Download or read book The Trillion Dollar Silencer written by Joan Roelofs and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Trillion Dollar Silencer investigates the astounding lack of popular protest at the death and destruction that the military industrial complex is inflicting on people, nations, and the environment, and its budget-draining costs. Where is the antiwar protest by progressives, libertarians, environmentalists, civil rights advocates, academics, clergy, community volunteers, artists, et al? This book will focus on how military largesse infests such public sectors’ interests. Contractors and bases serve as the economic hubs of their regions. State and local governments are intertwined with the DoD; some states have Military Departments. National Guard annual subsidies are large. Joint projects include aid to state environmental departments for restoration, and government-environmental organization teams to create buffer zones for bombing ranges. Economic development commissions aim to attract military industries and keep the existing bases and corporations. Veterans Administration hospitals are boons to their communities. Universities, colleges, and faculty get contracts and grants from the DoD and its agencies, such as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Minerva Initiative. Reserve Officers' Training Corps programs are subsidized by the DoD. Civilian jobs in the DoD provide opportunities for scientists, engineers, policy analysts, and others. Every kind of business and nonprofit, including environmental and charitable organizations like The Nature Conservancy and Goodwill Industries feeds at the DoD trough via contracts and grants. Individuals, arts institutions, charities, churches, and universities succumb to the profitability of military-related investments. Pension funds of public and private employees are replete with military stocks. Philanthropy is another silencer. The DoD itself donates equipment to organizations, especially those of youth, and lends equipped battalions to Hollywood. The weapons firms give generously to the arts and charities, heavily to youth and minorities. They also initiate joint programs such as providing tutors and mentors for robotics teams in public schools. Our militarized economy is destructive and wasteful. How can we replace the multitude of dependencies on military funding and restore the boundary between it and civil society? Surely a first step is to see how military spending results in the complicity of civil society in its pernicious outcomes. That is what this book tries to reveal.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Critical Political Science written by Clyde W. Barrow and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable and exemplary reference work, this Encyclopedia adeptly navigates the multidisciplinary field of critical political science, providing a comprehensive overview of the methods, approaches, concepts, scholars and journals that have come to influence the disciplineÕs development over the last six decades.
Download or read book Trump and Trumpism written by Andrew Kolin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2023-12-08 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrew Kolin focuses on the destructive politics of Trump and Trumpism expressed as extreme forms of hate and violence, explaining how these destructive politics are actually rooted in various institutions. Trump and Trumpism amplify this institutional and ideological expression of destructive politics that is intended to cause harm to various social segments. The social base of this brand of destructive politics is supported by parts of the middle and upper classes. Trump and Trumpism examines how destructive politics tends toward fascism.
Download or read book Our Country Then and Now written by Richard C. Cook and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Country Then and Now takes us on a 400-year journey through America’s history, providing unique snapshots from African enslavement, native dispossession, financial scandals, and wars of expansion and aggression, interspersed with tales from author Richard C. Cook’s ancestry—from Puritan forebears to fighters in the American Revolutionary War and the Civil War, to Midwest Pioneer farmers and their relations with native nations. As a former NASA whistleblower, then US Treasury analyst, Cook dwells in particular on how the financial oligarchy aggrandized itself via a fractional reserve banking system that ultimately corrupted America’s originally proclaimed democratic and egalitarian values. He addresses how the British, European, and US bankers hijacked the American monetary system by placing it under control of the Money Trust through the creation of the Federal Reserve System in 1913, how this then financed the British takedown of rival Germany, triggered the Great Depression by shipping US gold to Britain and Europe, and led to the Bretton Woods agreements, the creation of the International Monetary Fund, and the Marshall Plan, which combined to place the world’s economy under the control of the US dollar. After World War II, the US financial oligarchs created the “national security state” headed by the CIA to rule the world through assassinations, financial thievery, and overthrow of governments. They elevated the Soviet Union into a bogeymen to justify the vast quantity of Federal Reserve “money printing” required to subsidize an out-of-control war budget and hundreds of US military bases around the world. These measures led to worldwide dollar supremacy under control of the Rockefeller dynasty, with the US National Security State—aka today’s “Deep State”—and the CIA set up to enforce the bankers’ financial hegemony that has lasted until now. Finally Cook addresses his efforts, along with Stephen Zarlenga of the American Monetary Institute and Congressman Dennis Kucinich, that resulted in the NEED Act of 2011 intended to end the Federal Reserve, and restore democratic control over the nation’s financial system, explaining how such reforms could save the US from today’s terminal hollowed-out economy.
Download or read book Understanding the War Industry written by Christian Sorensen and published by SCB Distributors. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To an ever-increasing extent, the business of America is the business of war. But although Americans live in the shadow of a war economy, few understand the full extent of its power and influence. Thanks to Christian Sorenson's deeply researched book into the military-industrial complex that envelops our society, such ignorance can no longer be an excuse." - ANDREW COCKBURN, author of 'Kill Chain, The Rise of the High Tech Assassins.' “A devastating account of American militarism, brilliantly depicted, and exhaustively researched in an authoritative manner. Sorensen’s book is urgent, fascinating reading..." RICHARD FALK "“I’m adding Christian Sorensen’s new book, Understanding the War Industry , to the list of books I think will convince you to help abolish war and militaries.." DAVID SWANSON World Without War “This meticulously researched book lays out in painstaking detail exactly how our nation has been captured by a war industry that profits from endless conflict and pursues profit at all costs. It will shock you, infuriate you, and hopefully inspire you."MEDEA BENJAMIN, co-director, CODE PINK The War Industry infests the American economy like a cancer, sapping its strength and distorting its creativity while devouring its treasure. Stunning in the depth of its research, Understanding the War Industry documents how the war industry commands the other two sides of the military-industrial-congressional triangle. It lays bare the multiple levers enabling the vast and proliferating war industry to wield undue influence, exploiting financial and legal structures, while co-opting Congress, academia and the media. Spiked with insights into how corporate boardrooms view the troops, overseas bases, and warzones, it assiduously delineates how corporations reap enormous profits by providing a myriad of goods and services devoted to making war, which must be rationalized and used if the game is to go on: advanced weaponry, drones and nukes; invasive information technology; space-based weapons; and special operations—with contracts stuffed with ongoing and proliferating developmental, tertiary and maintenance products for all of it.
Download or read book Liar s Poker written by Michael Lewis and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2010-03-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author recounts his experiences on the lucrative Wall Street bond market of the 1980s, where young traders made millions in a very short time, in a humorous account of greed and epic folly.
Download or read book If Republicans Had Any Hearts written by Jon Fisher and published by Jon Fisher. This book was released on 2008-07-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a response to the Ann Coulter book - If Democrats Had Brains. It is also the story of 3 mass murders, preaching to Charles Manson, thoughts on Barack Obama and Socialism, growing up in a cult, the abuse of Veterans, and lots of election year topics like immigration, racism, gays, education, foreign policy, health care and lastly, the environment. This book is a comedy, but deadly serious, and will bounce you off the wall. For more information, see www.Krishna-Venta.com, read the first chapter and see the awesome photo gallery.
Download or read book The Wine Bible written by Karen MacNeil and published by Workman Publishing Company. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 2408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No one can describe a wine like Karen MacNeil. Comprehensive, entertaining, authoritative, and endlessly interesting, The Wine Bible is a lively course from an expert teacher, grounding the reader deeply in the fundamentals—vine-yards and varietals, climate and terroir, the nine attributes of a wine’s greatness—while layering on tips, informative asides, anecdotes, definitions, photographs, maps, labels, and recommended bottles. Discover how to taste with focus and build a wine-tasting memory. The reason behind Champagne’s bubbles. Italy, the place the ancient Greeks called the land of wine. An oak barrel’s effect on flavor. Sherry, the world’s most misunderstood and underappreciated wine. How to match wine with food—and mood. Plus everything else you need to know to buy, store, serve, and enjoy the world’s most captivating beverage.
Download or read book Circle in the Darkness written by Diana Johnstone and published by Clarity Press. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circle in the Darkness recounts veteran journalist Diana Johnstone's lifelong effort to understand what is going on in the world, seeking the truth about our troubled times beyond the veils of government propaganda and media deception. For Johnstone, the political is personal. From her experience of Cold War hostilities as a student in Yugoslavia, in the movement against the U.S. war against Vietnam, in May '68, in professional and alternative journalism, in the historic peace movement of the 1980s that led to the reunification of Germany, in the transformation of the German Greens from peace to war party and the European Union's sacrifice of democracy to "globalization", her critical viewpoint dissects events and identifies trends. She recounts in detail how the Western left betrayed its historical principles of social justice and peace and let itself be lured into approval of aggressive U.S.-NATO wars on the fallacious grounds of "human rights". Subjects range from caustic analysis of the pretentious confusion of French philosophers to the stories of many courageous individuals whose struggle for peace and justice ended in deep personal tragedy, with a great deal in between. Circle in the Darkness is a lucid, uncompromising tour through half a century of contemporary history intended especially for those who may aspire against all obstacles to change its course for the better.
Download or read book Greening Cities written by Joan Roelofs and published by Apex Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greening Cities is a treasure trove of practical ideas that embody Green values of social and environmental justice and are actually working on the ground in small, medium, and large cities, as well as some rural communities, all around the world. It shows how these values can and are being incorporated in local government policy and how they shape voluntary efforts by community groups. Topics covered in separate chapters range from urban design, democracy, and culture to energy, water, transporation, food, waste, health, economy and recreation. Originally conceived as a workbook for students in urban and environment studies, public administration, geography, and planning, Greening Cities is also must reading for community leaders, activists, and indeed anyone concerned about and commited to building a more just and sustainable society.
Download or read book Principles of Socialism written by Victor Considerant and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book The Transhumanist Wager written by Zoltan Istvan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosopher, entrepreneur, and former National Geographic and New York Times correspondent Zoltan Istvan presents his visionary novel, The Transhumanist Wager, as a seminal statement of our times. Scorned by over 500 publishers and literary agents around the world, his philosophical thriller has been called "revolutionary" and "socially dangerous" by readers, scholars, and religious authorities. The novel debuts a challenging original philosophy, which rebuffs modern civilization by inviting the end of the human species-and declaring the onset of something greater. Set in the present day, the novel tells the story of transhumanist Jethro Knights and his unwavering quest for immortality via science and technology. Fighting against him are fanatical religious groups, economically depressed governments, and mystic Zoe Bach: a dazzling trauma surgeon and the love of his life, whose belief in spirituality and the afterlife is absolute. Exiled from America and reeling from personal tragedy, Knights forges a new nation of willing scientists on the world's largest seasteading project, Transhumania. When the world declares war against the floating city, demanding an end to its renegade and godless transhuman experiments and ambitions, Knights strikes back, leaving the planet forever changed.
Download or read book The Bright Nights and Drumbeats from Mama Africa written by fatha John Patrick Kamau and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years war and at times preventable scenarios have taken life, maimed others, crippled yet others mentally, physically and intellectually, if not spiritually, The T4 program, PTSD and all.... worldwide. For the authors generation, The 1970's brought in cholera, the 1980's brought in the AIDs/HIV scare, and then the unholy beverages, .... not without pioneering conspiracy theories to back them up Mayan.... illuminati conspiracies, Georgia guide stones and all types of fantasy. Would there be any survivors? The 20th century was dominated by ethnic, race, political and religious struggles and conflicts; the 21st century has vastly inherited the problem with a huge shift in attitude and preference, but in all this, what is the future for Persons with Disabilities in a world of alternative lifestyles, eugenics, euthanasia, acclaimed United Nations human rights and conventions? sequel to "The Bright Dark Nights Of The Soul" book - (2013) script, the author a recipient of the "Pro Ecclesia" gold medal award from the late Saint Pope John Paul II avails for posterity diaries and points for reflections on cultural and humanitarian perspectives impacting on aspects of existential crisis, search for meaning and purpose for persons with Disabilities deeper into the 21st century. With contributions and insights from Corporate social responsibility initiatives, scholars, clergy, custodians of persons with disabilities, persons who lived in the 19th and 20th century in Africa: Some who served in the American Peace Corps in 1960's Africa, encounters with so called - "natives" and "savages", War Veterans and members of the armed forces, multicultural religious and missionary icons, contemporary peace and outreach initiatives from international religious, secular and political leaders: Towards this end, a case study paper in the United States on a Disabilities outreach project in Africa is availed in Six language translations, French, Spanish, Portuguese, English and the Luo and kikuyu African Languages to hopefully stimulate further multicultural reflections and action in the diaspora communities towards persons with disabilities.
Download or read book Foundations and Public Policy written by Joan Roelofs and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this pathbreaking study of foundation influence, author Joan Roelofs produces a comprehensive picture of philanthropy's critical role in society. She shows how a vast number of policy innovations have arisen from the most important foundations, lessening the destructive impact of global "marketization." Conversely, groups and movements that might challenge the status quo are nudged into line with grants and technical assistance, and foundations also have considerable power to shape such things as public opinion, higher education, and elite ideology. The cumulative effect is that foundations, despite their progressive goals, have a depoliticizing effect, one that preserves the hegemony of neoliberal institutions.
Download or read book Prisoner of War written by Vince Wade and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prisoner of War: The Story of White Boy Rick and the War on Drugs is the true tale of the FBI¿s youngest recruit in the failed attempt to stop the flow of illegal narcotics. It is the War on Drugs as seen from the trenches of battles America lost. Richard J. Wershe, Jr. was a white kid who didn¿t do drugs, but he lived in a racially mixed neighborhood and he knew some bad people. Among them was a powerful and politically-connected black drug operation. Wershe¿s father was a business hustler willing to put his son¿s life at grave risk for FBI informant cash. Young Wershe did a good job as a drug spy for the FBI. Perhaps too good.The drug gang inadvertently killed a 13-year old boy. When Rick told the FBI about top-level police corruption in the homicide investigation, he became too hot. The FBI dropped him as an informant. Cast adrift, young Wershe made the bad decision to use the crime skills law enforcement had taught him. He tried to become a cocaine wholesaler, got caught and was sentenced to life in prison by age 18. His trial was a media sensation and reporters labeled him White Boy Rick, falsely accusing him of being a ¿drug lord¿ and drug ¿kingpin.¿ White Boy Rick became a Prisoner of the War on Drugs.As the book documents, the tragic tale of White Boy Rick Wershe is part of a lost ¿war¿ that mimics Prohibition¿with the same results.
Download or read book Forensic Evidence written by Terrence F. Kiely and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Evidence: Science and the Criminal Law is a comprehensive analysis of the most recent state and federal court decisions addressing the use of forensic science in the investigation and trial of criminal cases. Each case provides a complete overview and analysis of the relevant scientific issues debated by the court in that particular case.
Download or read book Coordinating the Internet written by Fredrik Lindeberg and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Många självklarheter i vårt digitala samhälle är beroende av Internet för att fungera. Allt från smarta dörrar för hemtjänster, till självscanningsapparaterna på ICA, till nyare bilar, moderna tillverkningsrobotar, telefoner och affärssystem. Den här licentiatavhandlingen reder ut vad Internet är, hur det styrs och vad det har för praktiska konsekvenser. Tidigare forskning finns bland annat inom telekommunikation där Internet liknas vid andra telekommunikationstjänster, så som kabel-TV eller mobiltelefoni, och inom digitalisering både inom management och informationssystem där Internet i det närmaste tas för givet som teknisk infrastruktur. Här tar jag en ansatts där jag förklarar Internet ur ett kombinerat tekniskt och organisatoriskt perspektiv. Studien är principiellt uppdelad i tre delar. Den första delen fokuserar på att begreppsmässigt hitta ett sätt att diskutera Internet utan att essentiella aspekter faller bort, såsom styrningen eller konsekvenser av den tekniska designen. Jag landar i att Internet är både ett tekniskt och ett organisatoriskt fenomen. Tekniskt i bemärkelsen att det handlar om digital paketbaserad kommunikation (dvs att olika paket kan ta olika väg och att det inte finns ett beroende på en viss specifik väg, eller “krets”), vilket kan särskiljas från exempelvis kretskopplad kommunikation (dvs en specific väg från sändare till mottagare) eller rent analog kommunikation. I denna tekniska dimension är Internet förhållandevis likt klassisk telekommunikation såsom kabel-TV och mobiltelefoni, och förlitar sig på best-effort paketbaserad kommunikation. I den andra dimensionen, styrning och organisation, är Internet ett explicit bottom-up fenomen som styrs med andra principer och ideal än klassisk telekommunikation. Till sin utformning är denna minsta möjliga koordination som krävs för att möjliggöra koordinering av de tekniska unika identifierare som behövs för att Internet ska fungera (dvs idag DNS- och BGP-flororna av protokoll för användning av namn och nummer på Internet). Båda dimensionerna, de organisatoriska och tekniska, följer samma designprinciper, och generellt är det meningsfullt att se Internet som en ekologi av aktörer snarare än en organisation i strikt teoretiska termer (exempelvis finns ingen tydlig övergripande strategi, organisationsnummer eller löneutbetalare). Det är dessa designprinciper, som ligger väl i linje med systemarkitektursprinciper för datorsystem, som är orsaken till Internets lager-design där man (generellt) inte ska bry som om vad som händer på andra lager än sitt eget (beskrivet som “separation of concerns” eller i dubbel negation “high cohesion” i texten) samt att ha en minimalistisk ansatts till koordinering och enbart koordinera eller skapa beroenden mellan enheter (både tekniskt och organisatoriskt) när det verkligen behövs (beskrivet som “minimum coordination” eller “low coupling” i texten). Den andra delen fokuserar på hur Internet kan socialt påverkas eller förändras till något annat, eller till något med en annan funktion sett som en styrd organisation. Jag använder begreppet social robusthet, som motpol till teknisk robusthet som i hur man tekniskt kan förstöra Internet, för att diskutera dessa aspekter. Slutsatserna här mynnar ut i att Internets explicita bottom-up och problemsuppdelnings-design gör det märkbart svårt för någon att medvetet påverka Internet för att ändra dess beskaffenhet, och dessutom visar jag att även om man praktiskt lyckas ta över de formellt beslutande råden (exempelvis ICANNs och IETFs styrelser) så finns det inga formella eller praktiska hinder för att bara ignorera dem (dvs switching costs för just ICANN eller IETF är låga, om än tekniskt omständligt med att konfigurera om rötter och routing-tabeller, och betydligt enklare än att gå från IPv4 till IPv6 då utrustning kan behöva ersättas och därmed en betydligt högre switching cost). Med andra ord, det är enklare att byta ut Internets koordinerare än att byta ut Internet mot något som fungerar annorlunda. Däremot är den rådande politiska världsordningen ett hot mot Internet, eftersom den regelstyrda och koordinerade världsordningen inte längre är lika självklar som den varit tidigare. Den tredje och sista studien fokuserar på nätneutralitet, dvs rätten nätverksoperatörer har att fånga värde i andra dimensioner än trafikmängd, som en praktiskt effekt av hur Internet styrs och fungerar. Det primära praktiska bidraget är att nätneutralitet inte får ses som enbart en reglerings och lagstiftningfråga utan det är mer relevant att prata om i termer av nätneutralitet i praktiken. I den bemärkelsen är lagstiftningens vara eller inte vara mindre intressant än praktisk nätneutralitets vara eller inte vara och en tyngdpunktsförskjutning i den offentliga debatten hade fört diskussionen närmare hur Internet fungerar. Sammanfattningsvis ger Internets designprinciper att marknadskrafter, och ej direkt reglering, ska möjliggöra nätneutralitet. För att förtydliga, tanken är att det ska finnas konkurrens inom de flesta nivåer eller lager, och att det är av vikt att det finns konkurrens rakt igenom så att en kundvilja för paketneutralitet på tjänstenivå även påverkar nätägar- och infrastrukturnivå, så att det är användarnas efterfrågan som leder till nätneutralitet (om den användarviljan finns). Dock kan det mycket väl vara så att man som användare inte är intresserad av nätneutralitet och då ska tjänsteleverantörer, nätägare och infrastrukturoperatörer inte heller tvingas vara neutrala genom lagstiftning då det går stick i stäv med designprinciperna. Inte heller ska en grupps vilja kring nätneutralitet påverka andras möjligheter att välja. Genomgående identifierar jag två kolliderande världsbilder, den distribuerade regelstyrda och koordinerade ordningen i sitt perspektiv med sina förkämpar, och den mer integrerande och suveräna världsordningen med sitt perspektiv och sina förkämpar. Rent praktiskt uppfyller Internet en önskad funktion i den tidigare men ej i den senare, då Internet designmässigt är byggt för att tillåta snarare än kontrollera och bestämma. Exempelvis finns det inte inbyggda (tekniska) mekanismer i Internet för att till exempel möjliggöra statlig övervakning eller kontroll av material som finns tillgängligt, och då ligger det mer i statens intresse att ha kontrollerade telekommunikationstjänster, såsom kabel-TV, mobiltelefoni och liknande lösningar där man inte helt enkelt kan lägga på ett “extra lager” för att uppnå kryptering, anonymitet eller tillgång till andra tjänster. I texten använder jag perspektiven tillsammans med teknologi, marknader och byråkrati för att fånga upp dynamiken och strömningarna i Internet-ekologin och jämför med tekniska samhällsförändringar, som exempelvis järnvägsnät, postverk och finansiella marknader. Jag konstaterar att Internet har varit styrt av teknologiskt baserade värderingar, till skillnad från de andra exemplen som i huvudsak har utformats av dynamiken mellan byråkrati och marknad. I denna mån förelår jag att teknologi kan användas som strömning och motperspektiv till den klassiska uppställningen med byråkrati och marknad för att beskriva fenomen i digitaliseringens tidsålder. Avhandlingen sätter även pågående trender i ett bredare perspektiv mot både organisation och teknik, och trycker på vikten av att förstå delarna var för sig och tillsammans för att på ett rikare sätt måla upp helheten. The modern society is to a large extent Internet-dependent. Today we rely on the Internet to handle communication for smart doors, self-scanning convenience stores, connected cars, production robots, telephones and ERP-systems. The purpose of this thesis is to unbundle the Internet, its technology, its coordination, and practical and theoretical consequences. Earlier research has, in telecommunications, focused on the Internet as one of many potential telecommunications services, such as cellphones or cable-TV, and the management and information systems field has by and large treated the Internet as black-boxable infrastructure. This thesis explains the Internet from the combined perspectives of technology and coordination. This text contains three empirical studies. The first is focused on conceptualizing and discussing the Internet in a meaningful way using both technology and coordination frameworks. I unceremoniously conclude that the Internet is both a technological and a coordination phenomenon and neither of these aspects can be ignored. The Internet is technological in that it concerns digital packet switched digital communication (as opposed to circuit switched) or purely analog communications. The technological dimension of the Internet is similar in its constituency to classical telecommunications networks, and has best-effort mechanisms for packet delivery. In the other dimension, coordination, the Internet is an explicit bottom-up phenomenon minimally coordinated (or governed) by other ideals than classical telecommunications networks and systems. At its core this least necessary coordination concerns technical unique identifiers necessary for inter-network communication (in practice today manifested as naming with the DNS protocol suite, and numbering with the BGP protocol suite). Both dimensions follow similar design characteristics; the design of the technical Internet is similar to the design of the coordination of the Internet. These design principles, which are well aligned with software design principles, is the cause of the Internet’s layered design (“separation of concerns” in practice) and minimal view of coordination (the “least coordinated Internet”). In general terms it is fruitful to view the Internet and involved actors as an ecology, rather than one organization or entity in need of governance or control. The second study looks at the social resilience of the Internet. That is, is it possible through social means to change what the Internet is or can be viewed as. I use social resilience as a counterpart to technical resilience, i.e. resilience to technical interference. In essence, the bottom-up and separations of concerns design of the coordination aspect of the Internet minimizes possible influence of actors intent on mission disruption. I also practically show that even a take-over of the central councils have little effect the constituency of the Internet, since these councils are not invested with formal powers of enforcement. This thesis suggests that the cost of switching from ICANN and IETF to another set of organizations is quite low due to the nature of the coordination of the Internet, compared to for example, switching all equipment to IPv6 capable equipment. However, the current political situation is a threat to the current Internet regime, since an international and rule-based world order is no longer on all states’ agendas. The final empirical study focus on the practical and theoretical implications of the Internet on the case of net neutrality. The primary contribution is that de facto and de jure net neutrality differ in practice, and as such de facto net neutrality deserves more attention. Also, I suggest that any regulation, either for or against net neutrality, is problematic, since such regulation would interfere with the inherent coordination mechanisms of the Internet. As such regulation should focus on providing the necessary markets for Internet function given the coordination and design of the Internet. As a net neutrality example, net neutral Internet access options should exist as part of a natural service offering if wanted by customers, not due to direct regulation. Throughout the thesis I identify two colliding world orders, both in terms of digital communication networks and terms of organizing society in general: the rule-based and coordinating order with its champions, and the integrated or sovereign order with its champions. In practical terms, the Internet can be considered a want in the former (the distributed perspective), but not the later (the integrative perspective), since the Internet lacks inherent (technical) controls for surveillance and content control which are necessary in a world order where borders are important. Regardless of if that importance stems from state oversight or intellectual property rights legislation. I use these perspectives together with technology, markets and bureaucracy to catch the dynamics of the Internet ecology. I then compare these dynamics with other technological and societal phenomena, such as railway networks, postal services and financial markets. And conclude that the Internet (as conceptualized in this thesis) can best be explained by technological values, in opposite to the other examples which can best by explained by the dynamics of markets and bureaucracies without any real influence of the values of technology. As such, I suggest that the classical frame of markets and bureaucracy can fruitfully be expanded with technology to better explain the Internet and similar digitization phenomena. This thesis puts current trends in a broader perspective based on technology and organization, where the two perspectives together better can draw the full picture in a rich fashion.
