Download or read book A Numerical Study of the Tsunami Response of the Hawaiian Islands written by Eddie N. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of linearized long waves to the eight major Hawaiian Islands is investigated numerically using a mathematical model of the island system. A spline interpolation scheme is utilized to convert the actual soundings of the island bathymetry to a 5.5 km square grid closely approximating the topography of the islands. A time-marching, central difference, explicit scheme is used to evaluate the wave field by the linear, long wave, Eulerian equations of motion and continuity in Cartesian coordinates for a frictionless, homogeneous fluid. The condition of no normal flow is employed at the island shorelines and a localized interpolation technique is utilized at the outer boundary to simulate a free-flow boundary. Verification of the numerical procedure is accomplished by agreement with analytic solutions of steady-state problems involving wave interaction with geometric islands in both constant and variable depth cases. Island response is determined by using a generalized time sequence input with a stipulated spectrum in the tsunami frequency range. This input is time stepped through the model for a duration sufficient to establish a statistical equilibrium within the system. The shoreline hydrographs, which record the time history of water elevation around the islands, are Fourier analyzed to obtain spectra for each shoreline point. These spectra are divided by the input spectrum to obtain transfer functions which represent the relative response of the system to waves in the tsunami period range. Verification of the response analysis is judged in terms of the agreement with the analytic response of a variable depth geometric island to a set of tsunami period waves. A technique for determining the period cutoff of a particular model system is demonstrated by comparison of responses of the same model using coarse and fine grids. The response analysis methods are applied to the model of the Hawaiian Islands for the case of a tsunami originating in the Alaskan region. Transfer functions are shown in averaged and contoured form for the island system and each individual island. The model study reveals that the numerical technique is appropriate for the response study of the Hawaiian Islands, that there are at least nine characteristic periods in the tsunami range to which the islands respond, and that interinsular reflections generate areas of high energy concentrations.
Download or read book The tsunami response of the Hawaiian Islands written by Gerald T. Hebenstreit and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A numerical study of the tsunami response on the Hawaiian islands microform written by Eddie Nolan Bernard and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of Tsunamis in the Hawaiian Islands written by George Pararas-Carayannis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsunami Response of Barbers Point Harbor Hawaii written by Paul D. Farrar and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study determines the degree of susceptibility of the proposed Barbers Point Deep-draft Pearl Harbor on Oahu Island, Hawaii, to tsunami waves. A finite-difference numerical model was developed to simulate the action of long-period waves within the harbor. This model included the effects of bottom friction, lateral mixing of momentum, radiation losses to the outside ocean, and the flooding of surrounding land areas. A large number of cases were simulated, representing tsunami inputs that could be expected in the area. The resulting water elevations, land flooding, and water movement are presented. The response of the harbor to the many different wave cases was combined with a study of the frequency-of-occurrence statistics for different harbor response events. This was done both for infrequent large tsunamis and for more frequent small amplitude tsunamis. Conservative probability methods were used for all results. On the basis of the response modeling and probability studies, the following conclusions were reached: (a) the harbor does not amplify incident long-period waves, especially those with a period of around 800 sec., (b) this amplification is, however, much smaller than would be predicted by linear response models, such as that of Durham (1978), which neglects nonlinear effects, such as bottom friction, lateral mixing, and flooding, (c) the nature of the harbor response will depend on the character of the incident wave, and (d) the harbor location chosen is a good location for the mitigation of tsunami hazards. (Author).
Download or read book The Tsunami of April 1 1946 in the Hawaiian Islands written by G. A. MacDonald and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsunami Warning and Preparedness written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many coastal areas of the United States are at risk for tsunamis. After the catastrophic 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, legislation was passed to expand U.S. tsunami warning capabilities. Since then, the nation has made progress in several related areas on both the federal and state levels. At the federal level, NOAA has improved the ability to detect and forecast tsunamis by expanding the sensor network. Other federal and state activities to increase tsunami safety include: improvements to tsunami hazard and evacuation maps for many coastal communities; vulnerability assessments of some coastal populations in several states; and new efforts to increase public awareness of the hazard and how to respond. Tsunami Warning and Preparedness explores the advances made in tsunami detection and preparedness, and identifies the challenges that still remain. The book describes areas of research and development that would improve tsunami education, preparation, and detection, especially with tsunamis that arrive less than an hour after the triggering event. It asserts that seamless coordination between the two Tsunami Warning Centers and clear communications to local officials and the public could create a timely and effective response to coastal communities facing a pending tsuanami. According to Tsunami Warning and Preparedness, minimizing future losses to the nation from tsunamis requires persistent progress across the broad spectrum of efforts including: risk assessment, public education, government coordination, detection and forecasting, and warning-center operations. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk.
Download or read book Catalog of Tsunamis in Hawaii written by George Pararas-Carayannis and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hawaiian Tidal Wave Disaster written by American National Red Cross and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsunami wave Elevation Frequency of Occurrence for the Hawaiian Islands written by James Robert Houston and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emergency Relief for Victims of the Seismic Waves which Struck the Territory of Hawaii written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Territories and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tsunami written by Walter C. Dudley and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 1998-11-01 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On April 1, 1946, shortly after sunrise, the town of Hilo on the island of Hawai'i was devastated by a series of giant waves. Traveling 2,300 miles from the Aleutian Islands in less than five hours, the waves struck without warning and claimed 159 lives. Fourteen years later, on May 22, 1960, a massive earthquake occurred off of the coast of Chile. The earthquake generated giant waves that sped across the Pacific at 442 miles per hour, reaching Hilo in just fifteen hours. The first wave to hit the town was a modest four feet higher than normal, the second nine feet. Before the third wave could arrive, a tidal phenomenon known as a bore smashed into the Hilo bayfront, with thirty-five foot waves that wrenched buildings off their foundations. That day several city blocks were swept clean of all structures and 61 people died. The first edition of Tsunami!, published in 1988, provided readers with a complete examination of the tsunami phenomenon in Hawai'i. This second edition adds many eyewitness accounts of the tsunamis of 1946 and 1960 and expands its coverage to include major tsunamis in the Mediterranean and off the coasts of Japan, Chile, Indonesia, Fiji, Alaska, California, Newfoundland, and the Caribbean, as well as the 1998 devastation in Papua New Guinea. Dramatic photographs and accounts of experiencing a tsunami firsthand are placed within the framework of the how and why of tsunamis, our scientific understanding of these phenomena, and the current status of the Tsunami Warning System, which is widely used to forecast and measure tsunamis and prepare coastal areas for potentially deadly tsunami strikes.
Download or read book Homeowner s Handbook to Prepare for Natural Hazards written by Dennis Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Numerical Study of the Tsunami Reponse of the Hawaiian Islands written by Eddie N. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Tsunamis and Possible Local Tsunamis in Hawaii written by Doak Carey Cox and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Tsunami of May 22 1960 as Recorded at Tide Stations written by S. C. Berkman and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
