Download or read book The Use of Riparian Buffers to Reduce Nonpoint Source Pollution from Development written by Don Witherill and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonpoint Source Pollution Reduction Through the Application of Riparian Forest Buffer Systems written by Steven R. Lebischak and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.
Download or read book The Role and Function of Forest Buffers in the Chesapeake Bay Basin for Nonpoint Source Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identification of Candidate Riparian Buffer Zones written by Jarlath P. M. O'Neil-Dunne and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture continues to be a burgeoning problem in the United States. Best management practices such as the use of riparian buffers, can significantly reduce the amount of agricultural runoff and thus the amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, and pathogens reaching aquatic systems. In Vermont, the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) established a program to provide financial incentives to farmers to develop riparian buffers adjacent to their fields in the Mad River Valley. In order to estimate the cost of the program and to determine prospective fields for buffer establishment, NRCS personnel manually analyzed hardcopy aerial photographs. This approach, however, does not account for geophysical factors such as soil type, slope, and land cover that also significantly and directly influence surface drainage. Furthermore, manual interpretation of panchromatic aerial photographs is far more time consuming when compared to semi-automated feature extraction of multispectral imagery. To aid NRCS in their efforts, a GIS-based method was developed centered on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) that incorporates key factors to identify and prioritize candidate agricultural fields in the Mad River Valley for riparian buffer development. Development and implementation of the RUSLE model within a GIS framework also provides a methodology that can be extrapolated to surrounding regions in a cost effective manner. The model is limited by the resolution and accuracy of the digital elevation model (DEM) and the flow modeling algorithm, both of which impact the ability to accurately predict overland flow. Due to the importance of imagery in determining the presence of existing buffer zones, an assessment comparing the utility of panchromatic digital orthophotography and high resolution multispectral IKONOS satellite data to map land use and land cover was conducted. Object-oriented classification of IKONOS imagery saves time and yields similar results (overall accuracy = 79%) when compared to the manual interpretation of panchromatic digital orthophotographs (overall accuracy = 80%). However, the most accurate method of generating land use and land cover information was through the manual interpretation of multispectral IKONOS imagery (overall accuracy = 91%).
Download or read book Riparian Buffers and Controlled Drainage to Reduce Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution written by Deanna L. Osmond and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riparian Forest Buffers written by David J. Welsch and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses how streamside forests are crucial to the protection and enhancement of the water resources of the Eastern United States.
Download or read book Riparia written by Robert J. Naiman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the underlying water conditions and geologies that support viable riparia, illustrates the ecological characteristics of riparia, and discusses how riparia are used by human cultures as well as how riparia can be used to sustain environmental quality. In recent years riparian management has been widely implemented as a means of improving fisheries, water quality, and habitat for endangered species. This book provides the basic knowledge necessary to implement successful, long-term management and rehabilitation programs. Treats riparian patterns & processes in a holistic perspective, from ecological components to societal activities Contains over 130 illustrations and photos that summarize this complex ecological system Synthesizes the information from more than 6,000 professional articles Sidebars provide a look into ongoing research that is at the frontiers of riparian ecology and management
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Download or read book Riparian Buffer Strategies for Urban Watersheds written by Lorraine M. Herson-Jones and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Towards Optimization of Conservation Benefits and Market based Products from Riparian Forest Buffers in the Mark Twain Lake Watershed written by Susanne Marie Knutsen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Midwestern United States has long been an important provider of agricultural commodities; however, crop and animal agriculture production has not come without an environmental price tag developed external to the marketplace. Riparian forest buffers (RFB) have been shown to be an effective management strategy to reduce the impact of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution from agriculture. The objectives of this study were to determine if conservation and market-based benefits could be jointly achieved from the existing and potential riparian forest buffers in the Mark Twain Lake watershed (MTLW). And, if the market-based benefits from fiber (biomass) can support a new medium density fiberboard (MDF) mill. To show how different buffer designs can produce different outcomes, six multi-species riparian buffers were created to meet two different mixes of conservation and biomass benefits. Through the use of Arc View, estimates of potential woody and herbaceous biomass were obtained. With 100% of all eligible land in riparian buffers, enough fiber would be available to supply a MDF plant capable of manufacturing 130,000 thousand square feet (msf) of three-quarter inch material annually. With 10% of all eligible land in riparian buffers, approximately 10-20% of the annual fiber requirements for a MDF plant can be met while jointly producing conservational benefits in the riparian area. On average 63% of all eligible land needs to be in production of woody and herbaceous fiber to meet the plants requirements. If fiber supply is limited to only woody materials, this percentage increases to 91%. In addition, it was found that high quality, light-colored MDF product could generate a net present value (NPV) of $976.94 per thousand square feet whereas low quality, dark-colored MDF could produce a NPV of $160.18 per thousand square feet.
Download or read book National Management Measures to Control Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen the Confer N s written by K. van der Hoek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First International Nitrogen Conference provided an opportunity for researchers and decision-makers to exchange information on environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds on three scales: global, continental/regional and local. The main topics were air, ground water and surface water pollution; emission sources, atmospheric chemistry, deposition processes and effects; disturbance of nitrogen cycles, critical loads and levels; assessments, policy development and evaluation; target groups and abatement techniques; and new approaches leading to an integrated abatement strategy.The peer-reviewed papers from the Conference presented in this volume will provide readers with a comprehensive review of the transport, deposition and impact on ecosystems of nitrogen.
Download or read book Reducing Pollution from Nonpoint Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-09-10 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Download or read book Riparian Buffer Effectiveness in Removing Groundwater Nitrate as Influenced by Vegetative Type written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonpoint source contributions of nitrogen, particularly from agriculture, have become a serious concern for many watersheds in North Carolina. Recent regulatory action has increased the implementation of various best management practices (BMPs), particularly riparian buffer zones, for the purpose of reducing groundwater NO3-N pollution. However, the best design for such buffers has been the subject of great debate. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the relative effects of buffer vegetation and width on groundwater NO3-N removal and to determine if denitrification was the process most responsible. The main project consisted of four identically-designed buffer replications located on a farm in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The influence of vegetative type on buffer NO3-N concentration decreases were as follows; trees had an average decrease of 57% (from 8.79 to 3.78 mg NO3-N L-1), fescue had a decrease of 40% (from 6.33 to 3.77 mg NO3-N L-1), switchgrass had a decrease of 44% (from 5.52 to 3.09 mg NO3-N L-1), native vegetation had a decrease of 37% (from 6.47 to 4.07 mg NO3-N L-1), and the no-buffer control had a decrease of 27% (from 4.93 to 3.62 mg NO3-N L-1). These calculations are averages for each vegetation type from all of the wells from both widths and depths from all four buffer replications. For the 8 m buffer width, a total average NO3-N concentration decrease of 12% (from 9.97 to 8.75 mg NO3-N L-1) was observed for the intermediate well depth, while a 54% (from 5.26 to 2.41 mg NO3-N L-1) was observed for the deep well depth. For the 15 m buffer width, a total average NO3-N concentration decrease of 59% (from 6.42 to 2.61 mg NO3-N L-1) was observed for the intermediate well depth, while a 75% (from 4.31 to 1.06 mg NO3-N L-1) was observed for the deep well depth. Despite these apparent observed differences in the NO3-N concentration decreases, there were no overall statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between any of the veg.
Download or read book Effect of Riparian Buffers and Controlled Drainageon Shallow Groundwater Quality in the North Carolina Middle Coastal Plain written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Degradation of water quality in the streams and estuaries of North Carolina in recent years has resulted in regulations to reduce the introduction of numerous types of contaminants to this system. In the Neuse and Tar-Pamlico River Basins, excessive amounts of nitrogen have been identified as causing increased algal growth, low dissolved oxygen concentrations, and have been linked to increased growth of toxic microorganisms such as Pfiesteria piscicida. There are numerous sources of nitrogen to the basins; however, agricultural nonpoint sources have been identified as the largest contributor of nitrogen. Riparian buffers, controlled drainage, and nutrient management have been identified as effective BMPs for reducing nitrogen transport to streams under many landscape conditions. As a result, a combination of nutrient management, controlled drainage, and riparian buffer best management practices have been mandated in the Neuse River Basin to reduce the loss of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. A large portion of the agricultural nonpoint source nitrogen losses to surface waters in the Neuse River Basin originate in the Middle Coastal Plain. These lands are drained by irregularly spaced first and second order streams that have often been channelized (i.e. deepened) to enhance drainage. The riparian vegetation has often been removed from these channelized streams. The effectiveness of riparian buffers and controlled drainage are not well documented under these landscape conditions that are common in the Middle Coastal Plain region. Controlled drainage may not be economical in this region because multiple control structures would be required to maintain a suitable water table elevation in this gently sloping landscape. Implementation of riparian buffers has met strong resistance from the agricultural community due to the potential loss of land. A few studies have also found that nitrogen rich groundwater may enter deeply incised or channelized streams below the ac.
