Download or read book The Value Relevance of Financial Statement Recognition vs Disclosure written by Paquita Y. Davis-Friday and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines whether the market values financial statement data differently if it is disclosed instead of recognized in the body of the financial statements. We identify a sample of 229 SFAS No. 106 adopters who disclose an estimate of their anticipated liability for retiree benefits other than pensions (PRB) in their financial reports prior to the year of recognition. We then test whether the disclosed estimate of the PRB liability is valued differently by the market than is the subsequently recognized PRB liability. We provide modest and model-sensitive evidence that the recognized PRB liability receives more weight than the disclosed liability in market value association tests.

Download or read book Does Recognition Instead of Disclosure Matter to the Users of Financial Statements written by Paquita Y. Davis-Friday and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uncovers a potential explanation for the discrepancy between Amir (1996) and Choi, Collins, and Johnson (1997) by examining whether the users of financial statement data treat information differently if it is disclosed instead of recognized in the body of the financial statements. Amir (1996) finds that the liability for postretirement benefits other than pensions (PRBs) is value-relevant conditioned on earnings and pension information while Choi et al. (1997) find that the PRB liability is measured with more error than the pension liability and is therefore less reliable. Since Amir's sample consists only of SFAS 106 adopters and the Choi et al. sample includes both adopters and non-adopters (disclosers), we identify a sample of early adopters who disclose an estimate of their anticipated liability in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MDamp;A) or notes to their financial statements. We test whether accounting information disclosed in the MDamp;A or notes (the estimate of the PRB liability) is valued by the market the same as information recognized in the financial statements (the recognized PRB liability). The results indicate that the recognized PRB liability is capitalized at a higher rate than the disclosed liability. Our evidence suggests that the market treats information disclosed in the notes in this context as less reliable than similar information recognized in the body of the financial statements.

Download or read book The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers written by Baruch Lev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative new valuation framework with truly useful economic indicators The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows how the ubiquitous financial reports have become useless in capital market decisions and lays out an actionable alternative. Based on a comprehensive, large-sample empirical analysis, this book reports financial documents' continuous deterioration in relevance to investors' decisions. An enlightening discussion details the reasons why accounting is losing relevance in today's market, backed by numerous examples with real-world impact. Beyond simply identifying the problem, this report offers a solution—the Value Creation Report—and demonstrates its utility in key industries. New indicators focus on strategy and execution to identify and evaluate a company's true value-creating resources for a more up-to-date approach to critical investment decision-making. While entire industries have come to rely on financial reports for vital information, these documents are flawed and insufficient when it comes to the way investors and lenders work in the current economic climate. This book demonstrates an alternative, giving you a new framework for more informed decision making. Discover a new, comprehensive system of economic indicators Focus on strategic, value-creating resources in company valuation Learn how traditional financial documents are quickly losing their utility Find a path forward with actionable, up-to-date information Major corporate decisions, such as restructuring and M&A, are predicated on financial indicators of profitability and asset/liabilities values. These documents move mountains, so what happens if they're based on faulty indicators that fail to show the true value of the company? The End of Accounting and the Path Forward for Investors and Managers shows you the reality and offers a new blueprint for more accurate valuation.

Download or read book The Real Effects of Financial Statement Recognition written by Riddha Basu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine whether the recognition versus disclosure of identical accounting information affects the credit rating process and ultimately corporate credit ratings. The primary input into corporate credit ratings is adjusted financial statements, which the rating agencies create by modifying reported financial statements to reflect credit-relevant items not recognized under U.S. GAAP. The rating agencies have claimed that this process means that accounting changes that move previously disclosed information onto firms' financial statements have virtually no effect on firms' adjusted financial statements or their credit ratings. We show that this claim is incorrect using the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 158 (“SFAS158”). This standard did not prescribe any new financial information. Rather, it simply required the balance sheet recognition of a previously disclosed item. We find that firms recognizing an additional pension liability due to SFAS158 had lower leverage on the rating agency adjusted financial statements and received higher corporate credit ratings. This counterintuitive result occurs because the rating agency adjustments made pre-SFAS158 were punitive relative to the combination of the SFAS158 changes and the rating agency adjustments made post-SFAS158. The difference in rating agency adjustments pre- and post-SFAS158 was primarily due to rating agency adjustments in the pre-SFAS158 period that did not account for minimum liability adjustments, an aspect of pension accounting eliminated by SFAS158. Overall, our results indicate that SFAS158 generated real changes in rating agency adjustments, and that these changes had real consequences for firms' credit ratings.

Download or read book The Decision Usefulness of Additional Fair Value Disclosures written by Theresa Herrmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conducting an experiment Theresa Herrmann investigates why nonprofessional investors fail to incorporate disclosures on fair value estimates into their investment decision and what causes this exclusion. Differentiating between different types of disclosures and the development of the fair value (gain vs. loss) the results indicate that with a fair value gain, none of the disclosure information increases decision usefulness, irrespective of the presentation format. When a fair value loss occurs, fair value disclosures presented in a salient presentation format decrease decision usefulness. Thus, investors have varying information needs that are strongly linked to the development of a firm’s key asset.

Download or read book Does Recognition Versus Disclosure Affect Debt Contract Design Evidence from SFAS 158 written by John Donovan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study how recognition versus disclosure affects the control function of accounting through the use of debt covenants. While research shows that recognition affects the value-relevance of reported amounts, the effect on contracting is unclear. We examine whether covenants changed around SFAS 158 adoption, which required recognition of previously disclosed pension liabilities. We find that pension underfunding is negatively associated with the use of capital (i.e., balance sheet) covenants prior to recognition. Post-SFAS 158, pension underfunding is associated with a higher likelihood of using capital covenants relative to the pre-period. We find no evidence that SFAS 158 alters the use of income statement covenants. Additional analysis suggests a decrease in cost of debt with no corresponding change in credit risk. Collectively, the evidence suggests that recognition enables more effective allocation of control through the use of covenants because financial statements better represent the financial condition of the borrower.

Download or read book Recognition Versus Disclosure written by Doron Israeli and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of International Accounting Standard (IAS) 40, Investment Property, in the European Union created a unique setting to study the implications of a decision to recognize versus disclose financial statements' items because in this setting recognized and disclosed investment-property-related amounts share a common measurement base, i.e., fair value. I utilize this setting to (1) explore factors associated with a firm's choice to recognize versus disclose fair values of investment properties, (2) test whether recognized and disclosed amounts are valued equally by equity investors, and (3) determine whether these amounts exhibit equivalent associations with future financial outcomes. To correct for self-selection concerns and assure I compare analogous amounts, I develop a selection model and construct investment-property-related amounts that differ only in whether their components are recognized or disclosed. I find that (1) contractual and asset pricing incentives help explain the recognition versus disclosure choice, (2) investors place smaller valuation weights on disclosed amounts, and (3) recognized and disclosed amounts exhibit statistically equivalent associations with future changes in net rental income and cash flows from operations. Taken together, the evidence suggests that managers are opportunistic in making the recognition versus disclosure choice and that even when recognized and disclosed amounts share an equivalent measurement base and are equally relevant for future financial outcomes, investors weight disclosed information less heavily in determining a firm's value.

Download or read book Losing the Excess Baggage written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Disclosure Versus Recognition written by Julie Cotter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Australian GAAP requires firms to either disclose or recognize the current values of real estate in their financial statements. Given recognition criteria related to reliable measurement, the propensity to recognize an upward revaluation is subject to the inherent uncertainty of the assessed increase in value. Accordingly, we predict and find that managers are more likely to recognize (rather than just disclose) revaluations when the revaluation estimate is more reliable. The recognition criteria contained in Australian GAAP implies that market participants will rationally infer that revaluations recognized in the balance sheet are more reliably measured than those disclosed in footnotes. An analysis of share market effects finds that the market discounts disclosure compared to recognition of real estate revaluations. This effect becomes insignificant when controls for the reliability of revaluations are included in the analysis, and we therefore conclude that the value relevance of recognized revaluations is not due to recognition per se, but rather to the fact that the assets being revalued are more reliably measured.

Download or read book The Value Relevance of Mandatory Corporate Disclosures written by Mishari M. Alfraih and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is the first to explore the association between the level of compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) mandatory disclosures and the value relevance of accounting information to market participants. This association is examined in the context of listed companies in the emerging economy of Kuwait - a jurisdiction with a history of applying international accounting standards but with lax enforcement. The research design of the study consists of two parts. First, the level of compliance with mandatory IFRS disclosures of Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) listed firms in 2010 is examined using a disclosure index. Second, the value relevance of financial statement information, specifically, earnings and book values, is examined empirically using Ohlson's (1995) valuation model that captures the level of compliance with IFRS among KSE listed firms. The results show a significant association between the level of compliance with IFRS and the value relevance of earnings and book values to KSE investors, highlighting the importance of establishing and maintaining adequate monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to ensure compliance with accounting standards. The outcomes of this study serve to inform regulators and companies on whether moving toward stricter compliance with IFRS will necessarily improve the value relevance of financial statement information.

Download or read book Accounting Disclosure and Real Effects written by Chandra Kanodia and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kanodia presents a new approach to the study of accounting measurement that argues that how firms' economic transactions, earnings, and capital flows are measured and reported to the capital markets has substantial effects on the firms' real decisions and on the allocation of resources.

Download or read book Accounting in Central and Eastern Europe written by Catalin Albu and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), most of them former components of the communist bloc, have suffered diverse influences over time. Historically, the advent of communism in the 1950s has stopped the economic and political development of these countries. Its fall during the late 1980s and early 1990s triggered severe changes in the economic and social environment, with profound consequences on the countries' accounting and business models. The accounting regulatory process of these countries has mostly been a public one, although some countries also involved private sector and professional bodies. With economic and political reforms these countries are now reforming their accounting systems with for example the adoption of International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Additionally, the CEE countries' political will to join the European Union compelled the regulators to ensure a high level of harmonization with the European Directives. This volume present theoretical and empirical papers that will further our understanding of accounting issues in CEE countries.

Download or read book Value Relevance of the Stock Options Disclosure Or Reporting written by Sylvie Berthelot and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the relation between share price, stock-based compensation expense and information about employee stock options (ESO) disclosed in financial statement footnotes. Our results, for a sample of 750 observations over the period 2000-2005, suggest that the market values both the stock-based compensation expense recognized in financial statement and information about ESO disclosed in footnotes, but that ESO recognition in income statement or the pro forma disclosure showing the impact of expensing ESO on net income, are not as value relevant as the information disclosed in footnotes.

Download or read book Disclosure Versus Recognition written by Jeremy Michels and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standard setters explicitly state that disclosure should not substitute for recognition in financial reports. Consistent with this directive, prior research shows that investors find recognized values more pertinent than disclosed values. However, it remains unclear whether reporting items are recognized because they are more relevant for investing decisions, or whether requiring recognition itself prompts differing behavior on the part of firms and investors. Using the setting of subsequent events, I identify the differential effect of requiring disclosure versus recognition in a setting where the accounting treatment of an item is exogenously determined. For comparable events, I find a stronger initial market response for firms required to recognize relative to firms that must disclose, although the large magnitude of the identified effect calls into question whether this difference can be attributed to accounting treatments alone. In examining various reasons for the stronger market response to recognized values, I fail to find support for the hypothesis that this difference is due to differential reliability of disclosed and recognized values. I do find some evidence that investors underreact to disclosed events, consistent with investors incurring higher processing costs when using disclosed information.

Download or read book GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual 2019 2020 written by George Georgiades and published by CCH Incorporated. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual provides a complete, quick, and valuable reference source for financial statement disclosures and key presentation requirements. Specifically, the Manual: - Provides over 750 examples of realistic sample footnote disclosures to assist in the preparation of financial statements for an audit, a review, or a compilation engagement. - Facilitates compliance with U.S. GAAP by integrating, in each chapter, the specific disclosure and key presentation requirements with the sample footnotes. - Provides sample disclosures that are technically sound, understandable, and comprehensive and that cover a variety of scenarios, from the most common to the most unusual. - Incorporates all currently effective accounting standards, including those that cover areas of unusual difficulty, such as revenue recognition, financial instruments, fair value, business combinations, consolidation, income taxes, pensions, leases, accounting changes, and variable interest entities. This Manual is arranged into the following major parts, consistent with the Codification''s structural organization: - Part 1 General Principles (ASC Topics 100s) - Part 2 Presentation (ASC Topics 200s) - Part 3 Assets (ASC Topics 300s) - Part 4 Liabilities (ASC Topics 400s) - Part 5 Equity (ASC Topics 500s) - Part 6 Revenue (ASC Topics 600s) - Part 7 Expenses (ASC Topics 700s) - Part 8 Broad Transactions (ASC Topics 800s) The Manual is designed for ease of use. Accordingly, each chapter is structured as a stand-alone chapter, providing you with all the information you''ll need on a specific topic. The majority of chapters consist of the following parts: 1. Executive Summary. This section provides a clear and concise overview of the specific financial statement topic. 2. Authoritative Accounting Literature. This section provides reference to the relevant FASB ASC Topic. 3. Disclosure and Key Presentation Requirements. This section provides a detailed listing of (a) the disclosure requirements (FASB ASC Section 50) and (b) those key presentation requirements (FASB ASC Section 45) that are relevant to enhance compliance with and better understand the disclosure requirements. This section also provides specific references to the FASB ASC paragraphs that prescribe the specific disclosure or key presentation requirement. Some of the items included in this section do not refer to any specific authoritative literature. Nevertheless, the disclosure or presentation items they address are considered informative for users of the financial statements and usually are disclosed or presented. These disclosures or presentation items are generally accepted by accountants and auditors and, accordingly, are referenced as "Generally accepted practice" in this section. 4. Examples of Financial Statement Disclosures. This section contains specific examples of disclosures that cover different situations, circumstances, assumptions, and so on. Unless specifically indicated, the examples provided assume that the most recent financial statements presented are for the year ended December 31, 20X2. The 2019-2020 GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual is current through FASB Accounting Standards Update No. 2019-03, Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958): Updating the Definition of Collections. Material can be located several ways: the Cross-Reference shows the chapter in which a particular pronouncement is discussed; the Index provides a quick page reference. CONTENTS: The GAAP Financial Statement Disclosures Manual includes the following topics: Part 1--General Principles ASC Topic 105: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Part 2--Presentation ASC Topic 205: Presentation of Financial Statements ASC Topic 210: Balance Sheet ASC Topic 215: Statement of Shareholder Equity ASC Topic 220: Income Statement--Reporting Comprehensive Income ASC Topic 225 (Superseded): Income Statement ASC Topic 230: Statement of Cash Flows ASC Topic 235: Notes to Financial Statements ASC Topic 250: Accounting Changes and Error Corrections ASC Topic 255: Changing Prices ASC Topic 260: Earnings Per Share ASC Topic 270: Interim Reporting ASC Topic 272: Limited Liability Entities ASC Topic 275: Risks and Uncertainties ASC Topic 280: Segment Reporting Part 3--Assets ASC Topic 305 (Superseded): Cash and Cash Equivalents ASC Topic 310: Receivables ASC Topic 320: Investments--Debt and Equity Securities ASC Topic 321: Investments--Equity Securities ASC Topic 323: Investments--Equity Method and Joint Ventures ASC Topic 325: Investments--Other ASC Topic 326: Financial Instruments--Credit Losses ASC Topic 330: Inventory ASC Topic 340: Other Assets and Deferred Costs ASC Topic 350: Intangibles--Goodwill and Other ASC Topic 360: Property, Plant, and Equipment Part 4--Liabilities ASC Topic 405: Liabilities ASC Topic 410: Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations ASC Topic 420: Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations ASC Topic 430: Deferred Revenue ASC Topic 440: Commitments ASC Topic 450: Contingencies ASC Topic 460: Guarantees ASC Topic 470: Debt ASC Topic 480: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity Part 5--Equity ASC Topic 505: Equity Part 6--Revenue ASC Topic 605: Revenue Recognition ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers ASC Topic 610: Other Income Part 7--Expenses ASC Topic 705: Cost of Sales and Services ASC Topic 710: Compensation--General ASC Topic 712: Compensation--Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits ASC Topic 715: Compensation--Retirement Benefits ASC Topic 718: Compensation--Stock Compensation ASC Topic 720: Other Expenses ASC Topic 730: Research and Development ASC Topic 740: Income Taxes Part 8--Broad Transactions ASC Topic 805: Business Combinations ASC Topic 808: Collaborative Arrangements ASC Topic 810: Consolidation ASC Topic 815: Derivatives and Hedging ASC Topic 820: Fair Value Measurement ASC Topic 825: Financial Instruments ASC Topic 830: Foreign Currency Matters ASC Topic 835: Interest ASC Topic 840: Leases ASC Topic 842: Leases ASC Topic 845: Nonmonetary Transactions ASC Topic 850: Related Party Disclosures ASC Topic 852: Reorganizations ASC Topic 853: Service Concession Arrangements ASC Topic 855: Subsequent Events ASC Topic 860: Transfers and Servicing Accounting Resources on the Web Cross-Reference to Pre-Codification Accounting Literature Index ABOUT THE AUTHOR: George Georgiades, CPA, has more than 38 years of experience in public accounting, including seven years as an audit senior manager with a major international accounting firm. He currently has his own firm and consults with CPA firms, public companies, and private companies on technical accounting, auditing, and financial reporting and disclosure issues. He works closely with senior partners in charge of the quality control and accounting and auditing technical functions at several CPA firms. He has served as an engagement quality reviewer on hundreds of audit engagements related to financial statements of both small, closely held companies and large, publicly held enterprises. Also, he has personally conducted more than 75 peer reviews, consulting reviews, and inspections and brings to the Manual extensive hands-on experience in performing independent technical reviews of financial statements. Mr. Georgiades is also the author of the GAAS Practice Manual and the GAAS Update Service and has contributed extensively to several other publications. He is also author of numerous articles, continuing education courses, and periodicals on issues related to audit quality and financial reporting. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the California Society of Certified Public Accountants, and served on the California Society of CPAs'' Peer Review Committee.

Download or read book Clean Surplus written by Richard P. Brief and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. The relationship between the present discounted value of future cash flows and discounted excess earnings should be viewed as a mathematical property of a double-entry book[1]keeping system based on clean surplus. The purpose of this anthology is to facilitate future research by highlighting these historical developments and by showing how more recent theoretical and empirical research fits into the earlier history. The book is divided into four sections: historical overview; analytical properties of clean surplus; the theory of the clean surplus equation; and empirical implications.

Download or read book The Impact of Recognition Versus Disclosure on Financial Information written by Shana Clor-Proell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate whether recognition on the face of the financial statements versus disclosure in the footnotes influences the amount that financial managers report for a contingent liability. Using an experiment with corporate controllers and chief financial officers, we find that financial managers in public companies expend more cognitive effort and exhibit less strategic bias under recognition than disclosure. This difference appears to be associated with capital market pressures experienced by public company managers as we find that both the cognitive effort and bias exhibited by private company managers are unaffected by placement. As a result, public company managers make higher liability estimates for recognized versus disclosed liabilities. Their liability estimates are similar to those of private company managers for recognition but lower than private company managers' estimates for disclosure. Our results have implications for auditors and financial statement users in evaluating recognized versus disclosed information for public and private companies.