Download or read book Theory for Extending Single Product Production Function Estimation to Multi Product Settings written by Emmanuel Dhyne and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We introduce a new methodology for estimating multi-product production functions. It embeds the seminal contributions of Diewert (1973) and Lau (1976) in our extended version of the semi-parametric econometric framework of Olley and Pakes (1996), where we address the simultaneity of inputs and outputs by allowing for the possibility of a possible vector of unobserved "productivities," all of which may be freely correlated with inputs and outputs. We show how to use the multi-product production function to recover estimates of firm-product marginal costs using the input and output elasticities by extending Hall's (1988) single-product result to our multi-product setting using McFadden (1978). We focus on six 6-digit Belgian "industries" that produce two products, finding all but five of the forty-eight input coefficients are positive and thirty eight are strongly significant. We find outputs are substitutes as the coefficients on "other good output" is always negative and highly significant. 100% of marginal cost estimates are positive and close to 80% of markups are estimated to be greater than 1. We find very similar results when we move to 4-digit industries, when we use similar multi-product data from France, and when we use the trans-log approximation.

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Industrial Organization, Volume Four highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of expert authors. Presents authoritative surveys and reviews of advances in theory and econometrics Reviews recent research on capital raising methods and institutions Includes discussions on developing countries

Download or read book Specification and Estimation of Multiple Output Production Functions written by G. Hasenkamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is intended as a contribution to applied work in production theory by treating: a) The measurement problems involved whenever several outputs are jointly produced, and b) The (possible) econometric framework for estimating production function parameters whenever (relative) prices vary sufficiently over the observations. Thus, the "pure" theory of production, and the theory of non-linear regression is not treated in sufficient detail: for these topics we refer to the available literature~ for a comprehensive list of references we refer to Uebe (1975). Some years ago, papers by L. J. Lau and W. E. Diewert initiated my interest in duality within production theory, and then I started to appreciate R. W. Shephard's fundamental contribution to this topic. This monograph is a (minor) revision of a Ph. D. dissertation submitted to the Department of Economics, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, in August 1973. The Graduate School and the Social Systems Research Institute provided funds for the reported computer work, Lawrence R. Klein and Laurits R. Christensen provided data, and as a Graduate Student I received financial support in form of an University Fellowship~ all this is very much appreciated. With some nostalgia I think back to the enjoyable period of learning during the preparation of my diFosertation~ I appreciate the spirit within the department, and the guidance of my committee Arthur S. Goldberger, Dennis J. Aigner, and Laurits R. Christensen.

Download or read book Production Economics An Empirical Approach written by Charles Britt Moss and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production economics is that branch of microeconomics that examines producer decisions. This book focuses on the empirical estimation of these relationships using primal, dual, and differential specifications. The primal specification models production decisions based on the production function — estimation of the input/output relationship and the derivation of optimization behavior from this technical relationship. The dual approach estimates production decisions using economic information such as input and output prices. The textbook then develops the linkages between these relationships. The differential specification is an alternative approach derived from changes in the first-order conditions from cost minimizing behavior. In each case, the theoretical development is followed by different empirical specifications that can be used to estimate the producer's choice.

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Organization written by Kate Ho and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Industrial Organization Volume 4 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Part of the renowned Handbooks in Economics series Chapters are contributed by some of the leading experts in their fields A source, reference and teaching supplement for industrial organizations or industrial economists

Download or read book Estimating Production Functions in Differentiated product Industries with Quantity Information and External Instruments written by Nicolás de Roux and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper highlights shortcomings of standard methods of production-function estimation when quality or variety vary at the firm level and develops a new approach that can be applied in such contexts. We take advantage of input and output quantity data from Colombian producers of rubber and plastic products. Using constant-elasticity-of-substitution aggregators of outputs and material inputs at the firm level, we derive a simple expression showing how quality and variety choices may bias standard estimators. Using real exchange rates and variation in the "bite" of the national minimum wage, we construct external instruments for materials and labor choices to supplement standard internal instruments. We implement a two-step instrumental-variables method, estimating a difference equation to recover the materials and labor coefficients and then a levels equation to recover the capital coefficient. A simple Monte-Carlo simulation illustrates the advantages of our method in a setting with firm-level input-quality differences.

Download or read book Essays on Production Function Estimation written by Mert Demirer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first chapter develops a new method for estimating production functions with factor-augmenting technology and assesses its economic implications. The method does not impose parametric restrictions and generalizes prior approaches that rely on the CES production function. I first extend the canonical Olley-Pakes framework to accommodate factor-augmenting technology. Then, I show how to identify output elasticities based on a novel control variable approach and the optimality of input expenditures. I use this method to estimate output elasticities and markups in manufacturing industries in the US and four developing countries. Neglecting labor-augmenting productivity and imposing parametric restrictions mismeasures output elasticities and heterogeneity in the production function. My estimates suggest that standard models (i) underestimate capital elasticity by up to 70 percent (ii) overestimate labor elasticity by up to 80 percent. These biases propagate into markup estimates inferred from output elasticities: markups are overestimated by 20 percentage points. Finally, heterogeneity in output elasticities also affects estimated trends in markups: my estimates point to a much more muted markup growth (about half) in the US manufacturing sector than recent estimates. The second chapter develops partial identification results that are robust to deviations from the commonly used control function approach assumptions and measurement errors in inputs. In particular, the model (i) allows for multi-dimensional unobserved heterogeneity,(ii) relaxes strict monotonicity to weak monotonicity, (iii) accommodates a more flexible timing assumption for capital. I show that under these assumptions production function parameters are partially identified by an 'imperfect proxy' variable via moment inequalities. Using these moment inequalities, I derive bounds on the parameters and propose an estimator. An empirical application is presented to quantify the informativeness of the identified set. The third chapter develops an approach in which endogenous networks is a source of identification in estimations with network data. In particular, I study a linear model where network data can be used to control for unobserved heterogeneity and partially identify the parameters of the linear model. My method does not rely on a parametric model of network formation. Instead, identification is achieved by assuming that the network satisfies latent homophily - the tendency of individuals to be linked with others who are similar to themselves. I first provide two definitions of homophily: weak and strong homophily. Then, based on these definitions, I characterize the identified sets and show that they are bounded under weak conditions. Finally, to illustrate the method in an empirical setting, I estimate the effects of education on risk preferences and peer effects using social network data from 150 Chinese villages.

Download or read book Least Squares Estimation of Joint Production Functions By the Differential Evolution Method of Global Optimization written by Sudhanshu K. Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the economics of joint production one often distinguishes between the two cases: the one in which a firm produces multiple products each produced under separate production process, and the other "true joint production" where a number of outputs are produced from a single production process, where each product shares common inputs. In the econometric practice the first case has often been dealt with by aggregation of individual production functions into a macro production function. The second case has often called for estimation of an implicit aggregate production function. Most of the studies relating to estimation of joint production functions have noted two difficulties: first that allocation of inputs to different outputs are not known, and the second that a method of estimation (such as the Least Squares) cannot have more than one dependent variable. Construction of a composite (macro) output function is at least partly motivated by the inability of the estimation methods to deal with multiple dependent variables and different forms of production function for different outputs. This study has conducted some simulation experiments on joint estimation of the CES, the Transcendental and the Nerlove-Ringstad functions. Allocation parameters (of inputs) across the products have been introduced. Estimation has been done jointly, but without constructing a composite macro production function or an output transformation function. We use nonlinear least squares based on the Differential Evolution method of global optimization that permits fitting multiple production functions simultaneously.

Download or read book An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis written by Timothy J. Coelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-07-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Softcover version of the second edition Hardcover. Incorporates a new author, Dr. Chris O'Donnell, who brings considerable expertise to the project in the area of performance measurement. Numerous topics are being added and more applications using real data, as well as exercises at the end of the chapters. Data sets, computer codes and software will be available for download from the web to accompany the volume.

Download or read book Specification and Estimation of Multiple output Production Functions written by Georg Hasenkamp and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Learning by Doing in a Multi product Manufacturing Environment written by Carolyn D. Egelman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending research on organizational learning to multi-product environments is of particular importance given that the vast majority of products are manufactured in such environments. We investigate learning in a multi-product facility drawing on exceptionally rich data for a manufacturing firm that is a leading producer of high technology components. Weekly data for 10 years from the firm's production and human resource tracking systems are augmented by surveys of managers and engineers and by extensive first-hand observation. We find that productivity improves when multiple generations of the firm's primary product family are produced concurrently, reflecting the firm's ability to augment and transfer knowledge from older to newer product generations. No significant transfer of knowledge is evident between the primary product family and other products. Productivity is, however, decreased when the production facility is faced with extensive within-product buyer-specific customizations.We develop the implications of these findings for theory and practice.

Download or read book Agricultural Production Economics written by David L. Debertin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Production Economics A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications written by Melvyn Fuss and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions to Economic Analysis: Production Economics: A Dual Approach to Theory and Applications, Volume 2 focuses on the theory of production from the standpoint of the "dual", the relationships between economic observables which are dual to physical technology. The selection first ponders on duality, intermediate inputs and value-added, Hicks' aggregation theorem and the existence of a real value-added function, and homotheticity and real value-added in Canadian manufacturing. Discussions focus on real value-added and the production structure, estimation of the production structure, double deflation and real value-added, measurement of total productivity, and duality between direct and conditional indirect utility functions. The book then examines the estimation techniques for the elasticity of substitution and other production parameters and measurement of the elasticity of factor substitution and bias of technical change. The publication takes a look at the identification of technical change in the electricity generating industry, factor substitution in electricity generation, and the effectiveness of rate-of-return regulation. Topics include statistical tests of regulatory effectiveness, profit function for a regulated firm, tests of the structure of technology, identification problems in the measurement of technical change, and measurement of disembodied technical change. The selection is a valuable source of information for economists and researchers interested in production economics.

Download or read book Econometric Models For Industrial Organization written by Matthew Shum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Models for Industrial Organization focuses on the specification and estimation of econometric models for research in industrial organization. In recent decades, empirical work in industrial organization has moved towards dynamic and equilibrium models, involving econometric methods which have features distinct from those used in other areas of applied economics. These lecture notes, aimed for a first or second-year PhD course, motivate and explain these econometric methods, starting from simple models and building to models with the complexity observed in typical research papers. The covered topics include discrete-choice demand analysis, models of dynamic behavior and dynamic games, multiple equilibria in entry games and partial identification, and auction models.

Download or read book A Practitioner s Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata written by Subal C. Kumbhakar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Practitioner's Guide to Stochastic Frontier Analysis Using Stata provides practitioners in academia and industry with a step-by-step guide on how to conduct efficiency analysis using the stochastic frontier approach. The authors explain in detail how to estimate production, cost, and profit efficiency and introduce the basic theory of each model in an accessible way, using empirical examples that demonstrate the interpretation and application of models. This book also provides computer code, allowing users to apply the models in their own work, and incorporates the most recent stochastic frontier models developed in academic literature. Such recent developments include models of heteroscedasticity and exogenous determinants of inefficiency, scaling models, panel models with time-varying inefficiency, growth models, and panel models that separate firm effects and persistent and transient inefficiency. Immensely helpful to applied researchers, this book bridges the chasm between theory and practice, expanding the range of applications in which production frontier analysis may be implemented.

Download or read book Handbook of Newsvendor Problems written by Tsan-Ming Choi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a fundamental problem in stochastic inventory control, the newsvendor problem has been studied since the 18th century in the economic literature, and has been widely used to analyze supply chains in fashion and seasonal product industries. Since the 1950s, the newsvendor problem has been extensively studied in operations research and extended to model a variety of real-life problems. The simplest and most elementary version of the newsvendor problem is an optimal stocking problem in which a newsvendor needs to decide how many newspapers to order for future demand, where the future demand is uncertain and follows a stationary distribution. Research in this area has greatly increased over the last few years, and now the Handbook of Newsvendor Problems: Models, Extensions and Applications captures the state of the art. The handbook consists of two sections -- Models and Extensions, and Applications. Each section includes many interesting works in the respective domain. Section I presents papers on topics like the multi-product newsvendor problems; the newsvendor problem with law invariant coherent measures of risk; a Copula approach to inventory pooling problems with newsvendor products; repeated newsvendor games with transshipments; cooperative newsvendor games; an economic interpretation for the price-setting newsvendor problem; newsvendor models with alternative risk preferences within expected utility theory and prospect theory frameworks; and newsvendor problems with VaR and CVaR consideration. Section II presents papers on such topics as a two-period newsvendor problem for closed-loop supply chain analysis; the remanufacturing newsvendor problem; inventory centralization in a newsvendor setting when shortage costs differ; production planning on an unreliable machine for multiple items; analysis of the newsvendor problem under carbon emissions policies; optimal decisions of the manufacturer and distributor in a fresh product supply chain involving long distance transportation; a newsvendor perspective on profit target setting for multiple divisions; and a portfolio approach to multi-product newsvendor problem with budget constraint. This well-balanced handbook presents a wealth of theoretical results from different perspectives. With contributions from many of the leading researchers in the field, the Handbook of Newsvendor Problems: Models, Extensions and Applications is a timely addition to the literature and consolidates all the new and exciting works related to the newsvendor problem into one high quality source.

Download or read book New Developments in Productivity Analysis written by Charles R. Hulten and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The productivity slowdown of the 1970s and 1980s and the resumption of productivity growth in the 1990s have provoked controversy among policymakers and researchers. Economists have been forced to reexamine fundamental questions of measurement technique. Some researchers argue that econometric approaches to productivity measurement usefully address shortcomings of the dominant index number techniques while others maintain that current productivity statistics underreport damage to the environment. In this book, the contributors propose innovative approaches to these issues. The result is a state-of-the-art exposition of contemporary productivity analysis. Charles R. Hulten is professor of economics at the University of Maryland. He has been a senior research associate at the Urban Institute and is chair of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Michael Harper is chief of the Division of Productivity Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Edwin R. Dean, formerly associate commissioner for Productivity and Technology at the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is adjunct professor of economics at The George Washington University.