Download or read book The Theory of the Optical Activity in Crystals written by Kenji Natori and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Molecule as Meme written by Jeffrey Huw Williams and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was not until 1971 that the authority for defining scientific units, the General Conference of Weights and Measures got around to defining the unit that is the basis of chemistry (the mole, or the quantity of something). Yet for all this tardiness in putting the chemical sciences on a sound quantitative basis, chemistry is an old and venerable subject and one naturally asks the question, why? Well, the truth is that up until the mid-1920s, many physicists did not believe in the reality of molecules. Indeed, it was not until after the physics community had accepted Ernest Rutherford's 1913 solar-system-like model of the atom, and the quantum mechanical model of the coupling of electron spins in atoms that physicists started to take seriously the necessity of explaining the chemical changes that chemists had been observing, investigating and recording since the days of the alchemists.
Download or read book Crystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion and Excitons written by Vladimir M. Agranovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial dispersion, namely, the dependence of the dielectric-constant tensor on the wave vector (i.e., on the wavelength) at a fixed frequency, is receiving increased attention in electrodynamics and condensed-matter optics, partic ularly in crystal optics. In contrast to frequency dispersion, namely, the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, spatial dispersion is of interest in optics mainly when it leads to qualitatively new phenomena. One such phenomenon has been weH known for many years; it is the natural optical activity (gyrotropy). But there are other interesting effects due to spatial dispersion, namely, new normal waves near absorption lines, optical anisotropy of cubic crystals, and many others. Crystal optics that takes spatial dispersion into account includes classical crystal optics with frequency dispersion only, as a special case. In our opinion, this fact alone justifies efforts to develop crystal optics with spatial dispersion taken into account, although admittedly its influence is smaH in some cases and it is observable only under rather special conditions. Furthermore, spatial dispersion in crystal optics deserves attention from another point as well, namely, the investigation of excitons that can be excited by light. We contend that crystal optics with spatial dispersion and the theory of excitons are fields that overlap to a great extent, and that it is sometimes quite impossible to separate them. It is our aim to show the true interplay be tween these interrelations and to combine the macroscopic and microscopic approaches to crystal optics with spatial dispersion and exciton theory.
Download or read book Crystal Symmetries written by B. K. Vainshtein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal Symmetries is a timely account of the progress in the most diverse fields of crystallography. It presents a broad overview of the theory of symmetry and contains state of the art reports of its modern directions and applications to crystal physics and crystal properties. Geometry takes a special place in this treatise. Structural aspects of phase transitions, correlation of structure and properties, polytypism, modulated structures, and other topics are discussed. Applications of important techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, biophysical studies, EPR spectroscopy, crystal optics, and nuclear solid state physics, are represented. Contains 30 research and review papers.
Download or read book Second Harmonic Light Generation in Crystals with Natural Optical Activity written by H. J. Simon and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whenever a circularly polarized laser beam propagates along an axis of three-fold symmetry in a piezoelectric crystal, the second harmonic polarization is circularly polarized in the opposite sense. Rabin and Bey have discussed the theory of second harmonic generation in crystals with natural optical activity. We have observed this circular polarization and also the difference in coherence lengths for opposite senses of circular polarization, with both fundamental and second harmonic beams propagating along the (111) direction in single crystals of NaClO3 and NaBrO3, belonging to the cubic class 23, for which the proper eigenmodes are circularly polarized waves. The nonlinear susceptibility of both NaClO3 and NaBrO3 has been measured and compared with the nonlinear susceptibility of a-quartz. The relative sign of the susceptibilities has been determined in second harmonic interference experiments with the same laser beam traversing two crystals in succession. The interesting question of the sign of the nonlinear susceptibility, piezoelectric constant, optical activity, and the absolute atomic configuration of the antipodes is discussed. The question of conservation of angular momentum is resolved by taking into account the crystalline field potential of three-fold symmetry which gives rise to a torque on the crystal lattice. (Author).
Download or read book The Molecular Basis of Optical Activity written by Elliot Charney and published by Krieger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystal Optics with Spatial Dispersion and Excitons written by Vladimir M. Agranovich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial dispersion, namely, the dependence of the dielectric-constant tensor on the wave vector (i.e., on the wavelength) at a fixed frequency, is receiving increased attention in electrodynamics and condensed-matter optics, partic ularly in crystal optics. In contrast to frequency dispersion, namely, the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, spatial dispersion is of interest in optics mainly when it leads to qualitatively new phenomena. One such phenomenon has been weH known for many years; it is the natural optical activity (gyrotropy). But there are other interesting effects due to spatial dispersion, namely, new normal waves near absorption lines, optical anisotropy of cubic crystals, and many others. Crystal optics that takes spatial dispersion into account includes classical crystal optics with frequency dispersion only, as a special case. In our opinion, this fact alone justifies efforts to develop crystal optics with spatial dispersion taken into account, although admittedly its influence is smaH in some cases and it is observable only under rather special conditions. Furthermore, spatial dispersion in crystal optics deserves attention from another point as well, namely, the investigation of excitons that can be excited by light. We contend that crystal optics with spatial dispersion and the theory of excitons are fields that overlap to a great extent, and that it is sometimes quite impossible to separate them. It is our aim to show the true interplay be tween these interrelations and to combine the macroscopic and microscopic approaches to crystal optics with spatial dispersion and exciton theory.
Download or read book Optical Activity in Crystals written by Pamela Anne Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volume 25 Optical Methods of Investigating Solid Bodies written by D. V. Skobel tsyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal results of the work are as follows: 1. A simplified technique was devised for obtaining Raman spectra of powders. 2. The Raman and infrared absorption spectra of the following oxides were investigated: AsP3' SbP3' As 0 - SbP5. Te02. Ge02 (two forms) in the crystalline state, and ASP3' Ge02' Te0 in the glassy state. 2 5 2 3. The vibrational spectra of the crystalline and glassy forms of the oxides ASP3' Ge02' Te02 are simi lar in many main respects, indicating a similarity of their structural units which determine the vibrational spec tra of these substances. 4. By a study of the vibrational spectrum it was shown that arsenious anhydride has a molecular structure and consists of As0 molecules having symmetry of the point group Td' The force constants and vibration fre 4 6 quencies of the As 0 molecule were calculated. and the vibrational spectrum of arsenious anhydride was re 4 6 liably interpreted with the aid of these results. 5. A similar result was obtained for antimonous anhydride. consisting of Sb0 molecule.s with symmetry 4 6 ofthe point group Td. The force constants for this molecule were found and the vibrational spectrum was calculated.
Download or read book Optical Activity in Crystals written by Pamela Anne Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chiral Analysis written by Kenneth W. Busch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chiral Analysis covers an important area of analytical chemistry of relevance to a wide variety of scientific professionals. The target audience is scientific professionals with an undergraduate background in chemistry or a related discipline, specifically organic chemists, researchers in drug discovery, pharmaceutical researchers involved with process analysis or combinatorial libraries, and graduate students in chemistry. Chapters have been written with the nonspecialist in mind so as to be self-contained. * Broad coverage - spectroscopic and separation methods covered in a single volume * Up-to-date and detailed review of the various techniques available and/or under development in this field * Contributions from leading experts in the field
Download or read book Optical Activity and Crystal Structure written by Iain John Tebbutt and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vibrational Optical Activity written by Laurence A. Nafie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book stands as the only comprehensive introduction to vibrational optical activity (VOA) and is the first single book that serves as a complete reference for this relatively new, but increasingly important area of molecular spectroscopy. Key features: A single-source reference on this topic that introduces, describes the background and foundation of this area of spectroscopy. Serves as a guide on how to use it to carry out applications with relevant problem solving. Depth and breadth of the subject is presented in a logical, complete and progressive fashion. Although intended as an introductory text, this book provides in depth coverage of this topic relevant to both students and professionals by taking the reader from basic theory through to practical and instrumental approaches.
Download or read book An Introduction to Crystal Optics written by Peter Gay and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1982 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Activity and Chiral Discrimination written by S.F. Mason and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Louis Pasteur, the two distinctive properties of dissymmetric systems, optical activity and chiral discrimination, provided prime evidence for a Divine origin to the universe. Handedness appeared to be built into the macrocosm of the galaxies, each with a non-superposable mirror image by virtue of its rotation, as well as the microcosm of each molecule of most natural products. The best that the chemist in the laboratory could accomplish appeared to be the synthesis of the detordu internally-compensated meso-form and, as Pasteur ultimately came to admit, the externally-compensated racemic form. In the latter case the chemist generated not merely one but two chiral structures, although parity, and secondary symmetry generally, seemed to be conserved in the enantiomer antipode pair. The cosmic element in the Pasteur tradition received an augmentation in secular form from demonstrations of the non conservation of parity in the weak interactions, and from the discovery of net circularity in the extra-terrestrial photons, such as those from the less-distant planets, particularly the photons from the Jupiter red-spot. The development of the photoacoustic circular analysers a decade ago was received in fact with as much enthusiasm by the astronomers as by the chemists. It would be just to add, however, that the majority of these circular analysers are now to be found, not in the observatories, but in the physical and chemistry laboratories devoted to the molecular aspects of the Pasteur tradition.
Download or read book tudes on Theoretical Physics written by Leonid M. Barkovsky and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - A collection of papers spanning decades and touching on a wide variety of research topics on modern theoretical physics written by leading scientists from the Belarusian State University bull; Provides concise information about the methods and applicati.
Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Crystals A Complete Survey written by David N. Nikogosyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-21 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear Optical Crystals contains the most complete and up-to-date reference material on properties of nonlinear optical crystals including: Traditional and specific applications The mathematical formulas necessary for the calculation of the frequency conversion process A survey of 63 nonlinear optical crystals containing more than 1500 different references with full titles Recent applications of common and novel nonlinear materials, including quasi-phase matching Special consideration for periodically-poled and self-frequency-doubling materials Significant amount of crystallophysical, thermophysical, spectroscopic, electro-optic and magneto-optic information
