Download or read book The Vietnam War Debate and the Cold War Consensus written by Patrick E. Proctor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both Presidents Johnson and Nixon used the ideology of military containment of Communism to justify U.S. military intervention in Vietnam. Until 1968, opponents of this intervention attacked the ideology of containment or its application to Vietnam. In 1968, opponents of the war switched tactics and began to focus instead on the President's credibility. These arguments quickly became the dominant critique of the war through its end and were ultimately successful in ending it. The Gulf of Tonkin incident and the Tonkin Gulf Resolution were central to the change of opposition strategy in 1968. For Johnson, the Gulf of Tonkin incident had provided the political impetus to pass the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which the administration used as an insurance policy against Congressional dissent. For Congressional dissenters in 1968, inconsistencies in Johnson's version of the Gulf of Tonkin incident allowed them to undermine the Resolution as a weapon against Congress. For the American people, revelations about the administration's dishonesty during the incident simply added to grave doubts that Americans already had about Johnson's credibility; the American people lost confidence in Johnson, ending his Presidency. The dramatic success of this new strategy--attacking the administration's credibility--encouraged other opponents to follow suit, permanently altering the framework of debate over the war. This change in opposition strategy in 1968 had a number of important consequences. First, this change in rhetoric ultimately ended the war. To sustain his credibility against relentless attack, President Nixon repeatedly withdrew troops to prove to the American people he was ending the war. Nixon ran out of troops to withdraw and had to accept an unfavorable peace. Second, after the war, this framework for debate of military interventions established--between advocates using the ideology of containment and opponents attacking the administration's credibility--would reemerge nearly every time an administration contemplated military intervention through the end of the Cold War. Finally, because opponents of military intervention stopped challenging containment in 1968, the American public continued to accept the precepts of containment and the Cold War consensus survived until the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
Download or read book Making Sense of the Vietnam Wars written by Mark Philip Bradley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making sense of the wars for Vietnam has had a long history. The question "why Vietnam?" dominated American and Vietnamese political life for much of the length of the wars and has continued to be asked in the decades since they ended. This volume brings together the work of eleven scholars to examine the conceptual and methodological shifts that have marked the contested terrain of Vietnam War scholarship. Editors Marilyn Young and Mark Bradley's superb group of renowned contributors spans the generations--including those who were active during wartime, along with scholars conducting research in Vietnamese sources and uncovering new sources in the United States, former Soviet Union, China, and Eastern and Western Europe. Ranging in format from top-down reconsiderations of critical decision-making moments in Washington, Hanoi, and Saigon, to microhistories of the war that explore its meanings from the bottom up, these essays comprise the most up-to-date collection of scholarship on the controversial historiography of the Vietnam Wars.
Download or read book American Leadership in World Affairs written by Ole R. Holsti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-27 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1984, provides a wealth of original evidence that explores not only the impact of the Vietnam War on the beliefs of American leaders – the ‘lessons’ they believed had been learnt by Americans from the conflict in Vietnam.
Download or read book Vietnam the Necessary War written by Michael Lind and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1999 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of America's leading intellectuals presents a startling thesis sure to provoke controversy: that the Vietnam War was the right war at the right time--with the wrong military strategy.
Download or read book The Debate Over Vietnam written by David W. Levy and published by . This book was released on 1995-10 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Levy's prose is eminently readable, his focus always clear, the connections between major points always apparent, and his tempo just right." -- American Studies International
Download or read book Legacy written by D. Michael Shafer and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 1992-02-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fourteen essays documenting the Vietnam War's impact and continuing influence on American life, particularly on cinema, literature, the black community, and the combat veteran." --Booklist
Download or read book To Reason why written by Jeffrey P. Kimball and published by McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages. This book was released on 1990 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why did America become involved in the quagmire of Vietnam? These readings break new ground in covering and analyzing the multifaceted debate over why the U.S. intervened, diplomatically and militarily, in Southeast Asia between 1945 and 1975.
Download or read book The US Air Force after Vietnam postwar challenges and potential for responses written by Donald J. Mrozek and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book probes various groups of Americans as they come to grips with the consequences of the Vietnam War. Dr. Mrozek examines several areas of concern facing the United States Air Force, and the other services in varying degrees, in the years after Vietnam.
Download or read book Casualties and Consensus written by Eric Victor Larson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 1996 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Casualties and Consensus is a revealing new study of U.S. public opinion on U.S. military operations. Based upon an examination of U.S. experiences in the Second World War, Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf, Panama, and Somalia, it finds that, contrary to widely held belief, public support for U.S. military operations does not respond to casualties alone but ultimately reflects a sensible weighing of ends and means that is greatly influenced by events and conditions on the battlefield and by U.S. political leaders in Washington. Casualties and Consensus is an important and insightful discussion of the recurring patterns in the American public's support for wars and military operations, and seems certain to provoke renewed discussion and debate in U.S. academic, political and military circles about the prospects for a post-Cold War consensus on the role of force in American foreign policy.
Download or read book America s Cold War written by Campbell Craig and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-14 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A creative, carefully researched, and incisive analysis of U.S. strategy during the long struggle against the Soviet Union.” —Stephen M. Walt, Foreign Policy “Craig and Logevall remind us that American foreign policy is decided as much by domestic pressures as external threats. America’s Cold War is history at its provocative best.” —Mark Atwood Lawrence, author of The Vietnam War The Cold War dominated world affairs during the half century following World War II. America prevailed, but only after fifty years of grim international struggle, costly wars in Korea and Vietnam, trillions of dollars in military spending, and decades of nuclear showdowns. Was all of that necessary? In this new edition of their landmark history, Campbell Craig and Fredrik Logevall engage with recent scholarship on the late Cold War, including the Reagan and Bush administrations and the collapse of the Soviet regime, and expand their discussion of the nuclear revolution and origins of the Vietnam War. Yet they maintain their original argument: that America’s response to a very real Soviet threat gave rise to a military and political system in Washington that is addicted to insecurity and the endless pursuit of enemies to destroy. America’s Cold War speaks vividly to debates about forever wars and threat inflation at the center of American politics today.
Download or read book The Long War written by Andrew J. Bacevich and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays by a diverse and distinguished group of historians, political scientists, and sociologists examine the alarms, emergencies, controversies, and confusions that have characterized America's Cold War, the post-Cold War interval of the 1990s, and today's "Global War on Terror." This "Long War" has left its imprint on virtually every aspect of American life; by considering it as a whole, The Long War is the first volume to take a truly comprehensive look at America's response to the national-security crisis touched off by the events of World War II. Contributors consider topics ranging from grand strategy and strategic bombing to ideology and economics and assess the changing American way of war and Hollywood's surprisingly consistent depiction of Americans at war. They evaluate the evolution of the national-security apparatus and the role of dissenters who viewed the myriad activities of that apparatus with dismay. They take a fresh look at the Long War's civic implications and its impact on civil-military relations. More than a military history, The Long War examines the ideas, policies, and institutions that have developed since the United States claimed the role of global superpower. This protracted crisis has become a seemingly permanent, if not defining aspect of contemporary American life. In breaking down the old and artificial boundaries that have traditionally divided the postwar period into neat historical units, this volume provides a better understanding of the evolution of the United States and U.S. policy since World War II and offers a fresh perspective on our current national security predicament.
Download or read book Ending the Vietnam War written by Henry Kissinger and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2003-02-11 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now, for the first time, Kissinger gives us in a single volume an in-depth, inside view of the Vietnam War, personally collected, annotated, revised, and updated from his bestselling memoirs and his book Diplomacy. Many other authors have written about what they thought happened—or thought should have happened—in Vietnam, but it was Henry Kissinger who was there at the epicenter, involved in every decision from the long, frustrating negotiations with the North Vietnamese delegation to America's eventual extrication from the war. Here, Kissinger writes with firm, precise knowledge, supported by meticulous documentation that includes his own memoranda to and replies from President Nixon. He tells about the tragedy of Cambodia, the collateral negotiations with the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, the disagreements within the Nixon and Ford administrations, the details of all negotiations in which he was involved, the domestic unrest and protest in the States, and the day-to-day military to diplomatic realities of the war as it reached the White House. As compelling and exciting as Barbara Tuchman's The Guns of August, Ending the Vietnam War also reveals insights about the bigger-than-life personalities—Johnson, Nixon, de Gaulle, Ho Chi Minh, Brezhnev—who were caught up in a war that forever changed international relations. This is history on a grand scale, and a book of overwhelming importance to the public record.
Download or read book Debating War and Peace written by Jonathan Mermin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1999-07-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Amendment ideal of an independent press allows American journalists to present critical perspectives on government policies and actions; but are the media independent of government in practice? Here Jonathan Mermin demonstrates that when it comes to military intervention, journalists over the past two decades have let the government itself set the terms and boundaries of foreign policy debate in the news. Analyzing newspaper and television reporting of U.S. intervention in Grenada and Panama, the bombing of Libya, the Gulf War, and U.S. actions in Somalia and Haiti, he shows that if there is no debate over U.S. policy in Washington, there is no debate in the news. Journalists often criticize the execution of U.S. policy, but fail to offer critical analysis of the policy itself if actors inside the government have not challenged it. Mermin ultimately offers concrete evidence of outside-Washington perspectives that could have been reported in specific cases, and explains how the press could increase its independence of Washington in reporting foreign policy news. The author constructs a new framework for thinking about press-government relations, based on the observation that bipartisan support for U.S. intervention is often best interpreted as a political phenomenon, not as evidence of the wisdom of U.S. policy. Journalists should remember that domestic political factors often influence foreign policy debate. The media, Mermin argues, should not see a Washington consensus as justification for downplaying critical perspectives.
Download or read book Rethinking the Vietnam War written by John Dumbrell and published by Red Globe Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This incisive new text provides a broad-ranging reassessment of the Vietnam war and its political and historical significance for America, Vietnam itself, their allies, the region and the world. John Dumbrell re-examines recurrent myths and assumptions and highlights areas of dispute still outstanding today.
Download or read book The British and the Vietnam War written by Nicholas Tarling and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the presidency of Lyndon Johnson, the British government sought to avoid escalation of the war in Vietnam and to help bring about peace. The thinking that lay behind these endeavours was often insightful and it is hard to argue that the attempt was not worth making, but the British government was able to exert little, if any, influence on a power with which it believed it had, and needed, a special relationship. Drawing on little-used papers in the British archives, Nicholas Tarling describes the making of Britain’s Vietnam policy during a period when any compromise proposed by London was likely to be seen in Washington as suggestive of defeat, and attempts to involve Moscow in the process over-estimated the USSR’s influence on a Hanoi determined on reunification.
Download or read book American Tragedy written by David E. Kaiser and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A re-creation of the deliberations, actions, and deceptions that brought two decades of post-World War II confidence to an end, this book offers an insight into the Vietnam War at home and abroad - and into American foreign policy in the 1960s.
Download or read book The Stupidity of War written by John Mueller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative argument shows the consequences of increased aversion to international war for foreign and military policy.
