Download or read book The Use of Noncontingent Reinforcement for the Reduction of Problem Behavior and the Application of Weber s Law to a Fading Procedure written by Lisa Neitzke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Research to Practice Applying Noncontingent Reinforcement written by Joanna R. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is an antecedent manipulation used to decrease problem behaviors. NCR is often used as an intervention for severe problem behaviors that are too dangerous to risk the possibility of extinction-induced side effects. During an NCR procedure, reinforcers are delivered on a fixed-time (FT) or variable-time (VT) schedule of reinforcement, regardless of the participant's behavior. The first section of the current paper defines NCR, discusses the history of the procedure, and explains the mechanism of action. The second portion includes a literature review of NCR procedures used to treat target behaviors maintained by social positive reinforcement, social negative reinforcement, and automatic reinforcement. The review is comprised of articles published in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Following the review, the limiting factors in the natural environment are addressed, as well as, possible solutions to those limitations. Finally, the paper concludes with the implications of NCR research and suggestions for best practice.
Download or read book The Application of Noncontingent Reinforcement in an Assessment and Treatment Procedure to Reduce the Problematic Behavior of Children in the General Education Classroom written by Ernest Whitmarsh and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Effects of Noncontingent Reinforcement on Behavior Maintained by Automatic Reinforcement written by Jana Lindberg and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Thesis Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Long-term Effects of Noncontingent Reinforcement on Behavior Maintained by Automatic Reinforcement" by Jana Seiter Lindberg, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
Download or read book Noncontingent Reinforcement in the Treatment of Self injurious Behavior written by Raymond Julius Strawn and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research literature suggests that noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) might be a promising applied behavioral technology. NCR involves the delivery of reinforcers independent of an individual's responding. the present study therefore examined the effect of NCR in the treatment of self-injurious behaviors (SIB) exhibited by two mentally challenged adults in their naturally occurring environments. A multiple session, single participant design was employed with each session consisting of a one hour baseline condition followed by the delivery of NCR for one hour on a fixed time five minute schedule followed by an NCR withdrawal condition lasting one hour. Both participants' SIB decreased relative to their baseline rates following the provision of NCR across all study sessions. the present study supports the findings of previous research demonstrating the reductive effect of NCR as a therapeutic behavioral intervention and further demonstrates the ability of NCR to reduce problem behaviors for periods of up to one hour under naturally occurring conditions.
Download or read book The Effect of a Discriminative Stimulus on Problem Behavior During Treatment with Noncontingent Reinforcement written by Djimir Gouboth and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concurrent Reinforcement Schedules for Problem Behavior and Appropriate Behavior Experimental Applications of the Matching Law written by Carrie S. W. Borrero and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine if children who exhibit problem behavior would allocate responding in direct proportion to experimentally arranged reinforcement rates. Relative reinforcer rates were manipulated to evaluate changes in relative response rate on concurrent variable-interval (VI) schedules, and results were interpreted using two iterations of the matching equation: the strict (simple) matching equation (Herrnstein, 1961) and the generalized matching equation (Baum, 1974a). Three individuals diagnosed with developmental disabilities, who engaged in severe problem behavior, participated. In Experiment 1, functional analyses were conducted to determine the reinforcers for problem behavior. Results showed that problem behavior was sensitive to social positive reinforcement in the form of access to tangible items and social negative reinforcement in the form of escape from instructional demands for one participant, social positive reinforcement in the form of access to tangible items for another, and social positive reinforcement in the form of attention and social negative reinforcement in the form of escape from instructional demands for the third participant. In Experiment 2, concurrent schedules of reinforcement were in place for both problem and appropriate behavior. Results showed that the relative rates of responding approximated the relative rates of reinforcement. In addition, interventions for problem behavior were evaluated, and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and extinction (EXT) procedures were implemented to increase the rate of appropriate behavior and decrease the rate of problem behavior.
Download or read book Experimental Analysis of Precursors to Problem Behavior written by Jennifer N. Fritz and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Standard functional analyses require the repeated observation of a target behavior to determine behavioral function, but this method can prove problematic in the case of severe or dangerous behaviors. Previous studies have shown, however, that individuals who engage in problem behaviors sometimes engage in both mild and severe forms and that severe behaviors are observed less frequently when reinforcement is delivered contingent upon the more mild behaviors. Studies also have shown that functional analyses of mild behaviors that reportedly precede severe behaviors can (a) be members of the same operant response class and (b) reduce the number of severe topographies that are observed during the assessment. These mild behaviors (i.e., precursors) are typically identified via caregiver verbal report or informal, direct observations, but it is possible that precursors could exist even when they are not readily identifiable. Therefore, we developed a checklist to identify precursors via videotaped trials in Study 1, and results showed that the empirical method of identifying precursors successfully identified at least 1 precursor for all 16 subjects. Separate functional analyses then were conducted of precursor and severe problem behaviors for 8 subjects in Study 2, and correspondence between outcomes was observed in 7 cases. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated treatments for severe problem behavior based upon the results of precursor assessments. Therefore, we evaluated a sequential treatment consisting of a dense schedule of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) followed by NCR schedule thinning plus differential reinforcement of alternative behavior to reduce precursors, increase appropriate behavior, and maintain low rates of severe behavior. Results showed that this treatment strategy was effective for behaviors maintained by positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement.
Download or read book Reducing off task behavior using noncontingent reinforcement without extinction written by Jessica Riley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Refining Noncontingent Reinforcement Treatments Using Behavioral Momentum Theory written by Valdeep Saini and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most effective and commonly prescribed treatments for children with autism and/or an intellectual disability who engage in severe destructive behavior is called noncontingent reinforcement (NCR). During NCR, the consequence that previously reinforced destructive behavior is delivered on a time-based schedule, independent of destructive behavior, and the contingency between destructive behavior and its reinforcer is discontinued (operant extinction; EXT). Conceptual and quantitative derivations of behavioral momentum theory (BMT) suggest that certain aspects of NCR may inadvertently promote persistence of destructive behavior, thereby prolonging the treatment process. Guided by Shahan and Sweeney's (2011) model of resurgence based on BMT, this dissertation evaluated two refinements to NCR designed to reduce behavioral persistence during treatment and mitigate response resurgence following NCR when all reinforcement was withdrawn. In Experiment 1, we evaluated a procedure designed to increase the saliency of the change from contingent reinforcement to NCR by altering a reinforcer parameter related to contingency discriminability, which BMT predicts will lead to faster reductions in target responding and decrease the likelihood of resurgence. Behavioral momentum theory also predicts that implementing NCR without EXT (as is commonly done for destructive behavior maintained by sensory reinforcers) increases the likelihood of resurgence. Therefore, in Experiment 2, we compared levels of resurgence when NCR was implemented with and without EXT. Results suggest that the proposed refinements are effective, to varying degrees, at reducing behavioral persistence during NCR and mitigating response resurgence. Findings are discussed within a translational research framework and broader context of strategies used to mitigate treatment relapse for severe destructive behavior.
Download or read book Non contingent Reinforcement and Behavioral Persistence written by Aurélia Lima Costa Ribeiro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral persistence refers to the resistance of a given response rate to change when presented with a disruptor (i.e., a procedure aimed at reducing the baseline rate of responding). Basic, translational, and applied research have demonstrated that the resistance of a discriminated operant to change depends on the overall baseline rate of reinforcement, regardless of response rate, such that the greater the rate of reinforcement the greater the resistance of behavior to change. These findings suggest that adding non-contingent reinforcement (NCR) to a context in which problem behavior has been reinforced is likely to increase behavioral persistence. Thus, in this series of studies, we evaluated whether NCR increases persistence of responding during extinction (Experiment 1), as well as during other disruption procedures (Experiment 2). Our results, particularly in Experiment 2, replicate previous findings on behavioral persistence. Extinction as a procedure to test for behavioral persistence after continuous reinforcement is discussed.
Download or read book Examining Resurgence of Problem Behavior Using Differential Reinforcement with and Without Extinction written by Katie Lichtblau and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Communication Training (FCT) uses differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and extinction to reduce problem behaviors (Carr & Durand, 1985). Although DRA procedures consistently reduce destructive behavior in controlled settings, they often result in treatment relapse in the individual's natural environment due to inconsistent implementation. The current study used extinction to test resurgence levels of problem behavior following two applications of DRA conditions: (a) DRA with high procedural integrity where problem behavior only contacted extinction and (b) DRA with lapses in procedural integrity, in which problem behavior produced intermittent reinforcement. We yoked reinforcement rates across DRA applications to examine resistance to change as a function of the context-reinforcer relation predicted by Nevin and Shahan's (2011) Equation 7. During three of four comparisons, we observed greater levels of resurgence following the differential reinforcement without extinction conditions. We discuss the applied implications of these findings and directions for future research.
Download or read book The Effects of Noncontingent Reinforcement on the Maintenance of Behavioral Acquisition written by Claudia L. Dozier and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Effects of Noncontingent Reinforcement on Behavior Maintained by Automatic Reinforcement written by Jana Seiter Lindberg and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Presession Conditions on Noncontingent Reinforcement Without Extinction as a Treatment for Severe Behavior Problems written by Jennifer Lynn Crockett and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explaining Unintended Consequences of Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior Procedures Using Behavioral Momentum Theory written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral momentum theory is a model that aids in the explanation of why behaviors that undergo popular intervention procedures, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), have been found to increase in persistence and become more resistant to change, even with a reduction in frequency. The present study utilized a multiple concurrent schedule with a boy with autism who was non-verbal to increase his usage of an augmentative communication device to appropriately request for attention. Using the device was reinforced both in a context associated with reinforcement for inappropriate requests as well as in a separate context in which the inappropriate requests had never been reinforced. Then during an extinction test, discriminative stimuli from the novel context was combined with the discriminative stimuli in the target behavior context. Strengthening a response in a separate context using DRA resulted in less resistance to extinction than DRA that was implemented in a context associated with reinforcement of target behavior.
Download or read book Manipulating Parameters Of Reinforcement to Reduce Problem Behavior Without Extinction written by Soraya Shanun Kunnavatana and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has demonstrated that function-based interventions are most effective for addressing problem behavior. However, many function-based interventions, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), rely on extinction procedures. Extinction is not feasible in all cases and can be counter-therapeutic if implemented without optimal treatment integrity. Researchers have successfully implemented DRA without extinction when various parameters of reinforcement (rate, quality, magnitude, immediacy) have been manipulated to favor alternative behavior; that is, participants engaged in higher rates of alternative behavior when reinforcement was delivered contingent on both alternative and problem behavior, but the alternative response produced better reinforcement in terms of rate, quality, magnitude, or immediacy. Parameter sensitivity, however, has been found to be idiosyncratic and therefore warrants individual assessment. Previous researchers have assessed individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement in the context of problem behavior; however, this resulted in problem behavior occurring during assessment, which could be problematic given severe problem behavior. The purpose of this study was to use arbitrary responses to assess individual sensitivities to quality, magnitude, and immediacy of reinforcement maintaining problem behavior and use the results to implement an intervention for problem behavior without extinction. The results indicate that arbitrary responses may be used to identify individual sensitivities to parameters of reinforcement that maintains problem behavior. Additionally, interventions were more effective when parameters for which participants were most sensitive were manipulated than when parameters for which participants were least sensitive were manipulated.
