Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalysis written by C.M. Starks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1971 when useful working concepts for the technique of phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) were introduced, the understanding, development, and applica tions of this method for conducting organic reactions has expanded exponentially. PTC has brought vast new dimensions and options to chemists and chemical engineers. From its use in less than ten commercial processes in 1975, PTC use has increased so that in the early 1990s it is involved in more than 600 industrial applications to manufacture products valued at between 10 and 20 billion U.S. dollars. PTC is widely used for simple organic reactions, steps in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, ftavorants, and dyes; for specialty polymerization reactions, polymer modifications, and monomer synthe sis; for pollution and environmental control processes; for analysis oftrace organic and inorganic compounds; and for many other applications. Often, PTC offers the best (and sometimes only) practical technique to obtain certain products. The authors experience in teaching a short course on phase-transfer catalysis has shown to us that a newcomer to PTC can easily be frustrated and confused by the large amount of information available in the literature and in patents. The purpose of this book, therefore, was to bring this information together in a logical and user-friendly way, without sacrificing matters of scholarly and fundamental importance.

Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalysis in Organic Synthesis written by William P. Weber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of phase transfer catalysis is a tribute to the chemists involved in process development research. Phase transfer catalysis is a solution to numerous cost and yield problems encountered regularly in industrial laboratories. In fact, much of the early work in this area was conducted by industrial chemists although the work was not labelled phase transfer catalysis at the time. We certainly do not intend to minimize the contributions of academic chemists to this field, but it is an unalterable fact that much of the early understanding and many of the early advances came from industrial laboratories. A special tribute is due to Dr. Charles Starks of the Continental Oil Company. By the mid sixties, Starks had formulated the principles of phase transfer catalysis and had applied for patents on many reactions that others were later to examine in somewhat greater detail. His mechanistic model of phase transfer catalysis still stands up well today and is a model for much of the thinking in this area. It is fitting that Starks suggested the name "phase transfer catalysis" by which the whole field is now known. We wish to thank a number of people who have aided us in many ways in the preparation of this volume. We very much appreciate the helpful discussions and insights provided by Drs. Henry Stevens and Andrew Kaman of PPG Industries in Barberton, Ohio. We also thank Dr. L. A.

Download or read book Handbook of Phase Transfer Catalysis written by Y. Sasson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase transfer catalysis is a sophisticated chemical technique which can be used to perform a variety of chemical reactions under mild conditions and with improved control. Since the concept was developed, both the theoretical and practical synthetic applications have seen considerable development, to the point where the technique can be applied to many areas of chemistry. Thus, phase transfer methods are now utilized in many applications, from research chemistry to full-scale production, where the benefits of faster, cleaner and more selective reactions are required. In this new book, the editors have brought together a range of contributors, each of whom is working at the forefront of the technology, to provide a clear, concise and ahtoritative review of this important area of chemistry. Industrial and academic chemists working on the synthesis, scale-up, production or analysis of a wide range of chemical products will find this book an essential reference on phase transfer technology.

Download or read book Phase Transfer Catalysis written by Charles Liotta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase Transfer Catalysis: Principles and Techniques outlines the theory, mechanism, and kinetics of the phase transfer catalysis (PTC) process. This book surveys the principal reaction types that have employed the PTC, including the typical experimental procedures for preparing catalysts and conducting representative types of chemical reactions. This compilation discusses the transfer of anions from aqueous to organic phases, macrocyclic ethers as phase transfer catalysts, halide displacement reactions, and Darzen's reaction with chloroacetonitrile. The dihalocarbene insertion reactions into C-H bonds, Wittig reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and phase transfer catalyzed oxidation and reduction reactions are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the deuterium exchange of active hydrogens and thiolation with organic thiocyanates. This publication is beneficial to chemists and students studying the principles and techniques related to PTC.

Download or read book Microscale Organic Laboratory written by Dana W. Mayo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-12 with total page 1049 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a laboratory text for the mainstream organic chemistry course taught at both two and four year schools, featuring both microscale experiments and options for scaling up appropriate experiments for use in the macroscale lab. It provides complete coverage of organic laboratory experiments and techniques with a strong emphasis on modern laboratory instrumentation, a sharp focus on safety in the lab, excellent pre- and post-lab exercises, and multi-step experiments. Notable enhancements to this new edition include inquiry-driven experimentation, validation of the purification process, and the implementation of greener processes (including microwave use) to perform traditional experimentation.

Download or read book Organic Functional Group Preparations written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Chemistry, Second Edition, Volume I: Organic Functional Group Preparations provides a convenient and useful source of reliable preparative procedures for the most common functional groups. This book discusses the preparations of each group that are subdivided into different reaction types, including elimination, condensation, and oxidation and reduction reactions. Organized into 21 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the reduction methods that allow the preparation of hydrocarbon of known structure. This text then explores the acid-catalyzed of thermal elimination of water from alcohols, which is a common laboratory method for the preparation of olefins. Other chapters consider the two most significant synthetic methods for introducing an acetylenic group into the molecule, which involve the elimination of hydrogen halides. This book discusses as well the importance of oxidation reactions. The final chapter deals with sulfonation reactions. This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists and research workers.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry for Synthesis written by Peter J. Harrington and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a need to explain that generic versions of a drug may not be manufactured by the same process as brand-name drugs and that the different processes may have dramatically different environmental impacts. Two global forces are at odds today—the push for "greener" processes and the push for lower drug prices. This book brings this conflict into sharp focus by discussing in detail the published process chemistry for top-selling small molecule drugs. Providing insights about process route selection, choice of reagents, and reaction conditions, Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry for Synthesis guides process chemists in identifying best processes for manufacturing these blockbuster drugs as they lose patent protection. Further, it highlights the strategies and methodology that might be useful for expediting the process research and development of the blockbusters of the future. Written from a refreshingly objective perspective, this book is essential for process chemists who need to devise practical syntheses for increasingly complex drugs in a constantly decreasing time frame.

Download or read book Green Chemistry written by V.K. Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a large number of organic reactions performed under green conditions, which were earlier performed using anhydrous conditions and various volatile organic solvents. The conditions used involve green solvents like water, super critical carbon dioxide, ionic liquids, polymer-supported reagents, polyethylene glycol and perfluorous liquids. A number of reactions have been conducted in solid state without using any solvent. Most of the reactions have been conducted under microwave irradiations and sonication. In large number of reactions, catalysts like phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and biocatalysts have been used. Providing the protocols that every laboratory should adopt, this book elaborates the principles of green chemistry and discusses the planning and preparations required to convert to green laboratory techniques. It includes applications relevant to practicing researchers, students and environmental chemists. This book is useful for students (graduate and postgraduate), researchers and industry professionals in the area of chemical engineering, chemistry and allied fields.

Download or read book Handbook on Applications of Ultrasound written by Dong Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonic irradiation and the associated sonochemical and sonophysical effects are complementary techniques for driving more efficient chemical reactions and yields. Sonochemistry—the chemical effects and applications of ultrasonic waves—and sustainable (green) chemistry both aim to use less hazardous chemicals and solvents, reduce energy consumption, and increase product selectivity. A comprehensive collection of knowledge, Handbook on Applications of Ultrasound covers the most relevant aspects linked to and linking green chemistry practices to environmental sustainability through the uses and applications of ultrasound-mediated and ultrasound-assisted biological, biochemical, chemical, and physical processes. Chapters are presented in the areas of: Medical applications Drug and gene delivery Nanotechnology Food technology Synthetic applications and organic chemistry Anaerobic digestion Environmental contaminants degradation Polymer chemistry Industrial syntheses and processes Reactor design Electrochemical systems Combined ultrasound−microwave technologies While the concepts of sonochemistry have been known for more than 80 years, in-depth understanding of this phenomenon continues to evolve. Through a review of the current status of chemical and physical science and engineering in developing more environmentally friendly and less toxic synthetic processes, this book highlights many existing applications and the enormous potential of ultrasound technology to upgrade present industrial, agricultural, and environmental processes.

Download or read book Organic Synthesis written by Michael Smith and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-22 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Synthesis, Fourth Edition, provides a reaction-based approach to this important branch of organic chemistry. Updated and accessible, this eagerly-awaited revision offers a comprehensive foundation for graduate students coming from disparate backgrounds and knowledge levels, to provide them with critical working knowledge of basic reactions, stereochemistry and conformational principles. This reliable resource uniquely incorporates molecular modeling content, problems, and visualizations, and includes reaction examples and homework problems drawn from the latest in the current literature. In the Fourth Edition, the organization of the book has been improved to better serve students and professors and accommodate important updates in the field. The first chapter reviews basic retrosynthesis, conformations and stereochemistry. The next three chapters provide an introduction to and a review of functional group exchange reactions; these are followed by chapters reviewing protecting groups, oxidation and reduction reactions and reagents, hydroboration, selectivity in reactions. A separate chapter discusses strategies of organic synthesis, and he book then delves deeper in teaching the reactions required to actually complete a synthesis. Carbon-carbon bond formation reactions using both nucleophilic carbon reactions are presented, and then electrophilic carbon reactions, followed by pericyclic reactions and radical and carbene reactions. The important organometallic reactions have been consolidated into a single chapter. Finally, the chapter on combinatorial chemistry has been removed from the strategies chapter and placed in a separate chapter, along with valuable and forward-looking content on green organic chemistry, process chemistry and continuous flow chemistry. Throughout the text, Organic Synthesis, Fourth Edition utilizes Spartan-generated molecular models, class tested content, and useful pedagogical features to aid student study and retention, including Chapter Review Questions, and Homework Problems. A full Solutions Manual is also available online for qualified instructors, to support teaching. - Winner, 2018 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association - Fully revised and updated throughout, and organized into 19 chapters for a more cogent and versatile presentation of concepts - Includes reaction examples taken from literature research reported between 2010-2015 - Features new full-color art and new chapter content on process chemistry and green organic chemistry - Offers valuable study and teaching tools, including Chapter Review Questions and Homework Problems for students; Solutions Manual for qualified course instructors

Download or read book March s Advanced Organic Chemistry written by Michael B. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 2146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completely revised and updated, definitive resource for students and professionals in organic chemistry The revised and updated 8th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure explains the theories of organic chemistry with examples and reactions. This book is the most comprehensive resource about organic chemistry available. Readers are guided on the planning and execution of multi-step synthetic reactions, with detailed descriptions of all the reactions The opening chapters of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition deal with the structure of organic compounds and discuss important organic chemistry bonds, fundamental principles of conformation, and stereochemistry of organic molecules, and reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. Further coverage concerns general principles of mechanism in organic chemistry, including acids and bases, photochemistry, sonochemistry and microwave irradiation. The relationship between structure and reactivity is also covered. The final chapters cover the nature and scope of organic reactions and their mechanisms. This edition: Provides revised examples and citations that reflect advances in areas of organic chemistry published between 2011 and 2017 Includes appendices on the literature of organic chemistry and the classification of reactions according to the compounds prepared Instructs the reader on preparing and conducting multi-step synthetic reactions, and provides complete descriptions of each reaction The 8th edition of March's Advanced Organic Chemistry proves once again that it is a must-have desktop reference and textbook for every student and professional working in organic chemistry or related fields. Winner of the Textbook & Acadmic Authors Association 2021 McGuffey Longevity Award.

Download or read book Science of Synthesis Houben Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations Vol 8b written by Marek Majewski and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 1293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations is the entirely new edition of the acclaimed reference series, Houben-Weyl, the standard synthetic chemistry resource since 1909. This new edition is published in English and will comprise 48 volumes published between the years 2000 and 2008. Science of Synthesis is a quality reference work developed by a highly esteemed editorial board to provide a comprehensive and critical selection of reliable organic and organometallic synthetic methods. This unique resource is designed to be the first point of reference when searching for a synthesis strategy. Contains the expertise of presently 400 leading chemists worldwide Critically evaluates the preparative applicability and significance of the synthetic methods Discusses relevant background information and provides detailed experimental procedures For full information on the Science of Synthesis series, visit the Science of Synthesis Homepage.

Download or read book Heterocycles from Carbenes and Nitrenes written by Michael P. Doyle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-09 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers in the fields of organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry and homogeneous catalysis with an overview of recent developments in the applications of reactions involving carbene and nitrene intermediates directed to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Multiple pathways through which diverse heterocyclic compounds are accessed occur from a variety of carbene and nitrene precursors through C-H/X-H insertions, cycloadditions, ylide transformations, rearrangements, and cascade reactions. Catalytic processes that form metallo-carbenes and nitrenes offer unparalleled chemo-, regio-, and stereo-selectivities. Insights are provided into the scope of these methodologies and the inherent control of catalyst ligands on reaction selectivities.

Download or read book Methodologies in Ether Synthesis written by Zahra Taherinia and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2024-08-16 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethers and crown ethers are important structural parts of many man-made or natural organic materials with medicinal, agrochemical or technological attributes. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted for developing novel ether synthesis methods. This book summarizes recent advances in synthesizing dialkyl, alkyl aryl, diaryl, cyclic, and crown ethers. It also discusses their substantial applications in various fields such as organic synthesis, ionic liquids, protecting groups, photoswitchable catalysis, phase transfer catalysts, solvents, biological functionality, anticancer properties and antimicrobial effects, drug delivery, and biofuels. Providing an invaluable reference for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers interested in organic chemistry, it also contributes to the literature for chemical researchers working in industry.

Download or read book Strategic Applications of Named Reactions in Organic Synthesis written by Laszlo Kurti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-04-29 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurti and Czako have produced an indispensable tool for specialists and non-specialists in organic chemistry. This innovative reference work includes 250 organic reactions and their strategic use in the synthesis of complex natural and unnatural products. Reactions are thoroughly discussed in a convenient, two-page layout--using full color. Its comprehensive coverage, superb organization, quality of presentation, and wealth of references, make this a necessity for every organic chemist. - The first reference work on named reactions to present colored schemes for easier understanding - 250 frequently used named reactions are presented in a convenient two-page layout with numerous examples - An opening list of abbreviations includes both structures and chemical names - Contains more than 10,000 references grouped by seminal papers, reviews, modifications, and theoretical works - Appendices list reactions in order of discovery, group by contemporary usage, and provide additional study tools - Extensive index quickly locates information using words found in text and drawings

Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Reagents for Organic Synthesis written by André B. Charette and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook is a compilation of 99 articles on diverse reagents and catalysts that describe the synthesis of heteroarenes, the building blocks of a wide range of chemicals used in pharma and chemical industries. Articles are selected from the e-EROS database and edited to make sure that it includes only the material relevant to the topic of the book and focus on the synthetic aspects. This makes the articles very focused on the needs of readers wanting information on specific syntheses of specific heteroarenes. In addition, the chemistry of each parent heteroarene is also included to ensure that the reader rapidly finds important information. The Handbook is a part of the Handbook of Reagents for Organic Chemistry series, aiming at collecting articles on a particular theme that individual researchers in academia or industry can use on a daily basis.