Download or read book The Toxicity of Nitroguanidine and Photolyzed Nitroguandine to Freshwater Aquatic Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acute toxicity of nitroguanidine (NGu) to ten species of freshwater aquatic organisms was determined. Fish exposed to NGu for 96 hours included fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Invertebrates, which were tested for 48 hours, included water fleas (Daphnia magna), amphipods (Hyallela azteca and Gammarus minus), midge larvae (Paratanytarsus dissimili), and aquatic worms (Lumbriculus variegatus). The acute toxicity of NGu was very low; less than 50 percent of any of these organisms exposed to NGu were killed at concentrations up to the solubility limit of NGu in water, which ranged from about 1,700 mg/L at 12 C (trout tests) to about 3,000 mg/L at 22 C (most other species). Complete photolyzation of NGu with ultraviolet light greatly increased NGu toxicity. The toxicity of phi-NGu decreased with time but was still much more toxic than NGu. Originator-supplied keywords include: Acute toxicity, Algae, Amphipod, Aquatic toxicology, Bluegill, Channle catfish, Daphnia magna, Fathead minnow, Fish, Gammarus minus, Hyallela azteca, Ictalurus punctatus, Invertebrates, Lepomis macrochirus, Lumbriculus variegatus, Midge larvae, Nitroguanidine, Oligochaete, Paratanytarsus dissimilis, Pimephales promelas, Photolysis, Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Selenastrum capricornutum.
Download or read book Toxicity of Nitroguanidine Nitroglycerin Hexahydro 1 3 5 Trinitro 1 3 5 Triazine RDX and 2 4 6 Trinitrotoluene TNT to Selected Freshwater Aquatic Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of the study was to conduct the necessary toxicity tests to complete the existing data base for deriving U.S. EPA numerical water quality criteria for freshwater organisms exposed to nitroguanidine (NQ), nitroglycerin (NG), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). A secondary objective of the study was to determine what effect photolysis may have on the toxicity of NQ and RDX. The acute toxicity of NQ was established for the hydra (Hydra littoralis), cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The following NQ chronic tests were performed: 7-d cladoceran, 28-d ELS rainbow trout, and 28-d ELS fathead minnow. Photolyzed NQ was 100-fold more toxic to the cladoceran than the parent compound. NG acute toxicity was determined for the green alga (Selenastrum capriocornutum), hydra, cladoceran, midge (Paratanytarsus parthenogenticus), and fathead minnow. The following chronic tests were conducted with NG: 7-d cladoceran, 60-d ELS rainbow trout, and 28-d ELS fathead minnow. RDX acute toxicity was established for green alga, hydra, midge, cladoceran, and fathead minnow. The following chronic tests were conducted with RDX: 7-d cladoceran, Nitroguanidine, Nitroglycerin, Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX), 2, 4,6-Trinitrotoluene(TNT), Acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, Photolysis, Selenastrum capricornutum, Lemna minor, Hydra littoralis, Paratanarsus partheno life cycle, and 28-d ELS fathead minnow. genticus, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Download or read book Ecotoxicology of Explosives written by Geoffrey I. Sunahara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidiscip
Download or read book Toxicity of Military Unique Compounds in Aquatic Organisms written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Manoj K. Shukla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of energetic materials, including their synthesis, computational modeling, applications, associated degradation mechanisms, environmental consequences and fate and transport. This multi-author contributed volume describes how armed forces around the world are moving their attention from legacy explosive compounds, which are heat and shock sensitive (thus posing greater challenges in terms of handling and storage), to the insensitive munitions compounds/formulations such as insensitive munitions explosive (IMX) and the Picatinny Arsenal Explosive (PAX) series of compounds. The description of energetic materials focuses on explosives, pyrotechnic compositions, and propellants. The contributors go on to explain how modern generation energetic compounds must be insensitive to shock and heat but at the same time yield more energy upon explosion. Nanoinspired and/or co-crystallized energetic materials offer another route to generate next-generation energetic materials, and this authoritative book bridges a large gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of these compounds. Additionally, it includes a valuable overview of energetic materials, a detailed discussion of recent advances on future energetic compounds, nanotechnology in energetic materials, environmental contamination and toxicity, assessment of munitions lethality, the application quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) in design of energetics and the fate and transport of munition compounds in the environment.
Download or read book Anthropogenic Compounds written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary subject, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environ mental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environ mental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about one hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Toxicity of Guanidine Nitrate to Freshwater Aquatic Organisms written by W. H. van der Schalie and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The toxicity of guanidine nitrate (GN) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and water fleas (Daphnia magna) was determined. Based on immobilization of D. magna, the static acute 48 hour EC50 of GN was 70.2 mg/L, with 95 percent confidence limits of 66.0 to 74.7. An initial 21 day flow-through chronic test with D, magna showed that significant toxic effects occurred at the lowest GN concentration tested, 4.2 mg/L. In a second chronic test, statistically significant effects on reproduction (young per female per reproductive day) were found at 6.09 mg/L, but no effects were found at 2.90 mg/L, the next lowest concentration. Fathead minnows exposed to GN in a 35 day early life stage test were much less sensitive than D. magna. Statistically significant effects on survival were noted at 424 mg/L but not at lower concentrations (181 mg/L and below). To allow better evaluation of the potential effects of GN on aquatic communities, more data should be obtained on the toxicity of GN to additional fish, aquatic invertebrate, and aquatic plant species. The effects of water quality parameters on toxicity and the toxicity of significant environmental breakdown products of GN (if any) should also be determined.
Download or read book Drinking Water Health Advisory written by Welford C. Roberts and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-06-16 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Office of Water (OW) initiated the Health Advisory Program in 1978 to provide information and guidance to individuals or agencies concerned with potential risk from drinking water contaminants for which no national regulations currently exist. Since that time, over 100 Health Advisories (HAs) have been published in final form for inorganic, organic, and microbial contaminants. This volume contains HAs for munitions chemicals developed as part of a Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. EPA and the Department of the Army. To develop each HA, the authors reviewed toxicological data for each chemical and presented the relevant studies to allow an evaluation of the data without continued reference to the primary documents. Each HA has undergone critical internal review by the OW Toxicology Review Panel, EPA program offices, the EPA Reference Dose (RfD) Committee, the EPA Carcinogen Risk Assessment and Verification Enterprise (CRAVE) Committee, and the Army Medical Department (for munitions chemicals only). Finally, the HAs were reviewed by an external panel of experts in toxicology and risk assessments. Drinking Water Health Advisory: Munitions will be an important reference document for all DOD/DOE hazardous waste sites, drinking water professionals, and academic libraries.
Download or read book Toxic and Hazardous Materials written by James K. Webster and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1987-01-13 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bibliography of material on hazardous materials and directory of organizations and other producers of further information.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Energetic Compounds written by Paul L. Marinkas and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects the progress in the last decade or two in selected topics within the field of organic energetic compounds. New areas of energetic materials science have achieved prominence, such as molecular orbital calculations, toxicology, biodegradation, and counter-terrorism. The topics selected for discussion in this volume embody the more exciting work in the field which is taking place in laboratories around the world.
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
