrees of lithiation, pointing to the high rate of lithium-ion diffusion at the origin of rapid rate performance of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25. Moreover, the effect of particle size on the electrochemical performance and heat generation in LIB systems were investigated using two LIBs consisting of electrodes made of either(W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method combined with freeze-drying or (W0.2V0.8)3O7 microparticles synthesized by solid-state method. Galvanostatic cycling confirmed that the electrode made of (W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles featured larger capacity and better retention at high C-rates than that made of the (W0.2V0.8)3O7 microparticles. Entropic potential measurements performed at slow C-rate indicated that both nanoparticles and microparticles underwent a semiconductor to metal transition, and nanoparticles underwent a two-phase coexistence region over a narrower range of composition. Operando calorimetry measurements at high C-rate established that the heat generation rate increased at the (W0.2V0.8)3O7 electrode upon lithiation due to an increase in charge transfer resistance regardless of particle size. Moreover, the time-averaged irreversible heat generation rate was slightly but systematically smaller at the electrode made of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the specific dissipated energy and the contribution from enthalpy of mixing caused by lithium concentration gradient was notably smaller for (W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles. These observations were attributed to the fact that nanoparticles were less electrically resistive and able to accommodate more lithium while lithium ion intercalation therein was more kinetically favorable.
Download or read book Electrochemistry of Porous Materials written by Antonio Doménech Carbó and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemistry of Porous Materials describes essential theoretical aspects of the electrochemistry of nanostructured materials and primary applications, incorporating the advances in the field in the last ten years including recent theoretical formulations and the incorporation of novel materials. Concentrating on nanostructured micro- and mesoporous materials, the highly anticipated Second Edition offers a more focused and practical analysis of key porous materials considered relatively homogeneous from an electrochemical point of view. The author details the use of electrochemical methods in materials science for characterization and their applications in the fields of analysis, energy production and storage, environmental remediation, and the biomedical arena. Additional features include: Incorporates new theoretical advances in the voltammetry of porous materials and multiphase porous electrochemistry. Includes new developments in sensing, energy production and storage, degradation of pollutants, desalination and drug release. Describes redox processes for different porous materials, assessing their electrochemical applications. Written at an accessible and understandable level for researchers and graduate students working in the field of material chemistry. Selective and streamlined, Electrochemistry of Porous Materials, Second Edition culls a wide range of relevant and practically useful material from the extensive literature on the subject, making it an invaluable reference for readers of all levels of understanding.
Download or read book Effect of Design Parameters and Intercalation Induced Stresses in Lithium Ion Batteries written by Sumitava De and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical power sources, especially lithium ion batteries have become major players in various industrial sectors, with applications ranging from low power/energy demands to high power/energy requirements. But there are some significant issues existing for lithium ion systems which include underutilization, stress-induced material damage, capacity fade, and the potential for thermal runaway. Therefore, better design, operation and control of lithium ion batteries are essential to meet the growing demands of energy storage. Physics based modeling and simulation methods provide the best and most accurate approach for addressing such issues for lithium ion battery systems. This work tries to understand and address some of these issues, by development of physics based models and efficient simulation of such models for battery design and real time control purposes. This thesis will introduce a model-based procedure for simultaneous optimization of design parameters for porous electrodes that are commonly used in lithium ion systems. The approach simultaneously optimizes the battery design variables of electrode porosities and thickness for maximization of the energy drawn for an applied current, cut-off voltage, and total time of discharge. The results show reasonable improvement in the specific energy drawn from the lithium ion battery when the design parameters are simultaneously optimized. The second part of this dissertation will develop a 2-dimensional transient numerical model used to simulate the electrochemical lithium insertion in a silicon nanowire (Si NW) electrode. The model geometry is a cylindrical Si NW electrode anchored to a copper current collector (Cu CC) substrate. The model solves for diffusion of lithium in Si NW, stress generation in the Si NW due to chemical and elastic strain, stress generation in the Cu CC due to elastic strain, and volume expansion in the Si NW and Cu CC geometries. The evolution of stress components, i.e., radial, axial and tangential stresses in different regions in the Si NW are studied in details. Lithium-ion batteries are typically modeled using porous electrode theory coupled with various transport and reaction mechanisms with an appropriate discretization or approximation for the solid phase diffusion within the electrode particle. One of the major difficulties in simulating Li-ion battery models is the need for simulating solid-phase diffusion in the second radial dimension r within the particle. It increases the complexity of the model as well as the computation time/cost to a great extent. This is particularly true for the inclusion of pressure induced diffusion inside particles experiencing volume change. Therefore, to address such issues, part of the work will involve development of efficient methods for particle/solid phase reformulation - (1) parabolic profile approach and (2) a mixed order finite difference method. These models will be used for approximating/representing solid-phase concentration variations within the active material. Efficiency in simulation of particle level models can be of great advantage when these are coupled with macro-homogenous cell sandwich level battery models.
Download or read book Flow Batteries written by Christina Roth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 1510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow Batteries The premier reference on flow battery technology for large-scale, high-performance, and sustainable energy storage From basics to commercial applications, Flow Batteries covers the main aspects and recent developments of (Redox) Flow Batteries, from the electrochemical fundamentals and the materials used to their characterization and technical application. Edited by a team of leading experts, including the “founding mother of vanadium flow battery technology” Maria Skyllas-Kazacos, the full scope of this revolutionary technology is detailed, including chemistries other than vanadium and organic flow batteries. Other key topics covered in Flow Batteries include: Flow battery computational modeling and simulation, including quantum mechanical considerations, cell, stack, and system modeling, techno-economics, and grid behavior A comparison of the standard vanadium flow battery variant with new and emerging flow batteries using different chemistries and how they will change the field Commercially available flow batteries from different manufacturers, their technology, and application ranges The pivotal role of flow batteries in overcoming the global energy crisis Flow Batteries is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers in academia and industry who want to understand and work with this exciting new technology and explore the full range of its current and future applications.
Download or read book Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries written by Kazunori Ozawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting out with an introduction to the fundamentals of lithium ion batteries, this book begins by describing in detail the new materials for all four major uses as cathodes, anodes, separators, and electrolytes. It then goes on to address such critical issues as self-discharge and passivation effects, highlighting lithium ion diffusion and its profound effect on a battery's power density, life cycle and safety issues. The monograph concludes with a detailed chapter on lithium ion battery use in hybrid electric vehicles. Invaluable reading for materials scientists, electrochemists, physicists, and those working in the automobile and electrotechnical industries, as well as those working in computer hardware and the semiconductor industry.
Download or read book Fractional Dynamics written by Carlo Cattani and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is devoted to recent developments in the theory of fractional calculus and its applications. Particular attention is paid to the applicability of this currently popular research field in various branches of pure and applied mathematics. In particular, the book focuses on the more recent results in mathematical physics, engineering applications, theoretical and applied physics as quantum mechanics, signal analysis, and in those relevant research fields where nonlinear dynamics occurs and several tools of nonlinear analysis are required. Dynamical processes and dynamical systems of fractional order attract researchers from many areas of sciences and technologies, ranging from mathematics and physics to computer science.
Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Bruno Scrosati and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains the current state of the science and points the way to technological advances First developed in the late 1980s, lithium-ion batteries now power everything from tablet computers to power tools to electric cars. Despite tremendous progress in the last two decades in the engineering and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries, they are currently unable to meet the energy and power demands of many new and emerging devices. This book sets the stage for the development of a new generation of higher-energy density, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries by advancing battery chemistry and identifying new electrode and electrolyte materials. The first chapter of Lithium Batteries sets the foundation for the rest of the book with a brief account of the history of lithium-ion battery development. Next, the book covers such topics as: Advanced organic and ionic liquid electrolytes for battery applications Advanced cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries Metal fluorosulphates capable of doubling the energy density of lithium-ion batteries Efforts to develop lithium-air batteries Alternative anode rechargeable batteries such as magnesium and sodium anode systems Each of the sixteen chapters has been contributed by one or more leading experts in electrochemistry and lithium battery technology. Their contributions are based on the latest published findings as well as their own firsthand laboratory experience. Figures throughout the book help readers understand the concepts underlying the latest efforts to advance the science of batteries and develop new materials. Readers will also find a bibliography at the end of each chapter to facilitate further research into individual topics. Lithium Batteries provides electrochemistry students and researchers with a snapshot of current efforts to improve battery performance as well as the tools needed to advance their own research efforts.
Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Lithium ion Power Battery Thermal Management written by Junqiu Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.
Download or read book Data driven Modeling of Lithium Intercalation Materials written by Hongbo Zhao (Scientist in Chemical Engineering) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For multi-scale electrochemical systems such as batteries, a number of tools including microscopy, diffraction, spectroscopy, and impedance exist to probe and measure from single active particles to the whole cell, but traditional modeling approaches fail to capture all the available information. With the arrival of high-throughput computation and experimentation, there is an unprecedented opportunity to solve key challenges in energy storage via data-driven methods.
