Download or read book The Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era H A S C No 103 7 Committee on Armed Services U S House of Representatives One Hundred Third Congress First Session written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Military Coercion and US Foreign Policy written by Melanie W. Sisson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the use of military force as a coercive tool by the United States, using lessons drawn from the post-Cold War era (1991–2018). The volume reveals that despite its status as sole superpower during the post-Cold War period, US efforts to coerce other states failed as often as they succeeded. In the coming decades, the United States will face states that are more capable and creative, willing to challenge its interests and able to take advantage of missteps and vulnerabilities. By using lessons derived from in-depth case studies and statistical analysis of an original dataset of more than 100 coercive incidents in the post-Cold War era, this book generates insight into how the US military can be used to achieve policy goals. Specifically, it provides guidance about the ways in which, and the conditions under which, the US armed forces can work in concert with economic and diplomatic elements of US power to create effective coercive strategies. This book will be of interest to students of US national security, US foreign policy, strategic studies and International Relations in general.

Download or read book The Persistent Advocate and the Use of Force written by Christian Henderson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, dispassionate empirical analysis and assessment of the discernible impact that the US has had upon the jus ad bellum in the post-Cold War era. The work focuses on the substantive areas of the jus ad bellum with which the US has most often and significantly engaged with through either its actions, justifications for actions, or adopted policies. In doing so, it draws upon the theory of interpretive communities as its framework of analysis in order to gauge any impact upon this fundamental area of international law. The Persistent Advocate and the Use of Force provides a much needed examination of one of the most controversial issues of international law in recent times whilst, on a more general level, offering a timely defence of the robustness of the jus ad bellum to the practice of powerful states.

Download or read book The United States and the Use of Force in the Post cold War Era written by Aspen Strategy Group (U.S.) and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The United States and the Use of Force in the Post cold War World written by Stanley R. Sloan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Limiting Influence written by Randy P. Oakland and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation examines the professional officer corps’ influence over decisions to use US military force after the Cold War. Case studies evaluate consistency of use-of-force decisions with criteria derived from the Powell Doctrine. Using evidence from applications of force in the Persian Gulf, Kosovo, Afghanistan, and Libya, analysis relies on a coding method to assess indicators of criteria within each case. After assessing the criteria, within-case analysis codes the influence of independent and intervening variables on the decision to use force. Independent variables include standing guidance, the advice of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and relative influence of other advisors. Intervening variables include domestic pressure and available alternatives. The within-case analysis produces an associated typology useful for comparing results across cases. The typology comparison produces conclusions useful for policy makers considering changes to the American system entrusted with decisions to use military force."--Abstract.

Download or read book The Use of United States Military Force in the Post Cold War Era written by Kim N. Reed and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international security environment has experienced vast changes since the end of the Cold War. As a result of these changes, a conflict has developed in the United States between political and military organizations regarding the role of armed forces and the use of military force, The military frequently takes the position that its primary responsibility is national defense. This dissertation supports that position. Although the armed forces can be used for broader missions, such as peacekeeping and peace enforcement, the use of military force should not be authorized if it threatens the military's ability to maintain national defense. The post Cold War environment has presented the United States military with the additional challenge of doing more with less. Since the end of the Cold War, the military's resources and personnel have decreased while the number of military operations have increased. Because the United States is the leading superpower, the international community expects the United States to respond to conflicts. However, there must be guidelines for deciding when to authorize the use of military force to ensure that the military is not stretched beyond its limits of effectiveness. As former Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger has pointed out, "America must be selective in its actions. It cannot take on all the world's troubles."1 In a constantly changing security environment, it is essential that political and military leaders have guidelines to follow when making the difficult decision of authorizing the use of military force. This dissertation provides guidelines for the authorization of military force in the post Cold War era.

Download or read book American Force written by Richard K. Betts and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While American national security policy has grown more interventionist since the Cold War, Washington has also hoped to shape the world on the cheap. Misled by the stunning success against Iraq in 1991, administrations of both parties have pursued ambitious aims with limited force, committing the country's military frequently yet often hesitantly, with inconsistent justification. These ventures have produced strategic confusion, unplanned entanglements, and indecisive results. This collection of essays by Richard K. Betts, a leading international politics scholar, investigates the use of American force since the end of the Cold War, suggesting guidelines for making it more selective and successful. Betts brings his extensive knowledge of twentieth century American diplomatic and military history to bear on the full range of theory and practice in national security, surveying the Cold War roots of recent initiatives and arguing that U.S. policy has always been more unilateral than liberal theorists claim. He exposes mistakes made by humanitarian interventions and peace operations; reviews the issues raised by terrorism and the use of modern nuclear, biological, and cyber weapons; evaluates the case for preventive war, which almost always proves wrong; weighs the lessons learned from campaigns in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam; assesses the rise of China and the resurgence of Russia; quells concerns about civil-military relations; exposes anomalies within recent defense budgets; and confronts the practical barriers to effective strategy. Betts ultimately argues for greater caution and restraint, while encouraging more decisive action when force is required, and he recommends a more dispassionate assessment of national security interests, even in the face of global instability and unfamiliar threats.

Download or read book Intervention written by Richard Haass and published by Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. This book was released on 1999 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Fact Sheet Draws upon case studies - including Iraq, Bosnia, Haiti, Somalia, & Lebanon - & suggests political & military guidelines for potential U.S. military interventions ranging from peacekeeping & humanitarian operations to preventative strikes & all-out warfare.

Download or read book Redefining Sovereignty written by Michael Bothe and published by Brill Nijhoff. This book was released on 2005 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With considerable insight and analysis, the editors and contributors to the book--the world's leading ethicists, political scientists and international lawyers--investigate the use of force since the end of the Cold War and, simultaneously, what changes have or should occur with respect to sovereignty and the law in the 21st century. Redefining Sovereignty has resulted from three groundbreaking workshops on international law and the use of force: the first was held in Rome soon after NATO's 1999 intervention in Kosovo; the second took place in Frankfurt after the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan; and the third occurred in Columbus, Ohio after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Together, these and other uses of armed force since the end of the Cold War have raised new and challenging questions for the international law and policy on the regulation of armed conflict. These questions are explored in the thoughtful text, including: With the end of superpower rivalry have these uses of force had a particular impact on the state system? Have they, for example, affected the concept of state sovereignty? Have they affected the legal regime on the use of force? By the time of the Iraq invasion in March 2003, had some uses of force long-considered prohibited by the principle of non-intervention become lawful? Did the use of force to protect human rights, to respond to terrorism, for arms control or to preempt future threats become lawful or if not lawful, somehow otherwise legitimate? Published under the Transnational Publishers imprint.

Download or read book Democracy by Force written by Karin von Hippel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War, the international community, and the USA in particular, has intervened in a series of civil conflicts around the world. In a number of cases, where actions such as economic sanctions or diplomatic pressures have failed, military interventions have been undertaken. This 1999 book examines four US-sponsored interventions (Panama, Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia), focusing on efforts to reconstruct the state which have followed military action. Such nation-building is vital if conflict is not to recur. In each of the four cases, Karin von Hippel considers the factors which led the USA to intervene, the path of military intervention, and the nation-building efforts which followed. The book seeks to provide a greater understanding of the successes and failures of US policy, to improve strategies for reconstruction, and to provide some insight into the conditions under which intervention and nation-building are likely to succeed.

Download or read book The Use of United States Military Force in the Post Cold War Era written by Kim N. Reed and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Post Cold War Conflict Deterrence written by Naval Studies Board and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-16 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence as a strategic concept evolved during the Cold War. During that period, deterrence strategy was aimed mainly at preventing aggression against the United States and its close allies by the hostile Communist power centers--the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its allies, Communist China and North Korea. In particular, the strategy was devised to prevent aggression involving nuclear attack by the USSR or China. Since the end of the Cold War, the risk of war among the major powers has subsided to the lowest point in modern history. Still, the changing nature of the threats to American and allied security interests has stimulated a considerable broadening of the deterrence concept. Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence examines the meaning of deterrence in this new environment and identifies key elements of a post-Cold War deterrence strategy and the critical issues in devising such a strategy. It further examines the significance of these findings for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Quantitative and qualitative measures to support judgments about the potential success or failure of deterrence are identified. Such measures will bear on the suitability of the naval forces to meet the deterrence objectives. The capabilities of U.S. naval forces that especially bear on the deterrence objectives also are examined. Finally, the book examines the utility of models, games, and simulations as decision aids in improving the naval forces' understanding of situations in which deterrence must be used and in improving the potential success of deterrence actions.

Download or read book The Politics of Military Force written by Frank Stengel and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Politics of Military Force examines the dynamics of discursive change that made participation in military operations possible against the background of German antimilitarist culture. Once considered a strict taboo, so-called out-of-area operations have now become widely considered by German policymakers to be without alternative. The book argues that an understanding of how certain policies are made possible (in this case, military operations abroad and force transformation), one needs to focus on processes of discursive change that result in different policy options appearing rational, appropriate, feasible, or even self-evident. Drawing on Essex School discourse theory, the book develops a theoretical framework to understand how discursive change works, and elaborates on how discursive change makes once unthinkable policy options not only acceptable but even without alternative. Based on a detailed discourse analysis of more than 25 years of German parliamentary debates, The Politics of Military Force provides an explanation for: (1) the emergence of a new hegemonic discourse in German security policy after the end of the Cold War (discursive change), (2) the rearticulation of German antimilitarism in the process (ideational change/norm erosion) and (3) the resulting making-possible of military operations and force transformation (policy change). In doing so, the book also demonstrates the added value of a poststructuralist approach compared to the naive realism and linear conceptions of norm change so prominent in the study of German foreign policy and International Relations more generally.

Download or read book The Use of Force in the Post Cold War Era written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anatomy of Dissent written by Thomas Burke and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the history of the United States, presidents have used the threat or actual use of military force as an instrument of foreign policy, often but not always in furtherance of vital national security interests. In the post-Cold War era, the United States used military force abroad for a range of non-vital purposes: to stop genocide and ethnic cleansing; to neutralize specific threats within a target state; and to provide humanitarian assistance by deterring attacks against vulnerable populations. These interventionist uses of military force have not gone unchallenged, especially by senior military leaders who view the military's central purpose as fighting and winning the nation's wars. The central question of this research asks: in the post-Cold War era, why are senior U.S. military leaders likely to resist presidential foreign policy decisions involving the use of force? While there exists a considerable body of theoretical and empirical literature on the U.S. military's preferences for when and how force should be used, it often focuses on what the military prefers without explicitly addressing why or from whence these preferences take shape in the first place. This dissertation has two principal objectives: first, and by following a multiple-case study methodology, it seeks to confirm or deny the findings from extensive survey data regarding senior U.S. military leader preferences for when and how military force should be used in U.S. foreign policy; second, it seeks to determine if generalizations may be made as to those conditions under which senior U.S. military leaders will likely resist the use of military force. This dissertation will accomplish these objectives by examining the use of force in three cases--Somalia (1992); Bosnia (1992-1995); and Iraq (2003)--to understand the role of structure and organizational culture on military behavior and, consequently, how those influences shape military preferences regarding when and under what conditions force should be used. My analytical strategy uses theoretical propositions while exploring rival explanations, and my analytical techniques include pattern matching and explanation building to understand the complexities inherent in the phenomenon of resistance. I then use cross-case synthesis to ensure a replication logic follows from case to case. For this dissertation, the variable of interest is senior U.S. military leader resistance, which is defined as that provision of "considered military advice" that recommends against the use of force. My research plan included consulting existing case studies, peer-reviewed histories, selected memories, biographies, declassified National Security Council minutes, op-eds, and foreign policy publications. When able, I conducted structured interviews with relevant senior military leaders involved in the decision-making process. My intent is to contribute to the existing literature in two important ways. First, and perhaps most importantly, this dissertation attempts to determine whether causal linkages exist between my proposed hypotheses--to include rival theories--and the phenomenon of senior U.S. military leaders resisting presidential foreign policy decisions involving use of force in the post-Cold War era. Second, and through my study of additional theoretical literatures on the role of structure and organizational culture in shaping values and interests, this piece intends to explain why senior military leaders believe as they do and, therefore, behave predictably and consistently across cases and over time in a post-Cold War context.