EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book The Use of Wood Pulp for Paper Making  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Use of Wood Pulp for Paper Making Classic Reprint written by S. Chas; Philipps and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Use of Wood Pulp for Paper-Making It was with peculiar pleasure that I accepted the compliment you were good enough to pay me, when you invited me to read a paper on the subject of "Wood Pulp." I have been reminded of the fact that there are in this Society many members who have no practical acquaintance with paper-making or with the subject I am trying to deal with to-night, and, therefore, I hope to avoid technicalities as much as possible, although I think you will readily see it is necessary in a paper of this kind to deal in a general way with the evolution of the wood pulp industry, and particularly in its application to paper-making, and in this connection, to deal historically with the progress of pulp-making, and its chemical treatment. I think, perhaps, I need scarcely say at the outset, that in the cheaper forms of paper, as we know it to-day, the raw material is substantially wood. I am aware that if you were to ask "the man in the street" of what paper is made, you would probably be told "rags"; but although that used to be the case, the use of paper to-day is so extensive that it would be impossible to meet the demand for one-thousandth part of the total consumption, if the paper-maker had to rely on rags, and I think I may here say that it is due to the engineer and to the chemist that we owe our cheap Press, and largely to the fact that wood has been taken full advantage of in its application to paper-making. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Notes on the Manufacture of Wood Pulp and Wood Pulp Papers  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Notes on the Manufacture of Wood Pulp and Wood Pulp Papers Classic Reprint written by James Dunbar and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Notes on the Manufacture of Wood Pulp and Wood-Pulp Papers In my previous efforts to put before the paper trade a reliable Guide to the Manufacture of Paper, based upon my own practical experience, I confined myself to the raw material best known to me at that time. But since the issue of the last edition of my book a decade in papermaking seems to have passed over us; and, with the advent of a popular and comparatively new material, which is better known on the Continent of Europe than with us, and which is fast coming to the front, I consider the present a fit opportunity to put my experience of wood fibre manipulation on the Continent before the trade. The result I leave to practical men. If I am enabled to add a little to the knowledge of those engaged in the papermaking industry (especially the rising and younger portion), it will be a pleasure to me to know that I have thus been of some help to them. I have endeavoured to confine myself to what I consider up-to-date information relating to Wood Pulp and Wood-Pulp Papers, and the application of the latest ideas to machinery used in their manufacture, with suggested improvements which have for their object the saving of time and consequent cheapening of production. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Modern Pulp and Paper Making

Download or read book Modern Pulp and Paper Making written by G. S. Witham Sr. and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-11 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Modern Pulp and Paper Making: A Practical Treatise During thirty-seven years of experience in the pulp and paper industry the author has frequently and repeatedly felt the need of a practical work on the manufacture of pulp and paper, as carried on in America, that would not be so abstruse and technical as to be beyond the grasp of the average papermaker, and which at the same time would not merely skim the surface of the various subdivisions of the art. In the present volume an attempt has been made to describe the equipment and processes actually used in pulp and paper plants on this continent today, giving such practical information as would be of help to men working around these plants from day to day. It is hoped that the present volume will be useful to practical papermakers and, at the same time, that it may possibly be of service to technical men not intimately in touch with the pulp and paper industry and desiring to know the salient facts about it. No attempt has been made to describe every piece of equipment ever used in the industry. Neither has the author attempted to deal with the historical aspect. Also, while recognizing the great importance of chemistry in connection with papermaking, no chemical considerations have been introduced which would not readily be comprehended by one with no special knowledge of that science. It may seem strange to some readers of this book that the author has not devoted more space to detailed information concerning bag paper - with which branch of the industry he is particularly identified. In the first place, relatively few of the readers of this book are likely to be especially interested in bag paper, and if overmuch space were devoted to this subject readers interested in other branches might justifiably feel that their interests had been neglected. Of course, this difficulty might have been avoided by giving equally detailed attention to every variety of paper, but such a treatment would have necessitated a much larger book and, consequently, one so expensive as to be beyond the reach of many men actually engaged in the industry. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Wood Pulp and Its Uses  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Wood Pulp and Its Uses Classic Reprint written by Charles Frederick Cross and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Wood Pulp and Its Uses The world has had its Stone age and its Bronze age: later its Iron age, and the present is a Cellulose age. This is not said ad captandum it is a statement which will survive critical examination. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Reading List on Papermaking Materials  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Reading List on Papermaking Materials Classic Reprint written by Clarence J. West and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Reading List on Papermaking Materials Papyri was followed by cotton and linen papers, and very much later, by straw and by chemical and mechanical wood pulp. Though the threatened shortage of pulp wood has created re newed interest in other fibrous materials which may be used in the manufacture of paper, this interest is by no means confined to the present time. As early as 1765 Jacob Christian Schaeffer of Regensburg, Germany, published a work upon the different plants which he could transform into paper without the use of rags and gave Specimens of papers prepared from poplar down, tree moss, hop tendrils, bark of grape vine, hemp, mulberry, aloe leaves, stinging nettle, bull-rush, cabbage stalks, water moss, turf, leaves of the lily of the valley, mallow, orache, Indian corn, genista, potato skins, etc., etc. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Art of Paper Making

Download or read book The Art of Paper Making written by Alexander Watt and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Art of Paper-Making: A Practical Handbook of the Manufacture of Paper From Rags, Esparto, Straw, and Other Fibrous Materials, Including the Manufacture of Pulp From Wood Fibre The recovery of soda from waste liquors has been fully dealt with, and the details Of several applied processes explained. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Chemistry of Pulp  and Paper Making  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Chemistry of Pulp and Paper Making Classic Reprint written by Edwin Sutermeister and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Chemistry of Pulp, and Paper Making Regarding the methods of analysis and testing which are given it may be said that the attempt has been made to include all which are necessary for routine work in controlling opera tions. There are many occasional analyses which it is necessary to make during special investigations, but it is impractical to include all of these and for such methods reference must be made to the numerous standard text-books of analytical procedure. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Paper Making Materials and Their Conservation  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Paper Making Materials and Their Conservation Classic Reprint written by Fletcher Pearre Veitch and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Paper-Making Materials and Their Conservation The reasons that have made wood the cheapest and preferred paper making material are clearly evident. They are low cost of raw ma terial ease of transportation and handling, particularly by machinery freedom from dirt; uniform supply, and low digester requirements, as much more wood can be placed in a given digester than any other material. Further than this, mills could be built and operated close to the material. But the spruce and poplar forests contiguous to many of these mills are gone and they can no longer obtain their wood at the, old price nor at a price that will enable them to compete with mills more recently built, which are still close to a wood supply. N either can such mills, built to use wood advantageously, use other materials in competition with mills especially built and equipped for using those materials. The demand developed in the past few years and constantly growing is not primarily so much for new materials as itais a demand for wood at a price that will enable the poorly situ ated mills to compete with those more economically located with respect to this supply. This demand can only be met either by a large use of other woods or by planting and grow'mg spruce and poplar. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Pulp and News Paper Manufacture  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Pulp and News Paper Manufacture Classic Reprint written by John Stadler and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Pulp and News-Paper Manufacture The subject of this paper is the power consumption in the manufacture of news-paper, and in the production of the fibre for the making of the paper. That is, the ground-wood and sulphite process. The fibre used in the making of news-paper is produced entirely from wood. The wood used is principally spruce, hemlock and balsam. The other coniferous woods are used' in smaller quantities. News-paper is usually manufactured from 75% mechanical pulp (ground-wood) and 25% chemical pulp (sulphite pulp). Under ordinary conditions one cord of wood is required to make one ton of ground-wood, and two cords of wood are required to make one ton of sulphite pulp: hence for the production of news-paper one and a quarter cords of wood are used for every ton of news-paper made. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Art of Paper Making

    Book Details:
  • Author : Alexander Watt
  • Publisher : Franklin Classics Trade Press
  • Release : 2018-10-24
  • ISBN : 9780344126697
  • Pages : 260 pages

Download or read book The Art of Paper Making written by Alexander Watt and published by Franklin Classics Trade Press. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book Pulp and Paper

    Book Details:
  • Author : F. P. Veitch
  • Publisher : Forgotten Books
  • Release : 2015-07-28
  • ISBN : 9781332065530
  • Pages : 34 pages

Download or read book Pulp and Paper written by F. P. Veitch and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Pulp and Paper: And Other Products From Waste Resinous Woods The idea that the waste long-leaf yellow pine, Norway pine, Douglas fir, and other woods rich in resins can be used for the making of paper, wood turpentine, rosin oils, and similar products is not new, but the industry is just beginning to develop. It has received more or less attention in this bureau during the past seven years, where information as to its feasibility and practicability and as to the yields and character of the products which may be made has been gathered. This information points the way to the means whereby valuable timber may be conserved and the menacing waste wood of the lumbering operations may be profitably utilized. The making of paper from these woods presents no unusual difficulties; in fact, several mills are running almost exclusively on such woods, while others use them in greater or less quantity. The recovery of wood turpentine, pine oils, and other products from resinous woods by steam or destructive distillation has been fairly well worked out, and, when a plant is properly located and equipped and operated skillfully, this industry is proving profitable. The production of rosin oils, tars, and pitches from common rosin is also a thoroughly established, well-understood, and profitable industry. With these successful results in view, it is at once clear that a combination of the three industries, using waste wood as the raw material from which all the products of these industries may be made, should be more profitable and require less capital, equipment, and labor than the three when conducted separately. Since each of these industries, paper-making, wood distillation, and rosin-oil production, is already well developed and the details quite well understood, no experimental demonstration on a manufacturing scale is needed to prove the practicability of the combination of the three. In short, such combination under one management is the most logical industrial condition. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Pulp and Papermaking Opportunities in West Central Colorado  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Pulp and Papermaking Opportunities in West Central Colorado Classic Reprint written by Jay Hughes and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-09-11 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Pulp-and Papermaking Opportunities in West Central Colorado This report is an attempt to measure some of the key factors affecting pulp and paper industry opportunities in western Colorado. Foresters and other knowledgeable observers feel that this area offers one of the most favorable combinations of factors for pulp and paper mill development in the Central Rockies. Important in this view are the suitability of local timber species for pulping, the relatively large volumes of wood in the area, the existence ofa supply of surface water sufficient to support mills of feasible size, and a favorable location near growing western paper markets. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Wages and Hours of Labor in the Paper and Wood Pulp Industry in Massachusetts  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Wages and Hours of Labor in the Paper and Wood Pulp Industry in Massachusetts Classic Reprint written by Massachusetts Bureau Of Statistics and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Wages and Hours of Labor in the Paper and Wood Pulp Industry in Massachusetts The information on which this report is based was secured, with but one exception, directly by our Special Agents who visited every paper mill in Massachusetts and in many cases personally copied the desired data from the pay-rolls. In a limited number of cases the pay-rolls were copied by the firm and verified chiefly by inspection of the books. The data here given represent, therefore, authentic information from original records. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book A Handbook of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry  Classic Reprint

Download or read book A Handbook of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry Classic Reprint written by Canadian Pulp And Paper Association and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-03 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Handbook of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry Hat the expansion of the pulp and paper industry in Canada continues is shown by a comparison of the statistics for the calendar year 1918 with those of the year 1917, as presented in the present report. The number of mills operating in 1917 was 83 with a production of In 1918 the number of active mills had risen to 94 and the volume of production to an increase in the number of active mills of 11, or per cent and in production of or an increase of per cent. The consumption of pulpwood in 1918 was cords, as compared with cords in 1917 or an increase for the year of 5 per cent. The total cut of pulpwood for manufacture and for export which in 1917 was cords increased to cords in 1918. The quantity cut for-export rose from cords in 1917 to cords in 1918, an increase of cords or per cent. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Dyeing of Paper Pulp

Download or read book The Dyeing of Paper Pulp written by Julius Erfurt and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Dyeing of Paper Pulp: A Practical Treatise for the Use of Papermakers, Paperstainers, Students and Others The great success of the first German edition of Erfurt's Farben des Papierstoffs, and the fact that the new edition is the only work which is specially devoted to the dyeing of paper pulp, induced me to undertake the translation of this work into English. The addition of numerous patterns of dyed papers, illustrating the results obtained with the various colours, greatly enhances the value of the book. Twelve new patterns of papers dyed in the pulp, manufactured in England, have been embodied in the English edition. The full recipes for these as to pulp mixture, colours, etc., are given in the text. I venture to hope that the translation will not only be of service to practical paper-makers, but also to those students and mill apprentices who may not be able to follow the text of the original. I have to express my indebtedness to my friend and colleague, Dr. E. Knecht, F.I.C., for his advice and his kindness in reading the proofs. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Book Caro   Fiber as a Paper Making Material  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Caro Fiber as a Paper Making Material Classic Reprint written by Merle B. Shaw and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Caro Fiber as a Paper-Making Material Until about half a century ago practically the only raw material for commercial paper making consisted of rags and waste cordage. The available quantity of these materials was inadequate, however, to meet the increasing demand for paper products. The develop ment of the processes of making pulp from wood resulted, therefore, in that substance being drawn upon almost entirely in the expansion of the paper industry. The fiber content of many grades of papers, such as book, newsprint, and the cheaper writings, is now composed exclusively of wood pulp. For fine papers in which unusual strength is required - ledgers, bonds, currency - rags are still used as formerly. For strong bag or wrapping paper, in which strength is more important than color, worn and salvaged rags, old rope, and waste tow are generally utilized. There is also, however, a scarcity of rag and rope stock for these latter uses, and the problem of finding new fibers possessing the essential characteristics of these materials is receiving attention. The investigation herein reported demonstrates the suitability of caroa fiber for use with or as a substitute for rag and rope stock in paper production. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Paper Technology

Download or read book Paper Technology written by R. W. Sindall and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Paper Technology: An Elementary Manual on the Manufacture, Physical, Qualities and Chemical Constituents of Paper and of Paper-Making Fibres Mechanical Wood Pulp. - Logs - Barking, grinding, boiling, screen ing, pressing. Chemical Wood Pulp - Logs, chipping, screen ing, pressing, making dry pulp, sulphite liquor. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.