Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen Storage Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical calculations were carried out to search for lightweight alloys that can be used to reversibly store hydrogen in mobile applications, such as automobiles. Our primary focus was on magnesium based alloys. While MgH2 is in many respects a promising hydrogen storage material, there are two serious problems which need to be solved in order to make it useful: (i) the binding energy of the hydrogen atoms in the hydride is too large, causing the release temperature to be too high, and (ii) the diffusion of hydrogen through the hydride is so slow that loading of hydrogen into the metal takes much too long. In the first year of the project, we found that the addition of ca. 15% of aluminum decreases the binding energy to the hydrogen to the target value of 0.25 eV which corresponds to release of 1 bar hydrogen gas at 100 degrees C. Also, the addition of ca. 15% of transition metal atoms, such as Ti or V, reduces the formation energy of interstitial H-atoms making the diffusion of H-atoms through the hydride more than ten orders of magnitude faster at room temperature. In the second year of the project, several calculations of alloys of magnesium with various other transition metals were carried out and systematic trends in stability, hydrogen binding energy and diffusivity established. Some calculations of ternary alloys and their hydrides were also carried out, for example of Mg6AlTiH16. It was found that the binding energy reduction due to the addition of aluminum and increased diffusivity due to the addition of a transition metal are both effective at the same time. This material would in principle work well for hydrogen storage but it is, unfortunately, unstable with respect to phase separation. A search was made for a ternary alloy of this type where both the alloy and the corresponding hydride are stable. Promising results were obtained by including Zn in the alloy.

Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by R. G. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA

Download or read book Diffusion in Hydrogen Storage Alloys written by David J. Fisher and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a summary of relevant diffusion data. Enormous amount of research has been expended on the option of storing the hydrogen in solid metal alloys. The loading of metals with hydrogen, and its extraction, depends upon several processes. It is found that the slowest, and therefore the rate-determining process is hydrogen diffusion in the solid.

Download or read book Density Functional Theory Studies of Destabilized Metal Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage Applications written by Sudhakar Venkata Alapati and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials written by Changzhen Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book starts with a theoretical introduction of the rare earth materials, and it subsequently analyzes the essential characteristics of these materials from elements, compounds to physical chemistry and metal materials, etc. Under the supplementary explanation of experimental data and results, the research is gradually guided into the multi-domain application scene. Through extensive analyses, this book displays comprehensively the distinguished values of the rare earth materials and the theoretical, empirical, and practical significance of rare earth materials is unraveled. It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, composites and engineering, and their prospects in production and technical applications. In-depth account of the whole spectrum of rare earth material research makes this book a unique reference to academic researchers, students, and engineers.

Download or read book Hydrogen Power Theoretical and Engineering Solutions written by T.O. Saetre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains selected contributions to the second Hydrogen Power, Theoretical and Engineering Solutions, International Symposium (HYPOTHESIS II), held in Grimstad, Norway, from 18 to 22 August 1997. The scientific programme included 10 oral sessions and a poster session. Widely based national committees, supported by an International Scientific Advisory Board and the International Coordinators, made every effort to design and bring together a programme of great excellence. The more than one hundred papers submitted represent the efforts of research groups from all over the World. The international character of HYPOTHESIS II has been augmented by contributions coming from seven countries outside Europe. The contributions reflect the progress that has been achieved in hydrogen technology aimed primarily at hydrogen as the ultimate energy vector. This research have already yielded mature technologies for mass production in many areas. These and future results will be of increased interest and importance as global and local environmental issues move higher up the political agenda. In order to facilitate new contacts between scientists and strengthen existing ones, the symposium incorporated an extensive social program managed by the Conference Administrator, Ms. Ann Y stad.

Download or read book Hydrogen Storage written by Jianjun Liu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is widely regarded as a potential cost effective, renewable, and clean energy alternative to petroleum in order to mitigate energy shortage and global climate warming issues that the world is currently facing. However, storage of hydrogen is a substantial challenge, especially for applications in vehicles with fuel cells that use proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). Therefore, scientific community has started focusing their research activities on developing advanced hydrogen storage materials through nanotechnology. The book presents a wide variety of nanostructured materials used for application in hydrogen storage, covering chemical and physical storage approaches. The research topics include computational design, synthesis, processing, fabrication, characterization, properties and applications of nanomaterials in hydrogen storage systems.

Download or read book Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Gavin Walker and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen fuel cells are emerging as a major alternative energy source in transportation and other applications. Central to the development of the hydrogen economy is safe, efficient and viable storage of hydrogen. Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry reviews the latest developments in solid-state hydrogen storage. Part one discusses hydrogen storage technologies, hydrogen futures, hydrogen containment materials and solid-state hydrogen storage system design. Part two reviews the analysis of hydrogen interactions including structural characterisation of hydride materials, neutron scattering techniques, reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials and modelling of carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. Part three analyses physically-bound hydrogen storage with chapters on zeolites, carbon nanostructures and metal-organic framework materials. Part four examines chemically-bound hydrogen storage including intermetallics, magnesium hydride, alanates, borohydrides, imides and amides, multicomponent hydrogen storage systems, organic liquid carriers, indirect hydrogen storage in metal ammines and technological challenges in hydrogen storage. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry is a standard reference for researchers and professionals in the field of renewable energy, hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage. Assesses hydrogen fuel cells as a major alternative energy source Discusses hydrogen storage technologies and solid-state hydrogen storage system design Explores the analysis of hydrogen interactions including reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials

Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Alloys written by Shumin Han and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents current research progress on hydrogen storage alloys, with a special focus on their applications in batteries. Background, formation mechanisms, electrochemical characteristics, and effects of elemental substitution are covered. Provides an up-to-date overview of the theme for experienced researchers, while including enough fundamentals to serve as a handy, practical introduction for newcomers to the field.

Download or read book Hydrogen and Hydrogen Containing Molecules on Metal Surfaces written by Hideaki Kasai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to recent advancements in theoretical and computational studies on the interactions of hydrogen and hydrogenated molecules with metal surfaces. These studies are driven by the development of high-performance computers, new experimental findings, and the extensive work of technological applications towards the realization of a sustainable hydrogen economy. Understanding of the elementary processes of physical and chemical reactions on the atomic scale is important in the discovery of new materials with high chemical reactivity and catalytic activity, as well as high stability and durability. From this point of view, the book focuses on the behavior of hydrogen and hydrogenated molecules on flat, stepped, and reconstructed metal surfaces. It also tackles the quantum mechanical properties of hydrogen and related adsorbates; namely, molecular orbital angular momentum (spin) and diffusion along the minimum potential energy landscape on metal surfaces. All of these profoundly influence the outcomes of (1) catalytic reactions that involve hydrogen; (2) hydrogen storage in metals; and (3) hydrogen purification membranes. Lastly, it surveys the current status of the technology, outlook, and challenges for the long-desired sustainable hydrogen economy in relation to the topics covered in the book.

Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen in Metals written by A. C. Switendick and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metallurgical Studies of Hydrogen Storage Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Hydrogen Storage written by Michael Hirscher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to the limited resources of fossil fuels, hydrogen is proposed as an alternative and environment-friendly energy carrier. However, its potential is limited by storage problems, especially for mobile applications. Current technologies, as compressed gas or liquefied hydrogen, comprise severe disadvantages and the storage of hydrogen in lightweight solids could be the solution to this problem. Since the optimal storage mechanism and optimal material have yet to be identified, this first handbook on the topic provides an excellent overview of the most probable candidates, highlighting both their advantages as well as drawbacks. From the contents: ¿ Physisorption ¿ Clathrates ¿ Metal hydrides ¿ Complex hydrides ¿ Amides, imides, and mixtures ¿ Tailoring Reaction Enthalpies ¿ Borazan ¿ Aluminum hydride ¿ Nanoparticles A one-stop reference on all questions concerning hydrogen storage for physical and solid state chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and physicists.

Download or read book Hydrogen in Intermetallic Compounds II written by Louis Schlapbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of hydrogen in an on metals and alloys is important in a number ofdisciplines including solid-state physics, materials science, physical chemistry, and energy technology. This volume treats the dynamics of hydrogen in intermetallic compounds, surface properties, kinetics, and applications of metal hydrides in energy technology. In addition, selected experimental methods are described. The introductory chapter will enable non-specialists to gain an overall picture of the field and to appreciate the relevant scientific issue. The companion volume, Hydrogene in Intermetallic Compounds I, was published as Vol. 63 of Topics in Applied Physics.

Download or read book Kinetic and Structural Studies of Mg based Materials for Hydrogen Storage and Switchable Mirror Applications written by Chinmay Vivek Nivargi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen has long been identified as a promising energy carrier in our efforts to usher in a new era of energy technologies to reduce our dependence on carbon emitting fossil fuels. There is already a lot of activity towards bringing the hydrogen economy to fruition, but significant innovations are still necessary in the materials used for hydrogen production, storage, delivery and use to make a cost-competitive case for widespread adoption. Metal hydrides are an attractive alternative to store hydrogen for on-board use in vehicles, with good volumetric energy density as compared to the energy intensive compression or liquefaction used today. Magnesium hydride based materials in particular has been proposed as candidates to explore for hydrogen storage applications. The structure of these hydrides and the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen sorption and desorption from them need to be well understood to improve them to meet the necessary targets for practical use. Although MgH2 has a good theoretical storage capacity, it suffers from poor hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics at room temperature. Our unique Pd-catalyst 'nanoportal' model structure allows controlled nucleation and growth of the hydride in the underlying Mg films, thus enabling determination of the hydrogenation reaction mechanism. Using kinetic modeling based on the well-known Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) analysis, I discovered that the hydrogenation reaction in our structure was limited by the flux of hydrogen atoms at the Pd catalyst-Mg hydride interface. Interfacial engineering to improve this contact would help improve hydrogenation kinetics. Mg can be improved upon as a hydrogen storage material by alloying additives into it. A number of transition metal additives to Mg are seen to decrease the dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 as well as improve the H2 sorption and desorption kinetics. The transparent nature of the hydrides make them attractive candidates for switchable gasochromic mirror applications as well. In this work, I synthesized and characterized the heretofore unexplored Mg-Ta alloy system, to obtain information about its phase diagram, which correlated well with theoretical calculations. I found that the Mg-Ta system forms metastable solid solutions across a wide composition range, even though they have unfavorable thermodynamics of mixing. I describe the difficulties we faced in synthesis of Mg-Ta alloys due to the phenomenon of resputtering, and our way to quantify this phenomenon and overcome it. I investigated the use of these Mg-Ta alloys for hydrogen storage and switchable mirror applications. These alloy thin films were seen to reversibly switch from reflective metal to transparent hydride states within a few seconds due to dramatically enhanced hydrogen sorption and desorption kinetics, compared to Mg. I found that the Ta additive plays a catalytic role in these structures and its location plays an important part in influencing these reactions. Kinetic modeling revealed that the mechanism of hydrogen desorption in these thin film structures is a one-dimensional growth, which is enhanced by the presence of Ta and limited by diffusion through the MgH2 in its absence. Structural characterization revealed that the Ta segregates out of the Mg-Ta alloy as early as the second dehydrogenation cycle, but still enhances the kinetics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation by acting as a pathway to enhance diffusion of the hydrogen out of the metal structure.

Download or read book Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Gavin Walker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen fuel cells are emerging as a major alternative energy source in transportation and other applications. Central to the development of the hydrogen economy is safe, efficient and viable storage of hydrogen. Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry reviews the latest developments in solid-state hydrogen storage. Part one discusses hydrogen storage technologies, hydrogen futures, hydrogen containment materials and solid-state hydrogen storage system design. Part two reviews the analysis of hydrogen interactions including structural characterisation of hydride materials, neutron scattering techniques, reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials and modelling of carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. Part three analyses physically-bound hydrogen storage with chapters on zeolites, carbon nanostructures and metal-organic framework materials. Part four examines chemically-bound hydrogen storage including intermetallics, magnesium hydride, alanates, borohydrides, imides and amides, multicomponent hydrogen storage systems, organic liquid carriers, indirect hydrogen storage in metal ammines and technological challenges in hydrogen storage. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry is a standard reference for researchers and professionals in the field of renewable energy, hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage. Assesses hydrogen fuel cells as a major alternative energy source Discusses hydrogen storage technologies and solid-state hydrogen storage system design Explores the analysis of hydrogen interactions including reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials

Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by B.S. Murty and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-03-16 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Entropy Alloys, Second Edition provides a complete review of the current state of the field of high entropy alloys (HEA). Building upon the first edition, this fully updated release includes new theoretical understandings of these materials, highlighting recent developments on modeling and new classes of HEAs, such as Eutectic HEAs and Dual phase HEAs. Due to their unique properties, high entropy alloys have attracted considerable attention from both academics and technologists. This book presents the fundamental knowledge, the spectrum of various alloy systems and their characteristics, key focus areas, and the future scope of the field in terms of research and technological applications. Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive understanding on the current status of HEAs in terms of theoretical understanding and modeling efforts Gives a complete idea on alloy design criteria of various classes of HEAs developed so far Discusses the microstructure property correlations in HEAs in terms of structural and functional properties Presents a comparison of HEAs with other multicomponent systems, like intermetallics and bulk metallic glasses