Download or read book The Synthesis of the Elements written by Giora Shaviv and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-13 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the origins and evolution of the chemical elements we and the cosmos are made of. The story starts with the discovery of the common elements on Earth and their subsequent discovery in space. How do we learn the composition of the distant stars? How did progress in quantum theory, nuclear physics, spectroscopy, stellar structure and evolution, together with observations of stars, converge to provide an incredibly detailed picture of the universe? How does research in the micro-world explain the macro-world? How does progress in one affect the other, or lack of knowledge in one inhibit progress in the other? In short, Shaviv describes how we discovered the various pieces of the jigsaw that form our present picture of the universe; and how we sometimes put these in the wrong place before finding in the right one. En route we meet some fascinating personalities and learn about heated controversies. Shaviv shows how science lurched from one dogma to the next, time and again shattering much of what had been considered solid knowledge, until eventually a stable understanding arose. Beginning with generally accepted science, the book ends in today’s terra incognita of nuclear physics, astrophysics and cosmology. A monumental work that will fascinate scientists, philosophers, historians and lay readers alike.
Download or read book Elements of Synthesis Planning written by R. W. Hoffmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-07 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesis is at the core of organic chemistry. In order for compounds to be studied—be it as drugs, materials, or because of their physical properties— they have to be prepared, often in multistep synthetic sequences. Thus, the target compound is at the outset of synthesis planning. Synthesis involves creating the target compound from smaller, readily available building blocks. Immediately, questions arise: From which bui- ing blocks? In which sequence? By which reactions? Nature creates many highly complex “natural products” via reaction cascades, in which an asso- ment of starting compounds present within the cell is transformed by speci c (for each target structure) combinations of modular enzymes in speci c - quences into the target compounds [1, 2]. To mimic this ef ciency is the dream of an ideal synthesis [2]. However, we are at present so far from - alising such a “one-pot” operation that actual synthesis has to be achieved via a sequence of individual discrete steps. Thus, we are left with the task of planning each synthesis individually in an optimal fashion. Synthesis planning must be conducted with regard for certain speci - tions, some of which are due to the structure of the target molecule, and some of which relate to external parameters such as costs, environmental compatibility, or novelty. We will not consider these external aspects in this context. Planning of a synthesis is based on a pool of information regarding chemical reactions that can be executed reliably and in high chemical yield.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics written by Noboru Takigawa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the current understanding of the fundamentals of nuclear physics by referring to key experimental data and by providing a theoretical understanding of principal nuclear properties. It primarily covers the structure of nuclei at low excitation in detail. It also examines nuclear forces and decay properties. In addition to fundamentals, the book treats several new research areas such as non-relativistic as well as relativistic Hartree–Fock calculations, the synthesis of super-heavy elements, the quantum chromodynamics phase diagram, and nucleosynthesis in stars, to convey to readers the flavor of current research frontiers in nuclear physics. The authors explain semi-classical arguments and derivation of its formulae. In these ways an intuitive understanding of complex nuclear phenomena is provided. The book is aimed at graduate school students as well as junior and senior undergraduate students and postdoctoral fellows. It is also useful for researchers to update their knowledge of diverse fields of nuclear structure. The book explains how basic physics such as quantum mechanics and statistical physics, as well as basic physical mathematics, is used to describe nuclear phenomena. A number of questions are given from place to place as supplements to the text.
Download or read book A Brief History of Element Discovery Synthesis and Analysis written by Glen W. Watson and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-08-15 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of "A Brief History of Element Discovery, Synthesis, and Analysis" by Glen W. Watson. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature.
Download or read book Le Corbusier written by Stanislaus von Moos and published by 010 Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in Germany in 1968, this first comprehensive and critical survey of Le Corbusier's life and work soon became the standard text on the architect and polymath. French, Spanish, English, Japanese and Korean editions followed, but the book has now been out of print for almost two decades. In the meantime, Le Corbusier's archives in Paris have become available for research, resulting in an avalanche of scholarship. Von Moos' critical take and the basic criteria by which the subject is organized and historicized remain surprisingly pertinent in the context of this recent jungle of Corbusier studies. This new, completely revised edition is based on the 1979 version published in English by the MIT Press but offers a substantially updated body of illustrations. Each of the seven chapters is supplemented by a critical survey of recent scholarship on the respective issues. An updated edition of this acclaimed book, an essential read for students of architecture and architectural history.
Download or read book Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials science and engineering (MSE) contributes to our everyday lives by making possible technologies ranging from the automobiles we drive to the lasers our physicians use. Materials Science and Engineering for the 1990s charts the impact of MSE on the private and public sectors and identifies the research that must be conducted to help America remain competitive in the world arena. The authors discuss what current and future resources would be needed to conduct this research, as well as the role that industry, the federal government, and universities should play in this endeavor.
Download or read book Beyond the Molecular Frontier written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€"into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€"so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€"from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future.
Download or read book Microsynthesis with Tracer Elements written by Arthur Murray and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cauldrons in the Cosmos written by Claus E. Rolfs and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference source that addresses fundamental questions in the field of nuclear astrophysics.
Download or read book Main Group Metals in Organic Synthesis written by Hisashi Yamamoto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first handbook to cover in detail all aspects of this fascinating field of chemistry. In this handy two-volume set, readers will instantly find the information they need, clearly structured according to the individual metals in the main groups, hitherto only accessible after much time-consuming research. The result is in indispensable aid for everyday work in the lab. Alongside all the classical organic reactions, this book focuses on the modern variations as well as novel, current reactions in organic synthesis that are closely linked to main group elements - both stoechiometric and catalytic. With this work the two prizewinning editors have succeeded in producing a comprehensive compendium of the main group metals as reagents for organic reactions. In short, this is a must for every organic chemist, whether as an efficient introduction to current research, for retaining an overview or for looking up detailed information.
Download or read book The 4 Element Synth written by Rob Papen and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 224 page book, which is accompanied by online media with over 10 hours of content, gives an in-depth insight into Rob’s approach of working with subtractive synthesis. In 2001, Rob Papen began giving exclusive masterclasses teaching 'synthesizer sound design" in his studio. For these training sessions, Rob developed his own method to explain the secrets of subtractive synthesis, called "The 4 Element Synth". This masterclass training is now transformed into a combined book and online media package that also delivers numerous 'tips and tricks' which will help you to design and tweak your own sounds. Throughout the masterclass, a variety of hardware and software synthesizers are explored. We are sure this synthesizer sound design training is an eye-opener for every synthesizer player, from novice to pro. A must have for everyone who takes his sounds seriously!
Download or read book Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha Emitters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 623 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes hazards from radon progeny and other alpha-emitters that humans may inhale or ingest from their environment. In their analysis, the authors summarize in one document clinical and epidemiological evidence, the results of animal studies, research on alpha-particle damage at the cellular level, metabolic pathways for internal alpha-emitters, dosimetry and microdosimetry of radionuclides deposited in specific tissues, and the chemical toxicity of some low-specific-activity alpha-emitters. Techniques for estimating the risks to humans posed by radon and other internally deposited alpha-emitters are offered, along with a discussion of formulas, models, methods, and the level of uncertainty inherent in the risk estimates.
Download or read book Synthesis of Lanthanide and Actinide Compounds written by G. Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Reactions for Astrophysics written by Ian J. Thompson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how the processes in stars which produce the chemical elements for planets and life may be reproduced in laboratories.
Download or read book Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals written by Roderick Bates and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metals open up new opportunities for synthesis, because their means of bonding and their reaction mechanisms differ from those of the elements of the s and p blocks. In the last two decades the subject has mushroomed - established reactions are seeing both technical improvements and increasing numbers of applications, and new reactions are being developed. The practicality of the subject is demonstrated by the large number of publications coming from the process development laboratories of pharmaceutical companies, and its importance is underlined by the fact that three Nobel prizes have been awarded for discoveries in this field in the 21st Century already. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition considers the ways in which transition metals, as catalysts and reagents, can be used in organic synthesis, both for pharmaceutical compounds and for natural products. It concentrates on the bond-forming reactions that set transition metal chemistry apart from "classical" organic chemistry. Each chapter is extensively referenced and provides a convenient point of entry to the research literature. Topics covered include: introduction to transition metals in organic synthesis coupling reactions C-H activation carbonylative coupling reactions alkene and alkyne insertion reactions electrophilic alkene and alkyne complexes reactions of alkyne complexes carbene complexes h3- or p-allyl -allyl complexes diene, dienyl and arene complexes cycloaddition and cycloisomerisation reactions For this second edition the text has been extensively revised and expanded to reflect the significant improvements and advances in the field since the first edition, as well as the large number of new transition metal-catalysed processes that have come to prominence in the last 10 years – for example the extraordinary progress in coupling reactions using “designer” ligands, catalysis using gold complexes, new opportunities arising from metathesis chemistry, and C-H activation – without neglecting the well established chemistry of metals such as palladium. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, 2nd Edition will find a place on the bookshelves of advanced undergraduates and postgraduates working in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. It is also useful for practising researchers who want to refresh and enhance their knowledge of the field.
Download or read book Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry written by Ruren Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-11 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Inorganic Synthetic Chemistry, Second Edition captures, in five distinct sections, the latest advancements in inorganic synthetic chemistry, providing materials chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists with a valuable reference source to help them advance their research efforts and achieve breakthroughs. Section one includes six chapters centering on synthetic chemistry under specific conditions, such as high-temperature, low-temperature and cryogenic, hydrothermal and solvothermal, high-pressure, photochemical and fusion conditions. Section two focuses on the synthesis and related chemistry problems of highly distinct categories of inorganic compounds, including superheavy elements, coordination compounds and coordination polymers, cluster compounds, organometallic compounds, inorganic polymers, and nonstoichiometric compounds. Section three elaborates on the synthetic chemistry of five important classes of inorganic functional materials, namely, ordered porous materials, carbon materials, advanced ceramic materials, host-guest materials, and hierarchically structured materials. Section four consists of four chapters where the synthesis of functional inorganic aggregates is discussed, giving special attention to the growth of single crystals, assembly of nanomaterials, and preparation of amorphous materials and membranes. The new edition’s biggest highlight is Section five where the frontier in inorganic synthetic chemistry is reviewed by focusing on biomimetic synthesis and rationally designed synthesis. Focuses on the chemistry of inorganic synthesis, assembly, and organization of wide-ranging inorganic systems Covers all major methodologies of inorganic synthesis Provides state-of-the-art synthetic methods Includes real examples in the organization of complex inorganic functional materials Contains more than 4000 references that are all highly reflective of the latest advancement in inorganic synthetic chemistry Presents a comprehensive coverage of the key issues involved in modern inorganic synthetic chemistry as written by experts in the field
Download or read book The Periodic Table written by Eric R. Scerri and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The periodic table of elements is among the most recognizable image in science. It lies at the core of chemistry and embodies the most fundamental principles of science. In this new edition, Eric Scerri offers readers a complete and updated history and philosophy of the periodic table. Written in a lively style to appeal to experts and interested lay-persons alike, The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance begins with an overview of the importance of the periodic table and the manner in which the term 'element' has been interpreted by chemists and philosophers across time. The book traces the evolution and development of the periodic table from its early beginnings with the work of the precursors like De Chancourtois, Newlands and Meyer to Mendeleev's 1869 first published table and beyond. Several chapters are devoted to developments in 20th century physics, especially quantum mechanics and the extent to which they explain the periodic table in a more fundamental way. Other chapters examine the formation of the elements, nuclear structure, the discovery of the last seven infra-uranium elements, and the synthesis of trans-uranium elements. Finally, the book considers the many different ways of representing the periodic system and the quest for an optimal arrangement."--EBSCO.
