Download or read book Theoretical Investigation of Catalytic Methane Cracking and Carbon Nanotube Growth written by Jingde Li and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Investigations of the Mechanism of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth by CO Disproportionation Over a Co Mo Catalyst written by José Efraín Herrera and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis written by Franklin Tao and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is a central topic in chemical transformation and energy conversion. Thanks to the spectacular achievements of colloidal chemistry and the synthesis of nanomaterials over the last two decades, there have also been significant advances in nanoparticle catalysis. Catalysis on different metal nanostructures with well-defined structures and composition has been extensively studied. Metal nanocrystals synthesized with colloidal chemistry exhibit different catalytic performances in contrast to metal nanoparticles prepared with impregnation or deposition precipitation. Additionally, theoretical approaches in predicting catalysis performance and understanding catalytic mechanism on these metal nanocatalysts have made significant progress. Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis is a comprehensive text on catalysis on Nanoparticles, looking at both their synthesis and applications. Chapter topics include nanoreactor catalysis; Pd nanoparticles in C-C coupling reactions; metal salt-based gold nanocatalysts; theoretical insights into metal nanocatalysts; and nanoparticle mediated clock reaction. This book bridges the gap between nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and catalysis. As such, this text will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in these exciting fields.
Download or read book Surface Chemistry of Metal Catalyst Under Carbon Nanotube Growth Conditions written by Tyson Cody Back and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalyst nanoparticle is critical to the yield, type, and diameter in the growth and nucleation of carbon nanotubes. The objective of this study is focused on determining what changes take place with the catalyst chemistry under growth conditions typically seen in chemical vapor deposition, CVD, experiments. It is well known that catalyst poisoning can occur and in turn effects the catalytic activity of the nanoparticle. A complete description of this mechanism is as of yet undetermined. In order to elucidate this process iron films were deposited onto Si substrates that contained a support layer of Al2O3 or SiO2. These samples were investigated with various surface chemistry techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). In addition, structural characteristics were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface techniques were used in-situ in order to observe chemistries that might not be observable outside a CVD reactor. Two sets of experiments were performed on the silica and alumina supports. The first consisted of carbon nanotube growth at near atmospheric pressure, while the second was performed under vacuum. The oxide support was shown to have an affect on the type of nanotubes grown under identical conditions. The silica support films produced more MWNT, while the alumina support films produced more SWNT. This difference was due to the amount of ripening that takes place on the oxide supports. Also in-situ XPS revealed differences in the chemistry of iron catalyst during growth and these differences were attributed to substrate interactions between alumina and iron. Finally, in-situ XPS analysis showed no evidence of carbides or oxides acting as a catalyst during the nucleation process.
Download or read book Synthesis of Nanomaterials written by S. Noor Mohammad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the synthesis of nanomaterials with a strong focus on the underlying reaction kinetics and various synthesis mechanisms. It gives a detailed description of all major synthesis routes of many types of novel nanomaterials including nanowires, carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanotubes, carbon nanobelts, nanofibers, nanorings, nanodots and quantum dots. In addition, it articulates the fundamental mechanisms of nanomaterials synthesis via vapor-phase, liquid-phase and solid-phase processes, highlighting the various strengths and weaknesses of each mechanism. This monograph provides the reader with a thorough review of the known state-of-the-art, along with a detailed comparison and analysis of all possible nanomaterials synthesis mechanisms. An important element of the book is how to obtain critical knowledge for controlling the morphology of nanomaterials and thereby fine tune their materials properties. The book is an ideal guide for graduate students and researchers new to the field seeking to establish or enhance their understanding of the physical and chemical fundamentals of nanomaterials synthesis mechanisms.
Download or read book Theoretical Investigation of Small Diameter Carbon Nanotubes written by Zólyomi Viktor and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation Into the Growth of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes written by Timothy Yick and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note is part of Quality testing.
Download or read book Production of Fine Carbon Nanoparticles and Hydrogen rich Gas from Laser thermal Cracking of Methane Using Regenerable Iron Based Catalyst written by Shenghong Qiu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes, having remarkable material properties, hold tremendous potential applications. Among the synthesis methods, cracking of natural gas (methane) is one of the effective ways, which also produces hydrogen without any CO2 emission. The reaction energy in conventional methods is usually supplied by burning some feedstock, which results in low thermal efficiency. A new approach, direct laser irradiation, will give an environmentally clean and efficient process to produce carbon nanoparticles. Some exploratory studies on catalytic laser-thermal cracking of methane were carried out at UTSI. Regenerable iron-based (Fe/Al2O3) catalyst made by soaking-drying technique was employed for the cracking reaction of methane. TGA and electric furnace set-up were also used to evaluate the catalyst. A TEA CO2-laser was employed as a heat source in the laser-based experiments, where different reactor modes, like fluidized- bed, basket and fixed bed reactor, were tried. The experiments on catalyst regeneration were also carried out. Three cycles of cracking/regenerations were tried. The black carbon in final catalyst residues was examined by optical microscope, SEM and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was shown that the laser-based cracking approach could eventually be utilized for the production of carbon nanoparticles and hydrogen-rich gas. However, more additional experiments are needed to find optimal conditions and reactor configurations for cracking reaction and production of carbon nanoparticles.
Download or read book Direct Hydroxylation of Methane written by Kazunari Yoshizawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on theoretical and computational studies by the editor’s group on the direct hydroxylation of methane, which is one of the most challenging subjects in catalyst chemistry. These studies of more than 20 years include gas-phase reactions by transition-metal oxide ions, enzymatic reactions by two types of methane monooxygenase (soluble and particulate MMO), catalytic reactions by metal-exchanged zeolites, and methane C–H activation by metal oxide surfaces. Catalyst chemistry has been mostly empirical and based on enormous experimental efforts. The subject of the title has been tackled using the orbital interaction and computations based on extended Hückel, DFT, and band structure calculations. The strength of the theoretical studies is in the synergy between theory and experiment. Therefore, the group has close contacts with experimentalists in physical chemistry, catalyst chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and surface chemistry. This resulting book will be useful for the theoretical analysis and design of catalysts.
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Download or read book Modelling and Experimental Study of Methane Catalytic Cracking as a Hydrogen Production Technology written by Ashraf Mukhtar Lotfi Amin and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production of hydrogen is primarily achieved via catalytic steam reforming, partial oxidation, and auto-thermal reforming of natural gas. Although these processes are mature technologies, they are somewhat complex and CO is formed as a by-product, therefore requiring a separation process if a pure or hydrogen-rich stream is needed. As an alternative method, supported metal catalysts can be used to catalytically decompose hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen. The process is known as catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons. Methane, the hydrocarbon containing the highest percentage of hydrogen, can be used in such a process to produce a hydrogen-rich stream. The decomposition of methane occurs on the surface of the active metal to produce hydrogen and filamentous carbon. As a result, only hydrogen is produced as a gaseous product, which eliminates the need of further separation processes to separate CO2 or CO. Nickel is commonly used in research as a catalyst for methane cracking in the 500-700C temperature range. To conduct methane catalytic cracking in a continuous manner, regeneration of the deactivated catalyst is required and circulation of the catalysts between cracking and regeneration cycles must be achieved. Different reactor designs have been successfully used in cyclic operation, such as a set of parallel fixed-bed reactors alternating between cracking and regeneration, but catalyst agglomeration due to carbon deposition may lead to blockage of the reactor and elevated pressure drop through the fixed bed. Also poor heat transfer in the fixed bed may lead to elevated temperature during the regeneration step when carbon is burned in air, which may cause catalyst sintering. A fluidized bed reactor appears as a viable option for methane catalytic cracking, since it would permit cyclic operation by moving the catalyst between a cracker and a regenerator. In addition, there is the possibility of using fine catalyst particles, which improves catalyst effectiveness. The aims of this project were 1) to develop and characterize a suitable nickel-based catalyst and 2) to develop a model for thermal catalytic decomposition of methane in a fluidized bed.
Download or read book Catalytic Growth of Single Double and Multi walled Carbon Nanotubes and Studies of Their Potential Applications written by Vijaya Kumar Kayastha and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MWCNTs were successfully integrated into 2D and 3D carbon-micro-electro-mechanical-system posts, as a technique to enhance the power density and energy density of the lithium ion batteries, and in the meantime reducing the size and weight of the batteries. Preliminary results indicated that opening the tips and creating defects in CNTs may be crucial to enhance the battery performance.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing need to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels, chemicals and energy; catalysts are pivotal to such processes. Catalysis highlights major developments in this area. Coverage of this Specialist Periodical Report includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. In each volume, specific areas of current interest are reviewed. Examples of topics include experimental methods, acid/base catalysis, materials synthesis, environmental catalysis, and syngas conversion. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers.
Download or read book Classical And Quantum Dynamics In Condensed Phase Simulations Proceedings Of The International School Of Physics written by Bruce J Berne and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-06-17 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The school held at Villa Marigola, Lerici, Italy, in July 1997 was very much an educational experiment aimed not just at teaching a new generation of students the latest developments in computer simulation methods and theory, but also at bringing together researchers from the condensed matter computer simulation community, the biophysical chemistry community and the quantum dynamics community to confront the shared problem: the development of methods to treat the dynamics of quantum condensed phase systems.This volume collects the lectures delivered there. Due to the focus of the school, the contributions divide along natural lines into two broad groups: (1) the most sophisticated forms of the art of computer simulation, including biased phase space sampling schemes, methods which address the multiplicity of time scales in condensed phase problems, and static equilibrium methods for treating quantum systems; (2) the contributions on quantum dynamics, including methods for mixing quantum and classical dynamics in condensed phase simulations and methods capable of treating all degrees of freedom quantum-mechanically.
Download or read book Photochemical Water Splitting written by Neelu Chouhan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cleavage of water to its constituents (i.e., hydrogen and oxygen) for production of hydrogen energy at an industrial scale is one of the "holy grails" of materials science. That can be done by utilizing the renewable energy resource i.e. sunlight and photocatalytic material. The sunlight and water are abundant and free of cost available at this planet. But the development of a stable, efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic material to split water is still a great challenge. To develop the effective materials for photocatalytic water splitting, various type of materials with different sizes and structures from nano to giant have been explored that includes metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, carbides, nitrides, phosphides, and so on. Fundamental concepts and state of art materials for the water splitting are also discussed to understand the phenomenon/mechanism behind the photoelectrochemical water splitting. This book gives a comprehensive overview and description of the manufacturing of photocatalytic materials and devices for water splitting by controlling the chemical composition, particle size, morphology, orientation and aspect ratios of the materials. The real technological breakthroughs in the development of the photoactive materials with considerable efficiency, are well conversed to bring out the practical aspects of the technique and its commercialization.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: From Nanoscale to Macroscale addresses the advances in nanotechnology that have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. In addition, these simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior, and are thus discussed and demonstrated in this comprehensive book that presents the state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing. The book separates the theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and their composites into atomistic modeling and continuum mechanics-based approaches, including both analytical and numerical ones, along with multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers, signaling that this area of study is ongoing. - Explains modeling approaches to carbon nanotubes, together with their application, strengths and limitations - Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components - Analyzes the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions
Download or read book Microwaves in Catalysis written by Satoshi Horikoshi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-12-14 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview covering the principles and preparation of catalysts, as well as reactor technology and applications in the field of organic synthesis, energy production, and environmental catalysis. Edited and authored by renowned and experienced scientists, this reference focuses on successful reaction procedures for applications in industry. Topics include catalyst preparation, the treatment of waste water and air, biomass and waste valorisation, hydrogen production, oil refining as well as organic synthesis in the presence of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts and continuous-flow reactions. With its practical relevance and successful methodologies, this is a valuable guide for chemists at universities working in the field of catalysis, organic synthesis, pharmaceutical or green chemistry, as well as researchers and engineers in the chemical industry.
