Download or read book X ray Standing Wave Technique The Principles And Applications written by Jorg Zegenhagen and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique is an X-ray interferometric method combining diffraction with a multitude of spectroscopic techniques. It is extremely powerful for obtaining information about virtually all properties of surfaces and interfaces on the atomic scale. However, as with any other technique, it has strengths and limitations. The proper use and necessary understanding of this method requires knowledge in quite different fields of physics and technology. This volume presents comprehensively the theoretical background, technical requirements and distinguished experimental highlights of the technique. Containing contributions from the most prominent experts of the technique, such as Andre Authier, Boris Batterman, Michael J Bedzyk, Jene Golovchenko, Victor Kohn, Michail Kovalchuk, Gerhard Materlik and D Phil Woodruff, the book equips scientists with all the necessary information and knowledge to understand and use the XSW technique in practically all applications.
Download or read book The X ray Standing Wave Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique is an X-ray interferometric method combining diffraction with a multitude of spectroscopic techniques. It is extremely powerful for obtaining information about virtually all properties of surfaces and interfaces on the atomic scale. However, as with any other technique, it has strengths and limitations. The proper use and necessary understanding of this method requires knowledge in quite different fields of physics and technology. This volume presents comprehensively the theoretical background, technical requirements and distinguished experimental highlights of the technique. Containing contributions from the most prominent experts of the technique, such as Andre Authier, Boris Batterman, Michael J Bedzyk, Jene Golovchenko, Victor Kohn, Michail Kovalchuk, Gerhard Materlik and D Phil Woodruff, the book equips scientists with all the necessary information and knowledge to understand and use the XSW technique in practically all applications.
Download or read book The X ray Standing Wave Technique Using Layered Synthetic Microstructures written by Giuseppe Marco Bommarito and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book X Ray Standing Waves on Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The x-ray standing wave technique is a sensitive tool for determining the position of atoms within a crystal, adsorbed onto a surface or distributed within the crystal or at the interface. The technique is based on the x-ray standing wave field that arises as a result of the interference of coherently related incident and reflected plane waves and is described by the theory of dynamical diffraction of x-rays. When two coherently related traveling plane waves having the same wavelength pass through each other their superposition results in a standing wave of period D = lambda/2 sin theta; where lambda is the wavelength of the traveling waves, and 2 theta is the relative angle between them. The generation of a standing wave requires both an incident and a reflected wave and the letter can be generated by either Bragg diffraction or total external reflection.
Download or read book Development of the X ray Standing Waves Methodology to Probe the Interfaces of Periodic Multilayers written by Meiyi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interfacial information of periodic multilayers can be crucial for the development of reflecting mirrors which operate in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (X-EUV) ranges. Such information may contain the interdiffusion and chemical process at the interfaces of the layers. The idea of this thesis is to apply the X-ray standing wave technique to the characterization of materials, mainly but not limited to the periodic multilayers. X-ray standing wave technique enables to enhance the excitation (photoemission, fluorescence etc.) of specific locations within a periodic stack. The nature of such advantage is the interference of two coherent X-ray beams. One may compare the X-ray standing waves with the mechanical standing waves. The constructive interference at the anti-nodal plane amplifies the electric field; while the destructive interference at the nodal plane minimizes the electric field. In this way, the experimental spectra obtained under standing wave field will be mostly the material located on the anti-nodal plane. Combined with other techniques such as X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a depth-selective information with a sub-nanoscale sensitivity can be obtained.
Download or read book X Ray Diffraction written by Oliver H. Seeck and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-resolution x-ray diffraction and scattering is a key tool for structure analysis not only in bulk materials but also at surfaces and buried interfaces from the sub-nanometer range to micrometers. This book offers an overview of diffraction and scattering methods currently available at modern synchrotron sources and illustrates bulk and interface investigations of solid and liquid matter with up-to-date research examples. It presents important characteristics of the sources, experimental set-up, and new detector developments. The book also considers future exploitation of x-ray free electron lasers for diffraction applications.
Download or read book Total Reflection X Ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods written by Reinhold Klockenkämper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the uses of TXRF in micro- and trace analysis, and in surface- and near-surface-layer analysis • Pinpoints new applications of TRXF in different fields of biology, biomonitoring, material and life sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, art history, and archaeometry • Updated and detailed sections on sample preparation taking into account nano- and picoliter techniques • Offers helpful tips on performing analyses, including sample preparations, and spectra recording and interpretation • Includes some 700 references for further study
Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction written by André Authier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the proceedings of the 23rd International Course of Crystallography, entitled "X-ray and Neutron Dynamical Diffraction, Theory and Applications," which took place in the fascinating setting of Erice in Sicily, Italy. It was run as a NATO Advanced Studies Institute with A. Authier (France) and S. Lagomarsino (Italy) as codirectors, and L. Riva di Sanseverino and P. Spadon (Italy) as local organizers, R. Colella (USA) and B. K. Tanner (UK) being the two other members of the organizing committee. It was attended by about one hundred participants from twenty four different countries. Two basic theories may be used to describe the diffraction of radiation by crystalline matter. The first one, the so-called geometrical, or kinematical theory, is approximate and is applicable to small, highly imperfect crystals. It is used for the determination of crystal structures and describes the diffraction of powders and polycrystalline materials. The other one, the so-called dynamical theory, is applicable to perfect or nearly perfect crystals. For that reason, dynamical diffraction of X-rays and neutrons constitutes the theoretical basis of a great variety of applications such as: • the techniques used for the characterization of nearly perfect high technology materials, semiconductors, piezoelectric, electrooptic, ferroelectric, magnetic crystals, • the X-ray optical devices used in all modem applications of Synchrotron Radiation (EXAFS, High Resolution X-ray Diffractometry, magnetic and nuclear resonant scattering, topography, etc. ), and • X-ray and neutron interferometry.
Download or read book Handbook of Spectroscopy written by G¿nter Gauglitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a straightforward introduction to spectroscopy, showing what it can do and how it does it, together with a clear, integrated and objective account of the wealth of information that can be derived from spectra. The sequence of chapters covers a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the physical processes involved, from nuclear phenomena to molecular rotation processes. - A day-by-day laboratory guide: its design based on practical knowledge of spectroscopists at universities, industries and research institutes - A well-structured information source containing methods and applications sections framed by sections on general topics - Guides users to a decision about which spectroscopic method and which instrumentation will be the most appropriate to solve their own practical problem - Rapid access to essential information - Correct analysis of a huge number of measured spectra data and smart use of such information sources as databases and spectra libraries
Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Structure Analysis in Materials Science written by J. Hasek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few decades, crystallography has become a wide and economically important field of science with many interesting applications in materials research, in different branches of physics, chemistry, geology, pharmacology, biochemistry, electronics, in many technological processes, machinery, heavy industry, etc. Twenty Nobel prizes awarded for achieve ments belonging to this· field only underline its distinction. Crystallo graphy has become a commonly used term, but - like a whale - it is much easier to recognize than to describe because of an extreme diversity of sub jects involved which range from highly sophisticated theories to the develop ment of routine technological processes or testing of materials in produc tion. It is apparent that only some aspects of selected topics could be included on a single occasion. The conference "ADVANCED METHODS IN X-RAY AND NEUTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS" held in Karlovy Vary (Czechoslovakia) on October 5-9, 1987, was intended to cover the most important crystallographic aspects of ma terials science. The conference was attended by 250 people from 16 countries (Belgium,Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, FRG, GDR, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, USA, USSR and Yugoslavia).
Download or read book Variable Length Scale Studies at Interfaces with X Ray Standing Waves written by H. D. Abruna and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principles and applications of the x-ray standing wave technique are described. Emphasis is placed on its use as a variable length-scale probe for the study of structure composition and distribution of interfacial species especially at solid/liquid interfaces. Keywords: X rays, Synchrotron radiation, Standing waves, Solid liquid interfaces. (jhd).
Download or read book X ray Absorption Fine Structure for Catalysts and Surfaces written by Yasuhiro Iwasawa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) is a powerful technique in characterization of structures and electronic states of materials in many research fields including, e.g., catalysts, semiconductors, optical ingredients, magnetic materials, and surfaces. This characterization technique could be applied in a static or a dynamic state (in-situ condition). The XAFS can provide information that is not accessible by other techniques for characterization of materials, particularly catalysts and related surfaces. Furthermore, XAFS can provide a molecular-level approach to the study of reaction mechanisms for the understanding of catalysts and development of new catalysts. A number of synchrotron radiation facilities have been planned to be built in Asian countries in addition to the high-brilliant synchrotron radiation facilities under construction in the USA, Europe, and Japan. The applications of XAFS have now expanded to catalytic chemistry and engineering, surface science, organometallic chemistry, materials science, solid-state chemistry, geophysics, etc. This book caters to a wide range of researchers and students working in the domain or related topics.
Download or read book X Ray Multiple Wave Diffraction written by Shih-Lin Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray multiple-wave diffraction, sometimes called multiple diffraction or N-beam diffraction, results from the scattering of X-rays from periodic two or higher-dimensional structures, like 2-d and 3-d crystals and even quasi crystals. The interaction of the X-rays with the periodic arrangement of atoms usually provides structural information about the scatterer. Unlike the usual Bragg reflection, the so-called two-wave diffraction, the multiply diffracted intensities are sensitive to the phases of the structure factors in volved. This gives X-ray multiple-wave diffraction the chance to solve the X-ray phase problem. On the other hand, the condition for generating an X ray multiple-wave diffraction is much more strict than in two-wave cases. This makes X-ray multiple-wave diffraction a useful technique for precise measure ments of crystal lattice constants and the wavelength of radiation sources. Recent progress in the application of this particular diffraction technique to surfaces, thin films, and less ordered systems has demonstrated the diver sity and practicability of the technique for structural research in condensed matter physics, materials sciences, crystallography, and X-ray optics. The first book on this subject, Multiple Diffraction of X-Rays in Crystals, was published in 1984, and intended to give a contemporary review on the fundamental and application aspects of this diffraction.
Download or read book Specific Ion Effects written by Werner Kunz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. They have been discussed for over 100 years, ever since the pioneering work done by Franz Hofmeister and his group in Prague. Over the last decades, hundreds of examples have been published and periodically explanations have been proposed. However, it is only recently that a profound understanding of the basic effects and their reasons could be achieved. Today, we are not far from a general explanation of specific ion effects. This book summarizes the main new ideas that have come up in the last ten years. In this book, the efforts of theoreticians are substantially supported by the experimental results stemming from new and exciting techniques. Both the new theoretical concepts and the experimental landmarks are collected and critically discussed by eminent scientists and well-known specialists in this field. Beyond the rigorous explanations, guidelines are given to non-specialists in order to help them understand the general rules governing specific ion effects in chemistry, biology, physics and engineering.
Download or read book Surface Science Techniques written by Gianangelo Bracco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the experimental techniques employed to study surfaces and interfaces. The emphasis is on the experimental method. Therefore all chapters start with an introduction of the scientific problem, the theory necessary to understand how the technique works and how to understand the results. Descriptions of real experimental setups, experimental results at different systems are given to show both the strength and the limits of the technique. In a final part the new developments and possible extensions of the techniques are presented. The included techniques provide microscopic as well as macroscopic information. They cover most of the techniques used in surface science.
Download or read book Synchrotron Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry written by C.A. Melendres and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal, December 14--18, 1992
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science written by Chunhai Fan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the long-felt need for in-depth information on one of the most advanced material characterization methods, a top team of editors and authors from highly prestigious facilities and institutions covers a range of synchrotron techniques that have proven useful for materials research. Following an introduction to synchrotron radiation and its sources, the second part goes on to describe the various techniques that benefit from this especially bright light, including X-ray absorption, diffraction, scattering, imaging, and lithography. The thrid and final part provides an overview of the applications of synchrotron radiation in materials science. bridging the gap between specialists in synchrotron research and material scientists, this is a unique and indispensable resource for academic and industrial researchers alike.
