Download or read book The Use of Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles to Determine the Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities of Managed Woodland Stands written by Stephen Michael Morris and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biodiversity in Britain s Planted Forests written by Jonathan W. Humphrey and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Fatty Acid Profiles to Study the Microbial Diversity in Soil where Different Agricultural Treatments Have Been Applied written by Joseph D. Bernardo and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book British National Bibliography for Report Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-03 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fatty Acid Profiling of Soil Microbial Communities written by MARCELO FERREIRA FERNANDES Fernandes and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method based on fatty acid (FA) analysis is used to profile microbial community structure (MCS). Various extraction protocols are available, which alter the types of FAs extracted from soils. The more time consuming but widely used protocol extracts only FAs from phospholipids (PLFA). This technique is desirable because PLFAs are largely of microbial origin and from viable cells, since they rapidly degrade upon microbial death. This stands in contrast to other more rapid methods that directly extract FAs but may extract FAs of non-microbial origin. In this thesis, two such methods of FA extraction (EL-FAME and MIDI) were compared to PLFA extracts for detecting shifts and interpreting profiles of MSC. Soil samples from a wide array of vegetation and climatic conditions were extracted by these methods, and their FA composition analyzed by gas chromatography. MIDI extracts contained major plant-specific FAs. Ordination multivariate analysis showed that separation of MCS among samples was driven mostly by these FAs, rather than by microbial FA markers. The degree of similarity between EL-FAME and PLFA results was affected by the environmental conditions. The major differences among methods were in the general fungal and arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal markers that were related to the vegetation type where soils were found. Nevertheless, cross-sample relative differences in the amounts of prokaryote FAs were not impacted by EL-FAME relative to PLFA. PLFA also was used to track shifts in MCS during the decomposition of two residues of contrasting chemical composition (maize stover, MS; and coconut husk, CH), under two N rates in a Brazilian soil. Microbial biomass-C (MBC), respiration rates and activity of C-cycle enzymes were concomitantly evaluated. A laboratory incubation was conducted for 425 d that included a simulated drought period between days 160 and 290. MS significantly impacted MCS and increased respiration rates, MBC, and enzyme activities; while changes due to CH were more subtle or non-existent. In MS, N reduced the CO2-C losses from soil, but caused no change in MBC. Higher respiration rates under low N were associated with a more bacterial-dominated community, and a higher laccase activity.

Download or read book Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis to Detect Changes in Soil Microbial Community Structure written by Åsa Frostegård and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lipid Analysis written by W. W. Christie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-01-10 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-known and highly successful book was first published in 1973 and has been completely re-written in subsequent editions (published in 1982 and 2003). This new Fourth Edition has become necessary because of the pace of developments in mass spectrometry of intact lipids, which has given recognition of lipid analysis and ‘lipidomics’ as a distinct science. To bring the book up to date with these developments, author William W. Christie is joined by co-author Xianlin Han. Although devoting considerable space to mass spectrometry and lipidomics, Lipid analysis remains a practical guide, in one volume, to the complexities of the analysis of lipids. As in past editions, it is designed to act as a primary source, of value at the laboratory bench rather than residing on a library shelf. Lipid analysis deals with the isolation, separation, identification and structural analysis of glycerolipids, including triacylglycerols, phospholipids, sphingolipids, and the various hydrolysis products of these. The chapters follow a logical sequence from the extraction of lipids to the isolation and characterization of particular lipid classes and of molecular species of each, and to the mass spectrometric analysis of lipids and lipidomics. The new influence of mass spectrometry is due mainly to the development of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). Most emphasis in this book is placed on ESI, which is enabling structural characterization of different lipid classes and the identification of novel lipids and their molecular species.

Download or read book Investigation of a Microbial Community Using Phospholipid Ester linked Fatty Acids from a Black Shale Weathering Profile written by Rachel K. Sanderoff and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Functional Profiles of Soil Microbial Communities in Second growth Douglas fir Forests of the Pacific Northwest written by Megan L. McGinnis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests are one of the largest repositories of terrestrial C. Understanding factors that drive organic matter transformations and nutrient efflux from these systems is therefore highly important. Temperate forests are of particular significance due to the large fraction of C that is stored below ground in the soil. Characterizing nutrient transformations, especially for C and N, and factors that influence their mineralization is critical in managing these ecosystems sustainably. The objective of this study was to characterize the metabolic function of the soil microbial community as it relates to C and N cycling in managed second-growth Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest. In the first study, extracellular enzyme profiles were characterized and correlated with a wide range of environmental variables present at nine sites located in western Oregon and Washington. Enzyme profiles were also correlated with measures of microbial biomass and with C and N mineralization rates obtained from a two-month incubation. Sites varied significantly from one another in all enzymes. C-cycling enzymes were correlated with respired C, and N-cycling enzymes, in addition to phosphatase and oxidative enzymes, were correlated with released N. Enzyme profiles grouped similarly for sites of the same soil type. Abiotic factors such as CEC, EC, and cation concentrations were correlated strongly with many enzymes, suggesting that soil physical and chemical properties influence extracellular enzyme function. In the second study, a year-long soil microcosm incubation measured respired C as well as total released N: NO3−, NH4, and dissolved organic N (DON). These cumulative mineralization measurements were fitted with kinetic models to characterize C and N cycling in the same nine soils. Mineralization rates, and their descriptive parameters derived from the models, were correlated with the same set of environmental characteristics and enzyme activities from the previous study. Total soil C and N, as well as microbial biomass, were strongly positively correlated with both C and N mineralization. However, abiotic factors such as soil chemical components also had significant effects. This, coupled with anomalous behavior noted in C mineralization in response to leaching treatments, may suggest substrate supply to microorganisms constrains much of C mineralization. N mineralization seemed strongly tied to biotic factors in addition to abiotic factors. Often in studies of N dynamics in soil, only mineralized N (NO3− and NH4) are examined; our study revealed that DON was the largest fraction of released N in these systems, and dynamics of DON in N cycle warrant further research. Together, these studies provide insights into factors that drive soil microbial community function across a broad range of site conditions for Douglas-fir dominated forests of the Pacific Northwest region and could serve as a baseline for future research.

Download or read book Patterns in Forest Soil Microbial Community Composition Across a Range of Regional Climates in Western Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil microbial communities can be characterized by community structure and function (community composition) across a spectrum of spatial scales, and variation in soil microbial composition has been associated with a number of environmental gradients. This study investigates the structure and function of soil microbial communities under mature, undisturbed forested sites across a range of regional climates in British Columbia and Alberta, and also examines the variation in community composition within sites. Phospholipid fatty acid analysis was used to investigate the structure of soil microbial communities and total soil microbial biomass at each site. Extra-cellular enzyme assays established the functional potential of the soil microbial community at each site. Multivariate analysis of the data showed that the soil microbial communities under different forest types did significantly separate along the regional climate gradient by both community structure and function, despite high local variation in the communities. Soil moisture content and soil organic matter concentration consistently exhibited the strongest relationship with microbial community characteristics, although the functional and structural responses to the external drivers were different. Microbial community function and structure also changed with soil depth but not with time of sampling. Microbial community function was related to the regional annual average precipitation gradient. Most of the locations exhibited unique microbial community functional profiles in their soil layers; however the enzyme activities in the samples from the driest (Ponderosa Pine) and wettest (Mountain Hemlock) locations were notably different from each other and from those of the other locations, especially in the organic layers. The moist maritime-influenced Coastal Western Hemlock (CWH) forest exhibited microbial community structural characteristics which were unique from those of the other forest locations. The higher.

Download or read book Modern Soil Microbiology Second Edition written by Jan Dirk van Elsas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-21 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ten years since the publication of Modern Soil Microbiology, the study of soil microbiology has significantly changed, both in the understanding of the diversity and function of soil microbial communities and in research methods. Ideal for students in a variety of disciplines, this second edition provides a cutting-edge examination of a fascinating discipline that encompasses ecology, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology, and makes use of biochemical and biophysical approaches. The chapters cover topics ranging from the fundamental to the applied and describe the use of advanced methods that have provided a great thrust to the discipline of soil microbiology. Using the latest molecular analyses, they integrate principles of soil microbiology with novel insights into the physiology of soil microorganisms. The authors discuss the soil and rhizosphere as habitats for microorganisms, then go on to describe the different microbial groups, their adaptive responses, and their respective processes in interactive and functional terms. The book highlights a range of applied aspects of soil microbiology, including the nature of disease-suppressive soils, the use of biological control agents, biopesticides and bioremediation agents, and the need for correct statistics and experimentation in the analyses of the data obtained from soil systems.

Download or read book Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis as Part of the Yucca Mountain Project Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In support of the Yucca Mountain subsurface microbial characterization project phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses for viable microbial biomass, community composition and nutritional status were performed. Results showed a positive correlation between a decrease in viable biomass and increase in depth with the lowest biomass values being obtained from the Topopah Spring geologic horizon. A plot of the ratio of non-viable (diglyceride fatty acids) to viable (PLFA) cells also showed the lowest values to derive from the Topopah Spring horizon. Estimations of microbial community composition, made from the patterns of PLFA recovered from the sediment samples, revealed similarities between samples collected within the same geologic horizons: Tiva Canyon, Pre-Pah Canyon and Topopah Spring. Results indicated the presence of mixed communities composed of gram positive, gram negative, actinomycete and obligate anaerobic bacteria. Culturable organisms, recovered from similar sediments, were representative of the same bacterial classifications although gram positive bacterial isolates typically outnumbered gram negative isolates. Within the gram negative bacterial community, corroborative indicators of physiological stress were apparent in the Topopah Spring horizon.

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter Cycling in Novel and Natural Boreal Forest Ecosystems written by Charlotte Emma Norris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The western boreal forest of Canada, where the upland regions are dominated by stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), is now home to novel ecosystems, i.e.; ecosystems composed of reclaimed stands formed from trees planted on constructed anthropogenic soils. This study set out to determine if soils from these natural and novel ecosystems differed in terms of their biogeochemical functioning. Using a multi-faceted approach this study examined several ecosystem function variables linked to soil organic matter composition, microbial communities and nitrogen fluxes. A survey of 42 sites showed that soil n-alkanes, biomarkers of vegetation inputs, were more concentrated and had distinct signatures in natural compared to novel ecosystems. Mineral soils from reclaimed stands, natural aspen and spruce stands showed a distinct microbial community structure as was demonstrated using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as microbial biomarkers following addition of 13C-glucose in a laboratory incubation. Further probing by compound specific analysis (CSA) of the 13C-enriched PLFAs determined that microbial incorporation of 13C-glucose was different among soils. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of double-labeled (13C, 15N) aspen leaves and roots generated for tracer studies confirmed that isotopic enrichment across biopolymers and tissues was time dependent. In a subsequent field incubation, where the labeled aspen leaf litter was added to the forest floors of aspen and spruce stands, soil microorganisms maintained an active nitrogen cycle between fresh litter and live vegetation at both stands, yet remained structurally distinct. However, CSA indicated overlap in the 13C enrichment of some PLFA biomarkers between stands. Finally, the addition of 15N labelled aspen leaf litter to reclaimed and natural forest stands demonstrated the importance of vegetation inputs not only as a source of nitrogen for growing vegetation but also as a way to improve soil moisture and soil microbial biomass on all sites. Cumulatively, these results not only enhance our understanding of organic matter cycling in natural and novel boreal forest ecosystems but, more importantly, they also provide results on conceptual ideas to guide future research.

Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Dr. Johannes Lehmann and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2009 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure, or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process.This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Biological Diversity and Function in Soils written by Richard Bardgett and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-09-22 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamic nature of current research into soil biodiversity is reflected in this excellent volume.

Download or read book Disturbance Effects on Soil Carbon and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Forest Ecosystems written by Scott X. Chang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-23 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest ecosystems are often disturbed by agents such as harvesting, fire, wind, insects and diseases, and acid deposition, with differing intensities and frequencies. Such disturbances can markedly affect the amount, form, and stability of soil organic carbon in, and the emission of greenhouse gases, including CO2, CH4, and N2O from, forest ecosystems. It is vitally important that we improve our understanding of the impact of different disturbance regimes on forest soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions to guide our future research, forest management practices, and policy development. This Special Issue provides an important update on the disturbance effects on soil carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in forest ecosystems in different climate regions.

Download or read book Colour Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae written by R. Agerer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: