Download or read book The United States Forgotten Creoles The Histories of Gullah and Chinook Jargon in the Light of Language Change and Creole Classification written by Marie Will and published by . This book was released on 2023-06-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Potsdam (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Theories of Language Change, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to explore the development of the creole languages Gullah and Chinook Jargon and the historical and cultural impact they had and continue to have on the communities in which they are spoken, as well as the overall linguistic diversity of the country which they are native to. Creole languages are classified languages which develop out of a contact situation of two or more languages and are spoken natively by at least one generation. This sets them apart from pidgins, which develop similarly, but aren't spoken natively. In the United States, there currently exist four language which are classified as creoles, however only two of them have enjoyed wide attention by linguists, as well as the public. Those are Louisiana Creole, which is based in French and spoken, as the name suggests, mainly in Louisiana, and Hawai'i Creole, which has its basis in English and is mainly spoken in Hawai'i. The other two have received much less attention, despite the fact that they are native to the country, classified as creoles and still spoken today. The first of the pair is Gullah, a creole which is based in English but carries strong influences from West and Central African languages and is spoken in North and South Carolina, Georgia, as well as Northeast Florida. The second language is Chinook Jargon, also known as Chinuk Wawa, a Native American based language, which is historically rooted in the times of the Westward expansion and is still spoken in Oregon today.
Download or read book The United States forgotten creoles The histories of Gullah and Chinook Jargon in the light of language change and creole classification written by Marie Will and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Potsdam (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Theories of Language Change, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to explore the development of the creole languages Gullah and Chinook Jargon and the historical and cultural impact they had and continue to have on the communities in which they are spoken, as well as the overall linguistic diversity of the country which they are native to. Creole languages are classified languages which develop out of a contact situation of two or more languages and are spoken natively by at least one generation. This sets them apart from pidgins, which develop similarly, but aren’t spoken natively. In the United States, there currently exist four language which are classified as creoles, however only two of them have enjoyed wide attention by linguists, as well as the public. Those are Louisiana Creole, which is based in French and spoken, as the name suggests, mainly in Louisiana, and Hawai’i Creole, which has its basis in English and is mainly spoken in Hawai’i. The other two have received much less attention, despite the fact that they are native to the country, classified as creoles and still spoken today. The first of the pair is Gullah, a creole which is based in English but carries strong influences from West and Central African languages and is spoken in North and South Carolina, Georgia, as well as Northeast Florida. The second language is Chinook Jargon, also known as Chinuk Wawa, a Native American based language, which is historically rooted in the times of the Westward expansion and is still spoken in Oregon today.
Download or read book An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles written by John Holm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear and concise introduction to the study of how new languages come into being.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics written by Rajend Mesthrie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive overview available, this Handbook is an essential guide to sociolinguistics today. Reflecting the breadth of research in the field, it surveys a range of topics and approaches in the study of language variation and use in society. As well as linguistic perspectives, the handbook includes insights from anthropology, social psychology, the study of discourse and power, conversation analysis, theories of style and styling, language contact and applied sociolinguistics. Language practices seem to have reached new levels since the communications revolution of the late twentieth century. At the same time face-to-face communication is still the main force of language identity, even if social and peer networks of the traditional face-to-face nature are facing stiff competition of the Facebook-to-Facebook sort. The most authoritative guide to the state of the field, this handbook shows that sociolinguistics provides us with the best tools for understanding our unfolding evolution as social beings.
Download or read book Language Literature and the Negotiation of Identity written by Barbara A. Fennell and published by University of North Carolina S. This book was released on 2020-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Guests and Immigrants : the historical and political background -- 2. The social background -- 3. From Pidgindeutsch to Standard German : the linguistic situation -- 4. Language, literature, and the negotiation of identity.
Download or read book Dictionary of Languages written by Andrew Dalby and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the political, social and historical background of each language, Dictionary of Languages offers a unique insight into human culture and communication. Every language with official status is included, as well as all those that have a written literature and 175 'minor' languages with special historical or anthropological interest. We see how, with the rapidly increasing uniformity of our culture as media's influence spreads, more languages have become extinct or are under threat of extinction. The text is highlighted by maps and charts of scripts, while proverbs, anecdotes and quotations reveal the features that make a language unique.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact written by Anthony P. Grant and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every language has been influenced in some way by other languages. In many cases, this influence is reflected in words which have been absorbed from other languages as the names for newer items or ideas, such as perestroika, manga, or intifada (from Russian, Japanese, and Arabic respectively). In other cases, the influence of other languages goes deeper, and includes the addition of new sounds, grammatical forms, and idioms to the pre-existing language. For example, English's structure has been shaped in such a way by the effects of Norse, French, Latin, and Celtic--though English is not alone in its openness to these influences. Any features can potentially be transferred from one language to another if the sociolinguistic and structural circumstances allow for it. Further, new languages--pidgins, creoles, and mixed languages--can come into being as the result of language contact. In thirty-three chapters, The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact examines the various forms of contact-induced linguistic change and the levels of language which have provided instances of these influences. In addition, it provides accounts of how language contact has affected some twenty languages, spoken and signed, from all parts of the world. Chapters are written by experts and native-speakers from years of research and fieldwork. Ultimately, this Handbook provides an authoritative account of the possibilities and products of contact-induced linguistic change.
Download or read book Practical Open Source Software for Libraries written by Nicole Engard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open source refers to an application whose source code is made available for use or modification as users see fit. This means libraries gain more flexibility and freedom than with software purchased with license restrictions. Both the open source community and the library world live by the same rules and principles. Practical Open Source Software for Libraries explains the facts and dispels myths about open source. Chapters introduce librarians to open source and what it means for libraries. The reader is provided with links to a toolbox full of freely available open source products to use in their libraries. - Provides a toolbox of practical software that librarians can use both inside and out of the library - Draws on the author's wide-ranging practical experience with open source software both in and out of the library community - Includes real life examples from libraries and librarians of all types and locations
Download or read book Race Ethnicity and Language Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of eliminating disparities in health care in the United States remains elusive. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. Addressing these disparities must begin with the fundamental step of bringing the nature of the disparities and the groups at risk for those disparities to light by collecting health care quality information stratified by race, ethnicity and language data. Then attention can be focused on where interventions might be best applied, and on planning and evaluating those efforts to inform the development of policy and the application of resources. A lack of standardization of categories for race, ethnicity, and language data has been suggested as one obstacle to achieving more widespread collection and utilization of these data. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data identifies current models for collecting and coding race, ethnicity, and language data; reviews challenges involved in obtaining these data, and makes recommendations for a nationally standardized approach for use in health care quality improvement.
Download or read book Defining Creole written by John H. McWhorter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-03 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A conventional wisdom among creolists is that creole is a sociohistorical term only: that creole languages share a particular history entailing adults rapidly acquiring a language usually under conditions of subordination, but that structurally they are indistinguishable from other languages. The articles by John H. McWhorter collected in this volume demonstrate that this is in fact untrue. Creole languages, while complex and nuanced as all human languages are, are delineable from older languages as the result of their having come into existence only a few centuries ago. Then adults learn a language under untutored conditions, they abbreviate its structure, focusing upon features vital to communication and shaving away most of the features useless to communication that bedevil those acquiring the language non-natively. When they utilize their rendition of the language consistently enough to create a brand-new one, this new creation naturally evinces evidence of its youth: specifically, a much lower degree of the random accretions typical in older languages, which only develop over vast periods of time. The articles constitute a case for this thesis based on both broad, cross-creole ranges of data and focused expositions referring to single creole languages. The book presents a general case for a theory of language contact and creolization in which not only transfer from source languages but also structural reduction plays a central role, based on facts whose marginality of address in creole studies has arisen from issues sociopolitical as well as scientific. For several decades the very definition of the term creole has been elusive even among creole specialists. This book attempts to forge a path beyond the inter- and intra-disciplinary misunderstandings and stalemates that have resulted from this, and to demonstrate the place that creoles might occupy in other linguistic subfields, including typology, language contact, and syntactic theory.
Download or read book Language Contact and Bilingualism written by René Appel and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What happens – sociologically, linguistically, educationally, politically – when more than one language is in regular use in a community? How do speakers handle these languages simultaneously, and what influence does this language contact have on the languages involved? Although most people in the world use more than one language in everyday life, the approach to the study of language has usually been that monolingualism is the norm. The recent interest in bilingualism and language contact has led to a number of new approaches, based on research in communities in many different parts of the world. This book draws together this diverse research, looking at examples from many different situations, to present the topic in any easily accessible form. Language contact is looked at from four distinct perspectives. The authors consider bilingual societies; bilingual speakers; language use in the bilingual community; finally language itself (do languages change when in contact with each other? Can they borrow rules of grammar, or just words? How can new languages emerge from language contact?). The result is a clear, concise synthesis offering a much-needed overview of this lively area of language study.
Download or read book Language Culture and Society written by James Stanlaw and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why should we study language? How do the ways in which we communicate define our identities? And how is this all changing in the digital world? Since 1993, many have turned to Language, Culture, and Society for answers to questions like those above because of its comprehensive coverage of all critical aspects of linguistic anthropology. This seventh edition carries on the legacy while addressing some of the newer pressing and exciting challenges of the 21st century, such as issues of language and power, language ideology, and linguistic diasporas. Chapters on gender, race, and class also examine how language helps create - and is created by - identity. New to this edition are enhanced and updated pedagogical features, such as learning objectives, updated resources for continued learning, and the inclusion of a glossary. There is also an expanded discussion of communication online and of social media outlets and how that universe is changing how we interact. The discussion on race and ethnicity has also been expanded to include Latin- and Asian-American English vernacular.
Download or read book How Languages Work written by Carol Genetti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new and exciting introduction to linguistics, this textbook presents language in all its amazing complexity, while guiding students gently through the basics. Students emerge with an appreciation of the diversity of the world's languages, as well as a deeper understanding of the structure of human language, the ways it is used, and its broader social and cultural context. Chapters introducing the nuts and bolts of language study (phonology, syntax, meaning) are combined with those on the 'functions' of language (discourse, prosody, pragmatics, and language contact), helping students gain a better grasp of how language works in the real world. A rich set of language 'profiles' help students explore the world's linguistic diversity, identify similarities and differences between languages, and encourages them to apply concepts from earlier chapter material. A range of carefully designed pedagogical features encourage student engagement, adopting a step-by-step approach and using study questions and case studies.
Download or read book A Dictionary of Varieties of English written by Raymond Hickey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Dictionary of Varieties of English presents a comprehensive listing of the distinctive dialects and forms of English spoken throughout the contemporary world. Provides an invaluable introduction and guide to current research trends in the field Includes definitions both for the varieties of English and regions they feature, and for terms and concepts derived from a linguistic analysis of these varieties Explores important research issues including the transportation of dialects of English, the rise of ‘New Englishes’, sociolinguistic investigations of various English-speaking locales, and the study of language contact and change. Reflects our increased awareness of global forms of English, and the advances made in the study of varieties of the language in recent decades Creates an invaluable, informative resource for students and scholars alike, spanning the rich and diverse linguistic varieties of the most widely accepted language of international communication
Download or read book Crisis Information Management written by Christine Hagar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-09 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the management of information in crises, particularly the interconnectedness of information, people, and technologies during crises. Natural disasters, such as the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Katrina, and 9/11 and human-made crises, such as the recent political disruption in North Africa and the Middle East, have demonstrated that there is a great need to understand how individuals, government, and non-government agencies create, access, organize, communicate, and disseminate information within communities during crisis situations. This edited book brings together papers written by researchers and practitioners from a variety of information perspectives in crisis preparedness, response and recovery. - Edited by the author who coined the term crisis informatics - Provides new technological insights into crisis management information - Contributors are from information science, information management, applied information technology, informatics, computer science, telecommunications, and libraries
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles written by Jacques Arends and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1994-12-20 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book. It does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge. Part I: General Aspects and Part II: Theories of Genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom, while Part III: Sketches of Individual Languages (such as Eskimo Pidgin, Haitian, Saramaccan, Shaba Swahili, Fa d'Ambu, Papiamentu, Sranan, Berbice Dutch) and Part IV: Grammatical Features (such as TMA particles and auxiliaries, noun phrases, reflexives, serial verbs, fronting) can form the basis for further exploration. A concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation, and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. Diversity rather than unity is taken to be the central theme, and for the first time in an introduction to pidgins and creoles, the Atlantic creoles receive the attention they deserve. Pidgins are not treated as necessarily an intermediate step on the way to creoles, but as linguistic entities in their own right with their own characteristics. In addition to pidgins, mixed languages are treated in a separate chapter. Research on pidgin and creole languages during the past decade has yielded an abundance of uncovered material and new insights. This introduction, written jointly by the creolists of the University of Amsterdam, could not have been written without recourse to this new material.
Download or read book American Indian Languages written by Lyle Campbell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native American languages are spoken from Siberia to Greenland. Campbell's project is to take stock of what is known about the history of Native American languages and in the process examine the state of American Indian historical linguistics.
