Download or read book The Syntax of the Modal Auxiliaries in Old English written by Amoena Brigitte Norcross and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Emerging English Modals written by Manfred G. Krug and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is essentially based on grammaticalization theory – a branch of linguistics which has gained prominence since the 1980s. It focuses on the interaction between diachrony and synchrony, langue and parole or, for that matter, competence and performance, I–language and Ε–language. It does not see these levels as distinct linguistic domains, as much structurally oriented work does. It is important for the present purposes that such an interactionist view entails that performance effects may over time cause new grammatical code relations. Hence the importance of statistical empirical research, which led the author to adopt a predominantly corpus-based approach.
Download or read book Modal Auxiliaries from Late Old to Early Middle English written by Kousuke Kaita and published by Herbert Utz Verlag. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do Modern English modal auxiliaries ought to, should, and must, meaning OBLIGATION, occur in the present tense, yet their forms are in the preterite? Why does to accompany ought? One of the solutions to these questions is to look at the history of the English language. This monograph deals with the history of ought to, should, and must, which are of different syntactic and semantic origins: ought to stems from a main verb of Old English āgan ‘to have’ (POSSESSION) along with to; should derives from sculan ‘must’ with its ‘deviation’ to shall, and mōtan originates in ‘to be allowed to’ (PERMISSION). The work concentrates on the transition from Old English (700-1100) to Middle English (1100-1500), which is a crucial period in the history of the English language. Topics addressed include the linguistic review of modality, the philological reading of primary texts, and the occasional reference to the other Germanic languages.
Download or read book Modality in Syntax Semantics and Pragmatics written by Werner Abraham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do we mean when we say things like 'If only we knew what he was up to!' Clearly this is more than just a message, or a question to our addressee. We are expressing simultaneously that we don't know, and also that we wish to know. Several modes of encoding contribute to such modalities of expression: word order, subordinating subjunctions, sentences that are subordinated but nevertheless occur autonomously, and attitudinal discourse adverbs which, far beyond lexical adverbials of modality, allow the speaker and the listener to presuppose full agreement, partial agreement under presupposed conditions, or negotiation of common ground. This state of the art survey proposes a new model of modality, drawing on data from a variety of Germanic and Slavic languages to find out what is cross-linguistically universal about modality, and to argue that it is a constitutive part of human cognition.
Download or read book Historical Syntax in Cross Linguistic Perspective written by Alice C. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-09-21 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this major new work Alice Harris and Lyle Campbell set out to establish a general framework for the investigation of linguistic change. Systematic cross-linguistic comparison of syntactic change across a wide variety of languages is used to construct hypotheses about the universals and limits of language change more generally. In particular, the authors seek to move closer towards describing the range of causes of syntactic change to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of syntactic change, and to provide an understanding of why some languages undergo certain changes and not others. The authors draw on languages as diverse as Pipil and French, Georgian and Estonian, and the data presented is one of the book's great strengths. Rigor and precision are combined here with a great breadth of scholarship to produce a unique resource for the study of linguistic change, which will be of use to scholars and students alike.
Download or read book Historical Syntax of English written by Bettelou Los and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses a number of approaches to charting the major developments in the syntax of English, addressing key issues of interpretation and focus for the benefit of students of the topic.
Download or read book The syntax of early English written by Olga Fischer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to the development of English syntax between the Old and Modern periods. Beginning with an overview of the main features of early English syntax, it gives a unified account of the significant grammatical changes that occurred during this period. Four leading experts demonstrate how these changes can be explained in terms of grammatical theory and the theory of language acquisition. Drawing on a wealth of empirical data, the book covers a wide range of topics including changes in word order, infinitival constructions and grammaticalization processes.
Download or read book The Development of the English Modals written by Katharina Reese and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,7, Free University of Berlin (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: History and Variation of English II, language: English, abstract: The question about the grammaticalization process of the modal auxiliary verbs from Old English to Modern English is a highly discussed topic among linguistics and scholars today. It is undisputed that, in the English that is spoken today, words like 'should', 'could' etc. form a separate category, or rather a subcategory, 'modal' that does not only syntactically differ from the usual English verbs, but also morphologically. That is, of course with the exception of a few regional variations such as for example Scots, but since the main focus of this paper is on the standard British and American English dialects, those regional non-standard dialects will not be taken into consideration here. For every native and average non-native speaker, it is natural that modals like 'will' for example don't take the obligatory inflectional ending -s in third person singular present. Or that 'should', 'would' or 'could' do not have past tense meaning, although the forms itself are actually a past form. And it is also natural that just those verbs, which we subcategorize as modals, will neither appear as infinitives with 'to' (*'I have to will'), nor do they require 'to' in combination with regular verbs (*'I should to go'). Today we instinctively know that those usual grammatical rules that regular verbs require to be followed in order to correctly be embedded in a sentence, don't apply to the modals. How did we get to this point, though? In the following paper I want to take a closer look at how the modals developed from regularly inflectional verbs, that they still were in Old English, to this new category 'modal' which is no longer a full verb that can stand alone in a sentence, but more of a grammatical function that signals either epistemic or deontic meaning.
Download or read book Old English Modal Verbs written by Hiroshi Ogawa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Syntax and Linguistic Theory written by Paola Crisma and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text of new work by leading international scholars considers developments in the study of historical linguistics and grammatical theory. It then tests their value and applicability by examining diachronic transmission of syntax at different times and in a wide range of languages
Download or read book Modality in Syntax Semantics and Pragmatics written by Werner Abraham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An innovative survey that covers the linguistic questions of modality and mood, offering a new model for the phenomenon.
Download or read book Introduction to Old English written by Richard Hogg and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An student's introduction to the first centuries in the history of the English language.
Download or read book Modal Verbs in Marlowe and Shakespeare written by Monika Skorasińska and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a historical insight into the use and meanings of modal verbs in the language of the Early Modern English period. It investigates how William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe employ these verbs in their tragedies and history plays dating back to the end of the 16th century. Comparative analyses add to the clarity of the book and fill a gap in the research on Marlovian language, which so far has been under-investigated in contrast to the language of William Shakespeare. The findings offered here shed light on the history of modal verbs and constitute a valuable contribution to contemporary Early Modern English studies. As such, the book represents an important resource for students, teachers, and researchers involved in the study of Early Modern English language and language change.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization written by Heiko Narrog and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art in research on grammaticalization, the process by which lexical items acquire grammatical function, grammatical items get additional functions, and grammars are created. Leading scholars from around the world introduce and discuss the core theoretical and methodological bases of grammaticalization, report on work in the field, and point to promising directions for new research. They represent every relevant theoretical perspective and approach. Research on grammaticalization and its role in linguistic change encompasses work on languages from every major linguistic family. Its results offer valuable insights for all theoretical frameworks, including generative, construction, and cognitive grammar, and relate to work in fields such as phonology, sociolinguistics, and language acquisition. The handbook is divided into five parts, of which the first two are devoted to theory and method, the third and fourth to work in linguistic domains, classes, and cateogories, and the fifth to case studies of grammaticalization in a range of languages. It will be an indispensable source of information and inspiration for all those who wish to know more about this fascinating and important field.
Download or read book The Modal Verbs of Old English written by Leland Andrew Lester and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pragmatics of Modals in Shakespeare written by Minako Nakayasu and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modals and related phenomena are without doubt one of the most complicated issues in the grammar of language. This study provides a reappraisal of the modals in Shakespeare's language from the pragmatic viewpoint, both micropragmatic and macropragmatic. The material selected for analysis are modals SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD, and their contracted forms. Micropragmatic aspects such as speech acts seem relatively easily accessible to historical researchers; however, this study moves further into the macropragmatic dimensions of language use than the earlier ones and covers politeness, dialogue, and discourse analysis.
Download or read book Early English Modals written by Sune Gregersen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
