Download or read book The Treatment of Lateral Boundary Conditions in Limited area Models written by Ralph Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models used to simulate or predict atmospheric behavior are limited in scope because of insufficient knowledge of the initial conditions and forcing functions. But these limitations are generally dwarfed by the limited capacity and power of even the largest and most powerful computers. Thus, where a solution is required with high resolution for some limited area of interest, it is often impractical to solve the model throughout the entire domain with the same uniformly high resolution. A pragmatic approach is proposed here which overspecifies the artificial lateral boundaries of a fine-mesh, limited-area, nested region and depends upon a high-order phase and amplitude restoring interpolation along with a high-order, but weak, smoothing operator to control noise and ensure versimilitude. The dynamic tests are carried out in the framework of a multilevel primitive equation model and show unequivocally the importance of correct phase information for the lateral boundaries of the fine-mesh region. The results obtained indicate that the simple procedure proposed here should yield satisfactory results in operational fine-mesh, limited-area models.
Download or read book The Treatment of Lateral Boundary Conditions in Limited area Models written by Ralph Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical models used to simulate or predict atmospheric behavior are limited in scope because of insufficient knowledge of the initial conditions and forcing functions. But these limitations are generally dwarfed by the limited capacity and power of even the largest and most powerful computers. Thus, where a solution is required with high resolution for some limited area of interest, it is often impractical to solve the model throughout the entire domain with the same uniformly high resolution. A pragmatic approach is proposed here which overspecifies the artificial lateral boundaries of a fine-mesh, limited-area, nested region and depends upon a high-order phase and amplitude restoring interpolation along with a high-order, but weak, smoothing operator to control noise and ensure versimilitude. The dynamic tests are carried out in the framework of a multilevel primitive equation model and show unequivocally the importance of correct phase information for the lateral boundaries of the fine-mesh region. The results obtained indicate that the simple procedure proposed here should yield satisfactory results in operational fine-mesh, limited-area models.
Download or read book The Specification of Lateral Boundary Conditions in Three Dimensional Mesoscale Numerical Models written by Keith L. Seitter and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A difficult aspect of numerical modeling on the meso-beta scale is the specification of values on the lateral boundaries. This study uses a one-dimensional shallow water model with parameters appropriately specified for this scale to investigate a number of lateral boundary condition formulations. Two geostrophically imbalanced initial conditions are used to treat the boundary condition formulations. The scale of the disturbances was smaller than the Rossby radius of deformation and the adjustment process was completed rapidly by the redistribution of the height field by waves. The results of experiments with the model verified that any form of specified condition results in wave reflection at the boundary which destroys the physical solution. Extrapolation in the form of setting the gradient equal to zero was also shown to be inadequate. The sponge condition which is meant to absorb wave energy impinging on the boundary, provided acceptable solutions only if the specified boundary values were consistent with the geostrophically balanced interior. Several formulations of radiation condition were tested and the most accurate results were obtained when these were used. The radiation conditions did, however, allow a change of mass within the domain unless the phasespeeds of the outgoing waves were specified exactly.
Download or read book Climate Change Modeling Methodology written by Philip J. Rasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and computer models project that it will rise much more over the next hundred years, with significant impacts on weather, climate, and human society. Many climate scientists attribute these increases to the build up of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels and to the anthropogenic production of short-lived climate pollutants. Climate Change Modeling Methodologies: Selected Entries from the Encyclopaedia of Sustainability Science and Technology provides readers with an introduction to the tools and analysis techniques used by climate change scientists to interpret the role of these forcing agents on climate. Readers will also gain a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models and how to test and assess them. The contributions include a glossary of key terms and a concise definition of the subject for each topic, as well as recommendations for sources of more detailed information.
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment written by Markus Quante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.
Download or read book Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields written by A. Gyr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.
Download or read book Numerical Methods for Problems in Infinite Domains written by D. Givoli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews and discusses the main numerical methods used today for solving problems in infinite domains. It also presents in detail one very effective method in this class, namely the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) finite element method. The book is intended to provide the researcher or engineer with the state-of-the-art in numerical solution methods for infinite domain problems, such as the problems encountered in acoustics and structural acoustics, fluid dynamics, meteorology, and many other fields of application. The emphasis is on the fundamentals of the various methods, and on reporting recent progress and forecasting future directions. An appendix at the end of the book provides an introduction to the essentials of the finite element method, and suggests a short list of texts on the subject which are categorized by their level of mathematics.
Download or read book An Introduction to the Management of Complex Software Projects written by Veljko Milutinović and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-21 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the challenges of managing software projects, such as changing requirements, uncertain technologies, and evolving user needs, provides strategies for addressing these and other emerging issues, and contains a number of eye-opening perspectives from experts in different fields. Instead of relying solely on traditional project management techniques, the book presents a holistic, adaptive, and flexible framework that takes into account the unique challenges of each particular case of software development. It recognizes that software development is a complex and creative process that involves people with diverse skills and personalities, and provides insights into how to motivate and manage teams, how to communicate effectively, how to automate processes, and how to deal with conflict and uncertainty, from computer engineering and mathematical logic, all the way to advanced geophysics and earthquake engineering. It provides a wealth of practical advice and guidance, as well as insights into the latest schools of thought related to software project management.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Lateral Boundary Effects on Inner Domain of COAMPS written by Brad G. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2004-09-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major problems with a Limited Area Model is the introduction of error from the lateral boundaries. The boundary condition provides a source of forcing to the interior of the model. This forcing typically originates from a global model such as NOGAPS. The transition at the boundary from one model to another invariably produces errors. Traditionally, the way to minimize boundary error is to move the boundary as far away from the area of interest as possible. In this way, the errors do not have time to infest the LAM with bad information. Moving the boundary far away from the area of interest increases the computational forecast load and decreases its timeliness. This study looks at how close the lateral boundary can be to minimize computational time and still maintain a forecast that is useful. It was found that when the entire inner COAMPS nest was analyzed, the differences between the control forecast and the test forecast where within the natural variability of the control grid. It was also found that there where localized areas within the model domain that differed between the control domain and the test domain by up to 20 mb for the sea level pressure after a six day forecast.
Download or read book Report on Research at AFCRL written by Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Numerical Weather Prediction written by Jean Coiffier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical models have become essential tools in environmental science, particularly in weather forecasting and climate prediction. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques used in these fields, with emphasis on the design of the most recent numerical models of the atmosphere. It presents a short history of numerical weather prediction and its evolution, before describing the various model equations and how to solve them numerically. It outlines the main elements of a meteorological forecast suite, and the theory is illustrated throughout with practical examples of operational models and parameterizations of physical processes. This book is founded on the author's many years of experience, as a scientist at Météo-France and teaching university-level courses. It is a practical and accessible textbook for graduate courses and a handy resource for researchers and professionals in atmospheric physics, meteorology and climatology, as well as the related disciplines of fluid dynamics, hydrology and oceanography.
Download or read book East Aisa And Western Pacific Meteorology And Climate Proceedings Of The 2nd International Conference written by Y K Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1993-08-30 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Buoyancy Driven Flows written by Eric P. Chassignet and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-05 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes buoyancy-driven flows for advanced students and researchers in oceanography, geophysical fluid dynamics, atmospheric science and Earth science.
Download or read book Advances in Geophysics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1991-01-22 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Geophysics
Download or read book Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models written by Peter H. Lauritzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys recent developments in numerical techniques for global atmospheric models. It is based upon a collection of lectures prepared by leading experts in the field. The chapters reveal the multitude of steps that determine the global atmospheric model design. They encompass the choice of the equation set, computational grids on the sphere, horizontal and vertical discretizations, time integration methods, filtering and diffusion mechanisms, conservation properties, tracer transport, and considerations for designing models for massively parallel computers. A reader interested in applied numerical methods but also the many facets of atmospheric modeling should find this book of particular relevance.
