Download or read book The Theory of Optimal Currency Areas Pros and Cons of the Eurozone written by Thorsten Mannherz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-10-17 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,7, University of applied sciences, Cologne, course: Economics, language: English, abstract: On the 1st of January 1999, 11 European countries adopted the Euro as their official currency. A new Economic and Monetary Union with more than 300 million citizens was born. Sharing a common currency offers several advantages for countries, firms and citizens like enhanced cross-border trade, a better price transparency or the disappearance of foreign exchange rate risks. However, a Monetary Union also comes with constraints like the loss of exchange rate regime of its members which is an important instrument to fight adverse shocks. In order to minimize economic risks for its members and to foster the economic stability of the future European EMU, the European Union member states agreed to meet the Euro Convergence Criteria as a requirement to adopt the Euro. During the negotiations about the necessary criterion, the theory of Optimal Currency Areas – a theory which has its origin in the Bretton Woods era – was deliberately reincarnated by economists to verify whether or not the Eurozone can become a successful EMU. Until today the (traditional) OCA theory is often used by the literature and also by politicians to evince fundamental flaws of the Eurozone. This assignment investigates the Eurozone in the light of the theory of Optimal Currency Areas. In the first part of this assignment the main contributors to the theory of Optimal Currency Areas are enumerated and its most significant factors are explained. The second part applies the listed factors to the Eurozone in order to determine whether or not a specific criterion is fulfilled by the European EMU. A summary and conclusion complete this essay.
Download or read book Handbook of the History of Money and Currency written by Stefano Battilossi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art research in the field of monetary and financial history. The authors comprise different generations of leading scholars from universities worldwide. Thanks to its unrivaled breadth both in time (from antiquity to the present) and geographical coverage (from Europe to the Americas and Asia), the volume is set to become a key reference for historians, economists, and social scientists with an interest in the subject. The handbook reflects the existing variety of scholarly approaches in the field, from theoretically driven macroeconomic history to the political economy of monetary institutions and the historical evolution of monetary policies. Its thematic sections cover a wide range of topics, including the historical origins of money; money, coinage, and the state; trade, money markets, and international currencies; money and metals; monetary experiments; Asian monetary systems; exchange rate regimes; monetary integration; central banking and monetary policy; and aggregate price shocks.
Download or read book One Market One Money written by Michael Emerson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Community is negotiating a new treaty to establish the constitutional foundations of an economic and monetary union in the course of the 1990s. This study provides the only comprehensive guide to the economic implications of economic and monetary union. The work of an economist inside the Commission of the European Community, it reflects the considerations influencing the design of the union. The study creates a unique bridge between the insights of modern economic analysis and the work of the policy makers preparing for economic and monetary union.
Download or read book Euro written by Philip Booth and published by Institute of Economic Affairs. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the debate from when the euro was first introduced to the sources of its current problems, this book proposes radical solutions to resolve the long-running crisis of the European Monetary Union. Initially, free-market economists were generally supportive of the euro, believing it would reduce the tendency towards inflation and encourage economic reform. However, in this current analysis, the authors--a group of leading monetary economists--make it perfectly clear that if the members of the eurozone are to prosper in the long term, the status quo cannot continue. These nine essays explore topics that include the UK's decision not to join, the fate of past monetary unions, why the euro is failing, practical exit strategies, and a possible free-banking solution for the eurozone, among many more.
Download or read book The Wal Mart Effect written by Charles Fishman and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An award-winning journalist breaks through the wall of secrecy to reveal how the world's most powerful company really works and how it is transforming the American economy.
Download or read book Currency Unions written by Alberto Alesina and published by Hoover Institution Press. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currency Unions reviews the traditional case for flexible exchange rates and "countercyclical"—that is, expansionary during recessions and contractionary in booms—monetary policy, and shows how flexible exchange rate regimes can better insulate the economy from such real disturbances as terms-of-trade shocks. The book also looks at the pitfalls of flexible exchange rates—and why fixed rates, particularly full dollarization—might be a more sensible choice for some emerging-market countries. The contributors also detail the factors that determine the optimal sizes of currency unions, explain how currency union greatly expands the volume of international trade among its members, and examine the recent implementation of dollarization in Ecuador.
Download or read book The International Economy written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Convergence in the Euro Area Coming Together or Drifting Apart written by Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine economic convergence among euro area countries on multiple dimensions. While there was nominal convergence of inflation and interest rates, real convergence of per capita income levels has not occurred among the original euro area members since the advent of the common currency. Income convergence stagnated in the early years of the common currency and has reversed in the wake of the global economic crisis. New euro area members, in contrast, have seen real income convergence. Business cycles became more synchronized, but the amplitude of those cycles diverged. Financial cycles showed a similar pattern: sychronizing more over time, but with divergent amplitudes. Income convergence requires reforms boosting productivity growth in lagging countries, while cyclical and financial convergence can be enhanced by measures to improve national and euro area fiscal policies, together with steps to deepen the single market.
Download or read book The Euro and the Battle of Ideas written by Markus K. Brunnermeier and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How philosophical differences between Eurozone nations led to the Euro crisis—and where to go from here Why is Europe's great monetary endeavor, the Euro, in trouble? A string of economic difficulties in Greece, Ireland, Spain, Italy, and other Eurozone nations has left observers wondering whether the currency union can survive. In this book, Markus Brunnermeier, Harold James, and Jean-Pierre Landau argue that the core problem with the Euro lies in the philosophical differences between the founding countries of the Eurozone, particularly Germany and France. But the authors also show how these seemingly incompatible differences can be reconciled to ensure Europe’s survival. As the authors demonstrate, Germany, a federal state with strong regional governments, saw the Maastricht Treaty, the framework for the Euro, as a set of rules. France, on the other hand, with a more centralized system of government, saw the framework as flexible, to be overseen by governments. The authors discuss how the troubles faced by the Euro have led its member states to focus on national, as opposed to collective, responses, a reaction explained by the resurgence of the battle of economic ideas: rules vs. discretion, liability vs. solidarity, solvency vs. liquidity, austerity vs. stimulus. Weaving together economic analysis and historical reflection, The Euro and the Battle of Ideas provides a forensic investigation and a road map for Europe’s future.
Download or read book Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development written by Kui-Wai Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development reconsiders capitalism by taking into account the unfolding forces of economic globalization, especially in Asian economies. It explores the economic implications and consequences of recent financial crises, terrorism, ultra-low interest rates that are decades-long, debt-prone countries and countries with large trade surpluses. The book illuminates these economic implications and consequences through a framework of capitalist ideologies and concepts, recognizing that Asia is redefining capitalism today. The author, Li, seeks not to describe why nations fail, but how the sustainability of capitalism can save the world. Merges capitalist theory with global events, as few books do Emphasizes ways to interpret capitalist ideas in light of current global affairs Reframes capitalism via economics, supported by insights from political science, sociology, international relations and peace studies
Download or read book A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas written by Mr.Robert P. Flood and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-05-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with Friedman and Mundell the academic literature has conducted a high level debate concerning the design of cross-country monetary arrangements. That debate has become very complex and the data requirements necessary for appropriate application of the principles developed are far beyond the means of the very nations for which the principles might be valuable. In this paper we return to the simplicity of the early arguments and formalize them in a way that may be helpful for currency area decisions where little is known about economic structure.
Download or read book The International Disequilibrium System written by Robert Alexander Mundell and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Political Economy of a Common Currency written by David Stasavage and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this title, David Stasavage explores several alternative political economy explanations for the persistence of the Franc Zone and its macroeconomic management over the period 1945 to 2000. He addresses the issue of sustainability and asks why the Franc Zone has survived despite several major political and economic shocks that might have easily led to its dissolution. These include decolonisation, France's entry into the European Community and the growing marginalisation of Africa in world affairs. He also considers the issue of credibility and in particular the extent to which the Franc Zone arrangements commit member states to prudent macroeconomic policies.
Download or read book The Euro dollar Market an Interpretation written by Alexander K. Swoboda and published by Princeton, N.J. : International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University. This book was released on 1968 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monetary Problems of the International Economy written by Robert A. Mundell and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book The Euro Crisis written by P. Arestis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-05 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and informed analysis of the current crisis facing the eurozone, examining the root causes and exploring the possible outcomes and uncertain future of the European Union and its currency. Chapters include case studies of Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Greece, as well as broader comparative perspectives.
