Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen in Metals written by A. C. Switendick and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen in Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic band structure studies of metal-hydrogen systems have demonstrated the existence of large metal-hydrogen and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions. These interactions lead to the formation of stable hydride phases. Factors governing this interaction are investigated for various different structures. Possible new directions for theoretical research are indicated.
Download or read book Hydrogen in Metals III written by Helmut Wipf and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals written by C.B. Satterthwaite and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen is the smallest impurity atom that can be implanted in a metallic host. Its small mass and strong interaction with the host electrons and nuclei are responsible for many anomalous and interesting solid state effects. In addition, hydrogen in metals gives rise to a number of technological problems such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen storage, radiation hardening, first wall problems associated with nuclear fusion reactors, and degradation of the fuel cladding in fission reactors. Both the fundamental effects and applied problems have stimulated a great deal of inter est in the study of metal hydrogen systems in recent years. This is evident from a growing list of publications as well as several international conferences held in this field during the past decade. It is clear that a fundamental understanding of these problems re quires a firm knowledge of the basic interactions between hydrogen, host metal atoms, intrinsic lattice defects and electrons. This understanding is made particularly difficult by hyrogen's small mass and by the large lattice distortions that accompany the hydrogenation process. The purpose of the "International Symposium on the Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals" held in Richmond, Virginia, March 4-6, 1982 was to increase our fundamental under standing of hydrogen in metals. Such knowledge is essential in solving technologically important questions. The symposium con sisted of twenty-two invited papers and seventy-two contributed poster presentations and attracted nearly 150 participants from thirteen countries. The proceedings of this symposium constitute this book.
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by R. G. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA
Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Hydrogen Storage Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical calculations were carried out to search for lightweight alloys that can be used to reversibly store hydrogen in mobile applications, such as automobiles. Our primary focus was on magnesium based alloys. While MgH2 is in many respects a promising hydrogen storage material, there are two serious problems which need to be solved in order to make it useful: (i) the binding energy of the hydrogen atoms in the hydride is too large, causing the release temperature to be too high, and (ii) the diffusion of hydrogen through the hydride is so slow that loading of hydrogen into the metal takes much too long. In the first year of the project, we found that the addition of ca. 15% of aluminum decreases the binding energy to the hydrogen to the target value of 0.25 eV which corresponds to release of 1 bar hydrogen gas at 100 degrees C. Also, the addition of ca. 15% of transition metal atoms, such as Ti or V, reduces the formation energy of interstitial H-atoms making the diffusion of H-atoms through the hydride more than ten orders of magnitude faster at room temperature. In the second year of the project, several calculations of alloys of magnesium with various other transition metals were carried out and systematic trends in stability, hydrogen binding energy and diffusivity established. Some calculations of ternary alloys and their hydrides were also carried out, for example of Mg6AlTiH16. It was found that the binding energy reduction due to the addition of aluminum and increased diffusivity due to the addition of a transition metal are both effective at the same time. This material would in principle work well for hydrogen storage but it is, unfortunately, unstable with respect to phase separation. A search was made for a ternary alloy of this type where both the alloy and the corresponding hydride are stable. Promising results were obtained by including Zn in the alloy.
Download or read book Hydrogen and Hydrogen Containing Molecules on Metal Surfaces written by Hideaki Kasai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to recent advancements in theoretical and computational studies on the interactions of hydrogen and hydrogenated molecules with metal surfaces. These studies are driven by the development of high-performance computers, new experimental findings, and the extensive work of technological applications towards the realization of a sustainable hydrogen economy. Understanding of the elementary processes of physical and chemical reactions on the atomic scale is important in the discovery of new materials with high chemical reactivity and catalytic activity, as well as high stability and durability. From this point of view, the book focuses on the behavior of hydrogen and hydrogenated molecules on flat, stepped, and reconstructed metal surfaces. It also tackles the quantum mechanical properties of hydrogen and related adsorbates; namely, molecular orbital angular momentum (spin) and diffusion along the minimum potential energy landscape on metal surfaces. All of these profoundly influence the outcomes of (1) catalytic reactions that involve hydrogen; (2) hydrogen storage in metals; and (3) hydrogen purification membranes. Lastly, it surveys the current status of the technology, outlook, and challenges for the long-desired sustainable hydrogen economy in relation to the topics covered in the book.
Download or read book Hydrogen in Metals I written by G. Alefeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-08-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement written by Michihiko Nagumo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of the one originally published in 2016, as the first comprehensive treatment on the fundamentals of hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials, mainly steel. The book provides students and researchers engaging in hydrogen problems with a unified view of the subject. Establishing reliable principles for materials design against hydrogen embrittlement and assessing their performance are recent urgent industrial needs in developing high-strength steel for hydrogen energy equipment and weight-reducing vehicles. The interdisciplinary nature of the subject, covering metal physics, materials science, and mechanics of fracture, has disturbed a profound understanding of the problem. In this book, previous studies are critically reviewed, and supplemental descriptions of fundamental ideas are presented when necessary. Emphasis is placed on experimental facts, with particular attention to their implication rather than phenomenological appearance. The adopted experimental conditions are also noted since the operating mechanism of hydrogen might differ by material and environment. For theories, employed assumptions and premises are noted to examine their versatility. Progress in the past decade in experimental and theoretical tools is remarkable and has nearly unveiled characteristic features of hydrogen embrittlement. Proposed models have almost covered feasible aspects of the function of hydrogen. This second edition has enriched the contents with recent crucial findings. Chapters on the manifestation of embrittlement in the deterioration of mechanical properties and microscopic features are reorganized, and the description is revised for the convenience of readers’ systematic understanding. A new chapter is created for delayed fracture in atmospheric environments as a conclusive subject of critical ideas presented in this book.
Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Chemisorption on Transition Metal Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemisorption of molecules on solid surfaces, the development of a general formalism, and specific applications to the hydrogen-titanium system were studied. For H2 on Ti, the goal is a determination of the energetics of adsorption and molecular dissociation as a function of surface site and a general description of bonding in the surface region including the response of the lattice to the absorbate. (FS).
Download or read book Hydrogen in Steel written by Michael Smialowski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen in Steel: Effect of Hydrogen on Iron and Steel During Production, Fabrication, and Use focuses on the effect of hydrogen on iron and steel during production, fabrication, and use. Topics covered range from the solubility of hydrogen in iron and ferrous alloys to the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen through iron and steel. Electrochemical problems related to the ability of iron to absorb hydrogen from aqueous solutions are also considered. Comprised of 19 chapters, this book begins with a detailed treatment of the nature and properties of metal-hydrogen systems, paying particular attention to the behavior of hydrogen in the bulk of the metal phase and the mechanism of reactions between metals and hydrogen or hydrogen-producing compounds. The reader is then introduced to the solubility of hydrogen in iron and ferrous alloys as well as the nature of the final product of the hydrogen-iron interaction. Subsequent chapters deal with dimensional changes and stresses produced in steel by cathodically evolved hydrogen; the effects of hydrogen on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of iron and steel; influence of welding on hydrogen; and sulfide corrosion cracking of steel. The effects of pickling on steel are also examined, along with the blistering and embrittlement caused by hydrogen on the base metal during electroplating. This book will be of value to students and practitioners in the field of physical chemistry.
Download or read book Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals written by P. Jena and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.
Download or read book Theoretical Studies of the Electronic Structure of Metal Semiconductor Hydrogen Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cesium, hydrogen and oxygen adsorption on beryllium clusters are studied using restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) calculations and ab initio relativistic effective core potentials. The clusters are taken as cylindrical plugs from beryllium wafers. Cs( - ), H( - ) and 0-to-substrate internuclear distances are optimized. For each system numerous low-lying electronic states are investigated and Mulliken electron populations analyzed. RHF calculations show that Be19, with three layers of atoms, is too small to adequately model the Be surface, while Be33, a five-layered system, and Be45, a seven-layered system, are more accurate representations of the bulk metal. The emitted electron is clearly seen as vacating a molecular orbital which is localized in the surface layer of the cluster, thereby giving further credence to the model. RHF calculations are completed for Pbl and Bil semiconductor clusters. Blue shifts in optical spectra and geometry changes are shown to be due to quantum size effects. Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to investigate the nature of colloidal particles in the 15 nm diameter size range. Images show a near monodispersion of small gold clusters. A model of the STM tip as a polyatomic crystalline surface is shown to correctly explain observations of anomalous long range order.
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Activation of Methane and Hydrogen by Third Row Transition Metal Ions Rhenium Iridium and Gold written by Fengxia Li and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theoretical Studies of Molecule Surface Scattering written by Astrid J. Cruz Pol and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen in Metals I written by G. Alefeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 1978-08-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen in Semiconductors II written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-05-05 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its inception in 1966, the series of numbered volumes known as Semiconductors and Semimetals has distinguished itself through the careful selection of well-known authors, editors, and contributors. The "Willardson and Beer" Series, as it is widely known, has succeeded in publishing numerous landmark volumes and chapters. Not only did many of these volumes make an impact at the time of their publication, but they continue to be well-cited years after their original release. Recently, Professor Eicke R. Weber of the University of California at Berkeley joined as a co-editor of the series. Professor Weber, a well-known expert in the field of semiconductor materials, will further contribute to continuing the series' tradition of publishing timely, highly relevant, and long-impacting volumes. Some of the recent volumes, such as Hydrogen in Semiconductors, Imperfections in III/V Materials, Epitaxial Microstructures, High-Speed Heterostructure Devices, Oxygen in Silicon, and others promise that this tradition will be maintained and even expanded. Reflecting the truly interdisciplinary nature of the field that the series covers, the volumes in Semiconductors and Semimetals have been and will continue to be of great interest to physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and device engineers in modern industry. Provides the most in-depth coverage of hydrogen in silicon available in a single source Includes an extensive chapter on the neutralization of defects in III*b1V semiconductors Combines both experimental and theoretical studies to form a comprehensive reference
