Download or read book The Use of Apparent Molecular Weight Distribution to Evaluate the Transformation of Natural Organic Matter During Ozonation and Biological Treatment written by Julie Anne Mellema and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozonation Ultrafiltration and Biofiltration for the Control of NOM and DBP in Drinking Water written by Kuan-chung Chen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Use of Ozonation and Catalytic Ozonation Combined with Ultrafiltration for the Control of Natural Organic Matter NOM and Disinfection By products DBPS in Drinking Water written by Bhavana Sushilkumar Karnik and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor's years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. - Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM - Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM - Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpää and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 77 percent of the freshwater used in the United States comes from surface-water sources and is subject to natural organic matter contamination according to the United States Geological Survey. This presents a distinct challenge to water treatment engineers. An essential resource to the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water, Natural Organic Matter in Waters: Characterization and Treatment Methods focuses on advance filtration and treatment options, and processes for reducing disinfection byproducts. Based on the author's years of research and field experience, this book begins with the characterization of NOM including: general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis and biological testing. This is followed by removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. Electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as: electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and membrane fouling. - Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods - Includes characterization methods of NOM - Explains removal methods such as: removal by coagulation, electrochemical, advanced oxidation, and integrated methods
Download or read book A Comprehensive Assessment of the Effects of Ozone and UV Radiation on the Molecular Weight and Optical Properties of Natural Water and Wastewater Effluent Dissolved Organic Matter written by Allison Lee Paul and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The work presented concentrations on better understanding the physical and chemical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in two distinctly different aquatic environments. More specifically, examining the degradation of DOM before and after oxidation treatments with ozone, ultra violet radiation (UVR), and combination of the two. DOM consists of low and high molecular weight species such as humic substances, hydrophilic acids, carboxylic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and hydrocarbons [1]. DOM is a component of the carbon cycle, serves as a nutrient source, impacts treatment processes, and plays an important role in the transportation of aquatic contaminates. However, the exact structure of DOM is still not fully understood because of its complex nature and origin. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to DOM, including its role in natural and wastewater systems. This chapter also discusses the different types of oxidation processes and the interactions of oxidation with DOM. Chapter 2 is a brief introduction to the four analytical techniques that will be used in the analysis of natural water DOM (NDOM) and wastewater effluent DOM (efDOM). The four analytical techniques include: size exclusion chromatography (SEC), time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS), ultra-violet visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, and excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEMS). Chapter 3 is understanding DOM in a natural water system. DOM is a key component in freshwater ecosystems, and strongly influences the optical, chemical, and biological environment. Therefore, it becomes important to understand the nature of DOM within this system. Many natural water systems are treated for drinking water purposes at water treatment facilities with the use of chlorine. The formation of hazardous disinfection by-products (DBPs) from the interaction of chlorine with DOM has lead to finding alternative methods for disinfection. The use of ozone, UVR, and the combination of these two will be examined on the degradation and removed of DOM in a natural water system. Chapter 4 is understanding the degradation DOM in a wastewater system after oxidation treatment. Natural water systems are known to be more of terrestrial origin, whereas wastewater is of microbally-derived origin. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of oxidants in terrestrially-derived and microbally-derived systems. Chapter 5 aims at comparing NDOM and efDOM before and after advanced oxidation treatment (AOP). AOP is the combination of ozone and UVR. More specifically, this research examines two types of AOP treatments: (1) ozone and UVR from an artificial radiation source and (2) ozone and UVR from a natural radiation source. The will be determined which type of AOP is best suited for the degradation and removal of DOM in both systems and to determine if AOP has the same or different effect of DOM of two distinctly different systems. Four analytical techniques will be used in combination in order to better understand DOM characteristics for the studies performed in chapters 3, 4, and 5. Multimethod analysis will be used to develop a broad view of the DOM characteristics and will aid in revealing similarities and differences in NDOM and efDOM before and after advanced oxidation treatments. These four techniques include: (1) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to qualitatively and quantitatively understand the molecular weight distribution of DOM, (2) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) to separate DOM based on the mass-to-charge ratio, (3) ultraviolet-visable (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy to understand the chromophoric character of DOM, and (4) exitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy to understand the fluorophoric origin of DOM. Chapter 6 is understanding the effects of microalgae bioremediation on wastewater DOM. Microalgae serve a dual role: they are environmentally-friendly alternatives to disinfection/oxidation of wastewater and produce biomass that can be used as biofuels and feeds. The most suitable conditions for maximum microalgae growth, and therefore maximum biomass and feed production is still largely unknown because microalgae growth depends on factors such as pH and temperature, concentration of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic carbon, availability of light, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Therefore, it is important to determine where in the treatment process would be suitable for maximum algae growth and greatest degradation of DOM. Two analytical techniques will be used collectively to better understand the interactions of microalgae and DOM-size exclusion chromatography and excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy.
Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Download or read book Ozonation written by Marc Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ozonation in Organic Chemistry V2 written by Philip S. Bailey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ozonation in Organic Chemistry, Volume II: Nonolefinic Compounds discusses the reactions of ozone with organic compounds. The book presents the role of ozone in air pollution. It demonstrates the use of ozonation in wastewater purification, effects of ozone on biological systems, and degradation of rubber. The text describes the ozonation of acetylenic compounds, benzene, and substituted benzenes. It discusses the bond attack on benz-fused carbocyclics. Another topic of interest is the mechanism of ozonation of anthracene. The section that follows describes the electrophilic ozone attack on nitrogen. The book will provide valuable insights for chemists, environmentalists, students, and researchers in the field of organic chemistry.
Download or read book Effects of Ozonation Vs Chlorination Water Treatment Operations on Natural Organic Matter Fractions written by Taha F. Marhaba and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Optimizing Ozonation for Turbidity and Organics TOC Removal by Coagulation and Filtration written by William C. Becker and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1996-11 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Download or read book Human Pharmaceuticals Hormones and Fragrances written by Thomas Ternes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-30 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The observed concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in raw wastewater confirm that municipal wastewater represents the main disposal pathway for the PPCPs consumed in households, hospitals and industry. In sewage treatment plant effluents most PPCPs are still present, since many of these polar and persistent compounds are being removed only partially or, in some cases, not at all. Treated wastewater therefore represents an important point source for PPCPs into the environment. After passing a sewage treatment plant the treated wastewater is mostly discharged into rivers and streams or sometimes used to irrigate fields. If drinking water is produced using resources containing a substantial proportion of treated wastewater (e.g. from river water downstream of communities) the water cycle is closed and indirect potable reuse occurs. Human Pharmaceuticals, Hormones and Fragrances provides an overview of the occurrence, analytics, removal and environmental risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. The book covers all aspects of the fate and removal of PPCPs in the whole water cycle: consumption and occurrence, analytical methods, the legal background, environmental risk assessment, human and animal toxicology, source control options, wastewater and drinking water treatment as well as indirect reuse. The book presents a summary of the results obtained during the EU project "Poseidon", combined with further expert knowledge on the field, and is written at a level appropriate for professionals involved in management of water resource quality. Professionals in the field including decision makers, engineers and scientists, as well as students entering the field, will find this an invaluable source of information. First comprehensive study on the assessment, fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater and drinking water treatment. Emphasises the importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, provides methods for quantifying their fate and technologies for their removal.
Download or read book Relating Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Photochemistry with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry written by Andrew Chapin Maizel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The irradiation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) produces reactive intermediates, such as excited triplet states of dissolved organic matter (3DOM), which contribute to the degradation of environmental contaminants. An understanding of how DOM composition determines the production of reactive intermediates is useful for predictions of contaminant fate and for relating the environmental processing of DOM to its photochemistry. To compare the reactivity of common 3DOM probe compounds, the photoreactivity of diverse, environmentally relevant waters was quantified with trans,trans-hexadienoic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, and furfuryl alcohol under ambient and standardized conditions. Measurements with each probe, including apparent quantum yields and pseudo-steady state concentrations, were found to exhibit unique sensitivities to variation in solution conditions. Comparisons of apparent quantum yields under standardized conditions suggest that the probe compounds each react with different 3DOM populations. 3DOM photoreactivity varies with molecular weight, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, the photochemistry and composition of ultrafiltration-fractionated fulvic acid isolates were compared with reactive intermediate probes compounds and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Terrestrially derived DOM was increasingly aromatic with molecular weight, while microbially derived DOM was invariant. 3DOM pseudo-steady state concentrations decreased with molecular weight due to increased 3DOM quenching, rather than variation in 3DOM formation rates. In order to relate DOM processing in natural systems to altered composition and photoreactivity, DOM from related lakes of different trophic status was evaluated with FT-ICR MS and reactive intermediate probe compounds. The presence of highly aromatic formulas, similar to lignin and tannin, correlated with 3DOM formation and light absorbance. Conversely, aliphatic formulas correlated with enhanced 3DOM quantum yields and environmental persistence. To investigate the unique composition and photochemistry of DOM from aquatic microbial sources, DOM from a wastewater treatment plant was evaluated by FT-ICR MS and UV-visible spectroscopy. Wastewater DOM contained molecular formulas that were compositionally similar to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lignin, and were enriched in heteroatoms such as N, S, P, and Cl. Secondary treatment increased highly aromatic formulas and increased the number of identified heteroatom containing formulas, while other treatment stages produced smaller changes in DOM composition.
