Download or read book The World of Ladoga written by Jukka Korpela and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2008 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is one of the first to focus on Medieval and Early Modern state formation on the north-eastern periphery of Europe. Researchers have traditionally perceived an East-West conflict between Sweden and Novgorod concerning the late medieval colonization of the northern forest areas, but it seems that the East Fennoscandian boreal forest zone was not an unpopulated area at that time, but was a landscape inhabited by heterogeneous hunting and fishing populations and possessing another kind of culture. The ways of life of these populations can be observed by coordinating various bodies of palaeoecological, palaeobotanic, genetic, meteorological, folkloristic, philological and archaeological material. The traditional written sources did not extend to this area, and its nature is only reflected in the expansion and organization of the European Christian culture and power, both Russian and Swedish. Also, the increasing number of source documents, the growing population as reflected in those written documents and the expansion of arable cultivation do not indicate any real colonization but simply a change of the existing economic system from a semi-nomadic hunting and fishing economy to a field-based agriculture in response to the expansion of regular taxation and state control. Seen from this perspective, the people who earlier were invisible gradually become visible in the sources. The East Fennoscandian boreal forest zone was a European periphery during the Viking Age, but was connected to the European exchange of goods through the same waterways that also brought the first Christian cultural impact. The European economic crisis of the 14th Century nevertheless excluded the area from the late medieval process of state formation, and it became an object of both Muscovite and Swedish interests only after the end of the 15th Century. This meant the formation of parishes, the organization of an early local administration with regular taxation, the permanent stationing of military forces, the establishment of a physical border, and the assimilation of the local people into European culture, accompanied by marginalization of the traditional forms of life.

Download or read book A Gazetteer of the World written by and published by . This book was released on 1859 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Universal Gazetteer written by William Darby and published by . This book was released on 1845 with total page 1026 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kalevala written by Elias Lönnrot and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'One of the great mythic poems of Europe' The New York Times Sharing its title with the poetic name for Finland - 'the land of heroes' - Kalevala is the soaring epic poem of its people, a work rich in magic and myth which tells the story of a nation through the ages from the dawn of creation. Sung by rural Finns since prehistoric times, and formally compiled by Elias Lönnrot in the nineteenth century, it is a landmark of Finnish culture and played a vital role in galvanizing its national identity in the decades leading to independence. Its themes, however, reach beyond borders and search the heart of human existence. Translated with an Introduction by Eino Friberg

Download or read book Lippincott s Gazetteer of the World written by J.B. Lippincott Company and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page 2934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Book of the World written by Richard Swainson Fisher and published by . This book was released on 1849 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lippincott s Gazetteer of the World written by Joseph Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 1542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Marine Mammals of the World written by Marc A. Webber and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of Marine Mammals of the World describes and illustrates newly discovered and rarely photographed species, making it the most comprehensive and up-to-date identification guide available. This edition continues to meet the research-focused needs of marine biologists and conservation biologists by providing a tremendous influx of new photos, taking advantage of advances in digital and auto-focusing photography, and the emergence of marine mammal studies and "whalewatching" around the world. The book encompasses cetacean, pinniped, and sirenian species, as well as extinct species, and describes basic biology and taxonomic groupings of marine mammals. Contains superb photographs of every species of marine mammal for accurate identification Authors possess nearly 80 years of collective experience with almost all of the species and distinctive geographic forms described in the guide Provides the most detailed and anatomically accurate illustrations currently available, including more than 750 new illustrations Special emphasis is placed on the identification of species in "problem groups," such as the beaked whales, long-beaked oceanic dolphins, and southern fur seals Includes a detailed list of sources for more information Contains updated taxonomy including four new species

Download or read book Universal Gazetteer of the World written by Darby, William and published by . This book was released on 1852 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The World s Columbian Exposition written by United States. World's Columbian Commission and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From the Inside written by Slava Lapin and published by Luniver Press. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book cumulates numerous observations made by the author during more than five decades. This period includes the Second World war, the siege of Leningrad (1941-44), postwar years in the secondary school and at the Medical Institute, the dark time of dictatorship of the Communist party and Soviet power, discriminations, the violation of human rights, anti-Semitism, the aggressive behavior against foreigners, thaw, perestroika, the breakdown of illusions and hopes, chaos of a wild capitalism, a formation of the society of rich new-Russians. The author had focused his attention on those episodes representing the Traits of his Epoch. The author's life was very rich in meeting and friendly relations with many distinguished personalities. In science (Nobel Laureates Julius Axelrod and Daniel Bovet), in music (Dmitri Shostakovich and Genrich Neigaus), in art (Solomon Gershov), in literature (Igor Guberman). Friendship with Andrei Sakharov, the leader of struggle for Human Rights, Nobel Laureate for Peace, during fifteen years enriched the author enormously. The unique book demonstrates the treasures of the human dignity resistant to numerous pressures of the regime. Without such books the past is growing dim.

Download or read book A Gazetteer of the World Hensburrow Lurin written by and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Pictorial Geography of the World written by Samuel Griswold Goodrich and published by . This book was released on 1841 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pictorial Geography of the World Old world written by Samuel Griswold Goodrich and published by . This book was released on 1856 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journals written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journals of the House of Commons of Canada written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journals of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: