Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

Download or read book Is the European Central Bank and the United States Federal Reserve Predicable written by Gabriel Pérez-Quirós and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System a General Comparison written by Cedric Längin and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,0, Cologne University of Applied Sciences, course: Effective Environmental Scanning, language: English, abstract: Since the foundation of the European currency union in 1998, the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System represent the most influential two central banks in the world. In this comparison their general structure, tasks and objectives and monetary policy instruments are contrasted. The institutions and bodies of the banks are explained in the second chapter, to see the structural differences. While the ECB defined price stability as its primary objective, the Fed has several equal objectives. These objectives and further tasks of the central banks are described in the third chapter. To steer and implement their objectives and tasks, the central banks have monetary policy instruments at disposal, whereas open market operations and the minimum reserve system play a key role. These instruments are explained in chapter 4 in general and their arrangement and implementation at the example of the ECB. Then the Feds corresponding instruments are contrasted with the ECB, because in my opinion the ECB has a role model position, in this context. Then follows an elaboration of the instruments standing facilities and discount policy. These instruments are examined in two separate subchapters, due to the fact that the implementation of these instruments is only made by the ECB or the Fed. In the last part I examined the reactions of the ECB and the Fed to compensate the risks of the current financial crisis. The attention is directed to the evaluation of the quality and effectiveness of the implemented monetary policy instruments. At the end the results are summarized.

Download or read book The U S Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank written by Joseph Peter Gyengo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The International Monetary Fund the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve and their Role in the Economic Crisis written by Katharina Lurz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,0, University of Bonn, language: English, abstract: This term paper is going to elaborate on the tasks and functions of certain international financial institutions, and subsequently on their role and course of action in the economic crisis. The institutions selected for that end are the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve. Interestingly, all of these institutions have different spheres of influence, namely worldwide, Europe and the US, which also responds to the global character of the crisis itself. This suggests a global rescue effort which "transcended national boundaries" (Mihm and Roubini 177). This paper is concerned with the question what significant measures the respective institutions took and whether these actions were consistent with their original mandate and key objectives. For this purpose, each international institution will be examined individually, first according to their function and tasks (in tranquil times), and then with focus on their measures and reactions in the course of the economic crisis.

Download or read book Federal Central Banks A Comparison of the Us Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank written by Sam Whimster and published by Forumpress. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal Central Banks is a unique study that critically examines the role and impact of central banks in federal and confederal political systems. It conducts a detailed examination of the history, design and operation of central banking in the United States and in the European Union. The contradiction between the centralizing features of banking and monetary policy and the political and economic expectations of pluralist federal democracy is explored. Regional economic disparities are seen to be amplified by modern 'independent' central banking. The response of the US Treasury and Federal Reserve to the GFC is rated as superior to immature Eurozone institutions. But both underperformed in not providing adequate fiscal-monetary solutions. Quantitative easing rescued the financial sector from collapse, but exacerbated wealth inequalities and failed to provide a sufficiently rapid economic recovery. Federal level banking reforms need to go hand in hand with democratic accountability. The Eurozone governance structures are dysfunctional and undemocratic and should be reformed.

Download or read book The European Central Bank written by Hanspeter K. Scheller and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive 200-page overview of the ECB from its inception in June 1998 until the present day.

Download or read book Central Banking Systems Compared written by Emmanuel Apel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-03-20 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new study provides a comprehensive survey of the recently established European financial system in comparison to previous European systems and the US Federal Reserve. This well-written contribution to financial economics should be of interest to academics as well as professionals concerned with financial systems around the world.

Download or read book Is the European Central Bank and the United States Federal Reserve Predictable written by Gabriel Pérez-Quirós and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evolution and Procedures in Central Banking written by David E. Altig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-11 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the proceedings from a conference on the evolution and practice of central banking sponsored by the Central Bank Institute of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. The articles and discussants' comments in this volume largely focus on two questions: the need for central banks, and how to maintain price stability once they are established. The questions addressed include whether large banks (or coalitions of small banks) can substitute for government regulation and due central bank liquidity provision; whether the future will have fewer central banks or more; the possibility of private means to deliver a uniform currency; if competition across sovereign currencies can ensure global price stability; the role of learning (and unlearning) the lessons of the past inflationary episodes in understanding central bank behavior; and an analysis of the European Central Bank.

Download or read book Central Banks in the Age of the Euro written by Kenneth Dyson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both studies of political power and Europeanization studies have tended to neglect central banks. As the age of the euro reaches its 10th anniversary, it is timely to reflect on what it means for central banks, which have been at the forefront of the establishment of Economic and Monetary Union in the European Union. Central banks have been caught up in a major historic political project. What does it mean for them? What does the age of the euro tell us about the power of centralbanks, their Europeanization and whether they are coming to resemble each other more closely? This book brings together a range of recognized academic specialists to examine the main political aspects of this question. How, and in what ways, has the euro Europeanized central banks (members andnon-members of the Euro Area)? What have been its effects on the power of central banks and their use of power? Has the euro generated convergence or divergence in central banking? The book offers the first, in-depth and systematic political analysis of central banks in the first decade of the euro. It places the euro in its global and European contexts, including the US Fed and the Australasian central banks, patterns of differentiated integration in European central banking, and the EuropeanCentral Bank. It offers a set of case studies of its effects on a representative sample of EU central banks (euro 'insiders' and 'outsiders') and looks at four main thematic areas (monetary policy, financial market supervision, accountability and transparency, and research). The book contributes toEuropeanization studies, comparative political economy, and studies of Economic and Monetary Union. It will be of major interest to students of the European Union and European integration, comparative European politics, and area and 'country' studies. More generally, it will interest all those interested in central banking and their pivotal and problematic position between politics and markets.

Download or read book Monetary Policies by the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve System written by Carla Högermann and published by . This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - Monetary theory and policy, grade: 1,7, The FOM University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, course: Advanced Business English, language: English, abstract: Since the European Monetary Union was established in 1999 the worlds political attention has been drawn to two main central banks: the European System of Central Banks and the Federal Reserve System. The legal basis of the European System of Central Banks is the Treaty establishing the European Community and the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and of the European Central Bank. Since it's estblishments the European Central Bank has played a central role in both European and global financial markets. The Federal Reserve System was signed into law by the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. Although the Federal Reserve System was established long before the European System of Central Bank there are several similarities in the ways the central banks operate and control the monetay policy of their nations. But the central banks also differ in certain ways. Whereas the Federal Reserve System was established in order to rearrange the financial system of the United States, the European System of Central Banks started business in order to create a single monetary policy. The following chapters will give a closer look into both systems and their monetary policies.

Download or read book The Monetary Policy of Central Banks before and during the Crisis written by Daniel Schuck and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,2, University of Applied Sciences Saarbrücken (Faculty of Business and Economics), language: English, abstract: The Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank were both forced to implement unconventional monetary policy measures as a response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and its aftermath. In the first stage of the global financial crisis, the conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures implemented by the Federal Reserve System and the European Central Bank were fairly similar. Both central banks focused on providing the banking sector with liquidity in order to restore interbank lending as it was a key element of ensuring a functional monetary transmission mechanism. However, when the global financial crisis transformed to a sovereign debt crisis in the euro area in 2010, the European Central Bank faced increasing divergence in sovereign spreads and the potential insolvency of euro area Member States. Therefore, its unconventional monetary policy measures focused on credit easing by purchasing sovereign as well as covered bonds in order to improve banks’ and governments’ funding costs. By contrast, the Federal Reserve System massively purchased government bonds and focused on decreasing interest rates and asset prices through the use of quantitative easing.

Download or read book Central Banking The organisation of the FED and their politics within the last years esp in comparison to the ESCB written by Simone Weinert and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2004-04-14 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Stralsund University of Applied Sciences (Economics), language: English, abstract: The following essay with the title „Central Banking – The organisation of the Fed and their politics within the last years (esp. in comparison to the ESCB)“ is part of the final examination of the course International and Baltic Finance at the University of Applied Sciences Stralsund. This paper will explain central banking in general and than have a closer look on the U.S. Federal Reserve System. After that it will have a look on the European System of Central Banks, continuing with comparing the two systems, looking for the similarities and differences. During my research I read quiet a lot of books and articles and after some time I really got interested in the topic. I really wanted to know how all this central banking works, and what kind of system (the American or the European) is the better one. But I also recognised that there are of course plenty of books, dealing with this topic, but everybody seems to have a different opinion, of what is better, what suits the society best. So while writing this essay, I tried to give back what I found interesting and what seems to be the opinion of several people. Unfortunately I could not stick to the required 3000 words, because my topic was so complex and wide, that it forced me to write some more words on it.

Download or read book The European Central Bank written by Jakob De Haan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005-04-15 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the debates on European Central Bank monetary policy, focusing on issues of transparency, credibility, and accountability and the effect of the ECB's decentralized structure. The adoption of the euro in 1999 by 11 member states of the European Union created a single currency area second in economic size only to the United States. The euro zone's monetary policy is now set by the European Central Bank (ECB) and its Governing Council rather than by individual national central banks. This CESifo volume examines issues that have arisen in the first years of ECB monetary policy and analyzes the effect that current ECB policy strategy and structures may have in the future. After a detailed description and assessment of ECB monetary policy making that focuses on such issues as price stability and the predictability of policy decisions, the book turns to two important issues faced by European central bankers: the transparency and credibility of decision making and the ECB's decentralized structure. After showing that transparency in decision making enhances credibility, the book discusses the ECB's efforts at openness, its political independence as guaranteed by law, and its ultimate accountability. The book then considers the effects of the decentralized ECB structure, focusing on business cycle synchronization, inflation differentials, and differences in monetary policy transmission in light of the enlargement of the monetary union. The book also discusses options for ECB institutional reforms, including centralization, vote weighting, and cross-border regional banks.

Download or read book Monetary Policy Strategies of the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve Bank of the US written by Claudio Sardoni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the debate on monetary policy strategies on both sides of the Atlantic, it is now almost a commonplace to contrast the Fed and the ECB by pointing out the former's flexibility and capacity to adjust rigidity, and the latter's extreme caution, and obsession with low inflation. In looking at the foundations of the two banks' strategies, however, we do not find differences that can provide a simple explanation for their divergent behavior, nor for the very different economic performance in the U.S. and Euroland in recent years. Not surprisingly, both central banks share the same conviction that money is neutral in the long period, and even their short-term policies are based on similar fundamental principles. The two policy approaches really differ only in terms of implementation, timing, competence, etc., but not in terms of the underlying theoretical orientation. We then draw the conclusion that monetary policy cannot represent a significant variable in the explanation of the different economic performances of Euroland and U.S. The two economic areas' differences must be explained by considering other factors among which the most important is fiscal policy. Keywords: monetary policy ; federal reserve ; European central bank ; fiscal policy ; aggregate demand ; growth

Download or read book A Comparative Study of the Federal Reserve System Versus the European Central Bank written by Chadi Nadim Richa and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Reserve System (FRS) has been operating the monetary policy of the U.S. since 1913. On the other hand, the European Central Bank (ECB) was established in 1998 as a result of the European monetary union that increased th e economic weight of the European Union to compete with the U.S. This project took a critical look at the two central banks and examined their history, institutional structure, tools and instruments, objectives and monetary policy performance. It discussed the various key differences between the FRS and the EC B and conducted a ratio analysis of the key components between the consolidated ba lance sheets of the two Central Banks. The FRS gave up using Gold as currency coverage while the ECB is still maintaining some Gold cover. On the other hand, legal res erve requirements are higher in the ECB than in the FRS. Moreover, there is a higher degree of decentralization in the ECB than in the FRS in monetary policy decision- maki ng and in conducting open market operations. This study recommended that the FRS should provide a quantitative definition of its objectives, particularly price stability, similarly to what the ECB did. It also suggested that political support is crucial to the European Union to have a stro nger currency and to make it easier for the ECB to reach its primary objective of pri ce stability.