Download or read book The Use of Earnings and Operations Management to Avoid Credit Rating Downgrades written by Paula Hill and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firms placed on negative credit watch face the threat of a credit rating downgrade. At the same time, they are given the opportunity to put recovery efforts in place to retain their current credit rating. In this paper, we test to what extent firms use earnings management as a short-term recovery strategy. We find that both accruals-based and real earnings management are associated with firms avoiding credit rating downgrades, and that these alternative earnings management strategies tend to be complements rather than substitutes. However, following the passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, only real earnings management is significantly associated with the credit watch outcome. We find evidence that firms which maintain their rating via earnings management are better able to afford the inevitable earnings reversals, and that in the year following the credit watch period the credit rating performance of these firms is significantly better than firms which undergo a downgrade, with fewer downgrades and more upgrades in this period. Our results also imply that credit rating agencies are not misled by earnings management but rather allow for some discretion in reporting earnings that facilitates the dissemination of private information about future firm performance.
Download or read book Management Earnings Guidance and Future Credit Rating Agency Actions written by An-Ping Lin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While credit rating agencies use both forward-looking and historical information in evaluating a firm's credit risk, the role of forward-looking information in their rating decisions is not well understood. In this study, I examine the association between management earnings guidance news and future credit rating changes. While upward earnings guidance is not informative for credit rating changes, downward earnings guidance is significantly and positively associated with both the likelihood and speed of rating downgrades. In cross-sectional analyses, I find that downward guidance is especially informative in two important circumstances: (i) when a firm's current credit rating is overly optimistic compared to a model predicted rating, and (ii) when the relevance or reliability of alternative information sources is lower. In addition, I find that downward guidance is associated with lower future cash flows, as well as a higher volatility of future cash flows. Overall, the results are consistent with credit rating agencies incorporating voluntary bad news disclosures into their decisions about whether and when to downgrade a firm.
Download or read book Credit Rating Changes and Earnings Management written by Young Sang Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine whether they engage in income-increasing accruals manipulation (AM) or real activities earnings management (RM) to affect the future rating changes when firm managers have private information about the upcoming credit rating change. Using the large sample of U.S. data over the period of 1990-2011, we find that firms with upcoming credit rating changes are likely to engage in real activities earnings management, whereas they tend to decrease discretionary accruals before credit rating changes. We also find a positive relation between real activities management and credit rating upgrades, but no relation with between real activities management and downgrades. The findings suggest that the firm's management tries to influence the upcoming changes of credit ratings by actively engaging in real activities earnings management rather than accruals-based earnings management.
Download or read book Proximity to Broad Credit Rating Change and Earnings Management written by Ashiq Ali and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper shows that firms near a broad credit rating change, that is, a rating with a plus or minus specification, tend to inflate their reported earnings more than firms that are not near a broad credit rating change. Our measures of earnings inflation are discretionary accruals and conservatism in reported earnings. Our results are consistent with the notion that due to regulatory and contractual factors related to broad ratings (Kisgen [2006]), firms benefit (lose) more from an upgrade (downgrade) to a higher (lower) broad rating category as compared to an upgrade (downgrade) within a broad rating category. Our results also suggest that firms believe that by inflating earnings they can influence credit rating agencies' decision to upgrade or downgrade.
Download or read book Earnings Smoothing Activities of Firms to Manage Credit Ratings written by Boochun Jung and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit ratings have significant implications for firms, including the cost of future borrowing and immediate impacts on stock and bond valuations. Because of this, managers have incentives to improve or maintain their credit ratings by influencing rating agencies' perception of credit risk. We focus on earnings smoothing, a long-term strategy that is available to a broad range of rated firms, as one way in which bond issuers affect credit ratings. We hypothesize that firms within broad rating categories (e.g., AA) have differential incentives to smooth earnings, depending on whether their rating is at the top or bottom notch of the rating category (e.g., AA or AA-, respectively) versus in the middle of the rating category (e.g., AA). This increased incentive stems from a higher probability of being upgraded (downgraded) into the next higher (lower) broad rating category for firms in the outer notches relative to firms in the middle notch. Our empirical evidence is consistent with increased earnings smoothing for firms at the top notch of the rating category. We also find that for firms in the top notch, increased earnings smoothness has a favorable impact on the likelihood of a rating upgrade in the subsequent period. Our evidence suggests that managers use long-term financial reporting strategies to impact perceptions of credit risk.
Download or read book Multinational Finance written by Kirt C. Butler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth treatment of the international financial arena Multinational Finance, Fifth Edition assumes the viewpoint of the financial manager of a multinational corporation with investment or financial operations in more than one country. This book provides a framework for evaluating the many opportunities, costs, and risks of multinational operations in a manner that allows readers to see beyond the math and terminology surrounding this field to realize the general principles of multinational financial management. Logically organized and written in a clear, non-technical style, this book includes information on international finance topics such as foreign exchange, currency and derivatives markets, currency risk (transaction, operating, and translation) management, country risk, international taxation, capital structure, cost of capital, and international portfolio diversification. It also offers unique chapters on multinational treasury management, the rationale for hedging currency risks, options on real assets, international corporate governance, asset pricing, and portfolio management. Emphasizes the managerial aspects of multinational finance with graphs, figures, and the use of numerous real-world examples Expands on the treatment of parity disequilibria to include exchange rate expectations that differ from parity and a project's operating exposure to currency risk Provides an overview and comparison of the various derivative instruments and their use in risk hedging Contains valuable insights on valuation and management of a multinational corporation's investments If you're looking for the best way to gain a firm understanding of multinational finance, look no further than the fifth edition of this classic text.
Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.
Download or read book Standard Poor s Creditweek written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantitative Enterprise Risk Management written by Mary R. Hardy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This relevant, readable text integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches, connecting key mathematical tools to real-world challenges.
Download or read book Earnings Management written by Joshua Ronen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Download or read book Wall Street and the Financial Crisis Anatomy of a Financial Collapse written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Management written by D. Chorafas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-12-12 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author outlines the reasons why management risk must be examined within the perspective of each company's business challenges. He suggests there is a synergy between shareholder value and business ethics. He also underlines the importance of honesty, the risks associated with short-sighted management and over-centralisation, the benefits of innovative strategies and senior management's accountability for reliable financial reporting. The text is based on an extensive research project done by the author between 2000 and 2002 in the US, the UK, France, Italy and Switzerland.
Download or read book Credit Risk Management written by Joetta Colquitt and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Credit Risk Management is a comprehensive textbook that looks at the total integrated process for managing credit risk, ranging from the risk assessment of a single obligor to the risk measurement of an entire portfolio. This expert learning tool introduces the principle concepts of credit risk analysis...explains the techniques used for improving the effectiveness of balance sheet management in financial institutions...and shows how to manage credit risks under competitive and realistic conditions. Credit Risk Management presents step-by-step coverage of: The Credit Process_discussing the operational practices and structural processes to implement and create a sound credit environment The Lending Objectives_explaining the credit selection process that is used to evaluate new business, and describing how transaction risk exposure becomes incorporated into portfolio selection risk Company Funding Strategies_presenting an overview of the funding strategies on some of the more commonly used financial products in the extension of business credit Company Specific Risk Evaluation_outlining some fundamental credit analysis applications that can be used to assess transactions through the framework of a risk evaluation guide Qualitative Specific Risk Evaluation_offering additional approaches to risk evaluate a borrower's industry and management Credit Risk Measurement_defining the role of credit risk measurement, presenting a basic framework to measure credit risk, and discussing some of the standard measurement applications to quantify the economic loss on a transaction's credit exposure Credit Portfolio Management_exploring the basic concepts behind credit portfolio management, and highlighting the distinctive factors that drive the management of a portfolio of credit assets compared to a single asset Credit Rating Systems_analyzing the pivotal role that credit rating systems have come to play in managing credit risk for lenders The Economics of Credit_showing how the modern credit risk approach has changed the economics of credit in order to achieve more profitable earnings and maintain global stability in the financial markets Filled with a wide range of study aids, Credit Risk Management is today's best guide to the concepts and practices of modern credit risk management, offering practitioners a detailed roadmap for avoiding lending mishaps and maximizing profits.
Download or read book Understanding the Securitization of Subprime Mortgage Credit written by Adam B. Ashcraft and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of the subprime mortgage securitization process and the seven key informational frictions that arise. Discusses the ways that market participants work to minimize these frictions and speculate on how this process broke down. Continues with a complete picture of the subprime borrower and the subprime loan, discussing both predatory borrowing and predatory lending. Presents the key structural features of a typical subprime securitization, documents how rating agencies assign credit ratings to mortgage-backed securities, and outlines how these agencies monitor the performance of mortgage pools over time. The authors draw upon the example of a mortgage pool securitized by New Century Financial during 2006. Illustrations.
Download or read book History of the Railroads and Canals of the United States written by Henry Varnum Poor and published by . This book was released on 1860 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Moody s Analyses of Railroad Investments written by John Moody and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing in detailed form an expert comparative analysis of each of the railroad systems of the United States, with careful deductions, enabling the banker and investor to ascertain the true values of securities by a method based on scientific principles properly applied to facts.
Download or read book A Pragmatist s Guide to Leveraged Finance written by Robert S. Kricheff and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2012-02-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-yield leveraged bond and loan market (“junk bonds”) is now valued at $3+ trillion in North America, €1 trillion in Europe, and another $1 trillion in emerging markets. What’s more, based on the maturity schedules of current debt, it’s poised for massive growth. To successfully issue, evaluate, and invest in high-yield debt, however, financial professionals need credit and bond analysis skills specific to these instruments. Now, for the first time, there’s a complete, practical, and expert tutorial and workbook covering all facets of modern leveraged finance analysis. In A Pragmatist’s Guide to Leveraged Finance, Credit Suisse managing director Bob Kricheff explains why conventional analysis techniques are inadequate for leveraged instruments, clearly defines the unique challenges sellers and buyers face, walks step-by-step through deriving essential data for pricing and decision-making, and demonstrates how to apply it. Using practical examples, sample documents, Excel worksheets, and graphs, Kricheff covers all this, and much more: yields, spreads, and total return; ratio analysis of liquidity and asset value; business trend analysis; modeling and scenarios; potential interest rate impacts; evaluating and potentially escaping leveraged finance covenants; how to assess equity (and why it matters); investing on news and events; early stage credit; and creating accurate credit snapshots. This book is an indispensable resource for all investment and underwriting professionals, money managers, consultants, accountants, advisors, and lawyers working in leveraged finance. In fact, it teaches credit analysis skills that will be valuable in analyzing a wide variety of higher-risk investments, including growth stocks.
