Download or read book The Study of Nitrogen Transformation in Fresh Water written by Alexander V.. Leonov and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Transformation in a Freshwater Bog written by Joo Hooi Ong and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riverine Ecosystem Management written by Stefan Schmutz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-08 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book surveys the frontier of scientific river research and provides examples to guide management towards a sustainable future of riverine ecosystems. Principal structures and functions of the biogeosphere of rivers are explained; key threats are identified, and effective solutions for restoration and mitigation are provided. Rivers are among the most threatened ecosystems of the world. They increasingly suffer from pollution, water abstraction, river channelisation and damming. Fundamental knowledge of ecosystem structure and function is necessary to understand how human acitivities interfere with natural processes and which interventions are feasible to rectify this. Modern water legislation strives for sustainable water resource management and protection of important habitats and species. However, decision makers would benefit from more profound understanding of ecosystem degradation processes and of innovative methodologies and tools for efficient mitigation and restoration. The book provides best-practice examples of sustainable river management from on-site studies, European-wide analyses and case studies from other parts of the world. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of aquatic ecology, river system functioning, conservation and restoration, to postgraduate students, to institutions involved in water management, and to water related industries.
Download or read book Surface Water groundwater Exchange and Its Effect on Nitrogen Transformation in the Tidal Freshwater Zone written by Corey David Wallace and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrification is a significant source of nitrate to the variably-saturated zone, but new nitrate produced by nitrification within the shallow stream bank is removed via denitrification before discharge to the river. Nitrate is also removed from groundwater sources, but little nitrate is removed from surface water. Heterogeneity in permeability and organic matter influences the distribution of reactants and transport rates. Nitrification is more efficient along high permeability sand pathways, and denitrification is localized in silt lenses with slower flow and greater organic matter content. Together, these studies reveal that tidal rivers are a sink of nitrate to coastal waters, and management strategies for TFZs should aim to protect this ecosystem service.
Download or read book Nitrogen Dynamics in the Tidal Freshwater Potomac River Maryland and Virginia Water Years 1979 81 written by David J. Shultz and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquaponics Food Production Systems written by Simon Goddek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, written by world experts in aquaponics and related technologies, provides the authoritative and comprehensive overview of the key aquaculture and hydroponic and other integrated systems, socio-economic and environmental aspects. Aquaponic systems, which combine aquaculture and vegetable food production offer alternative technology solutions for a world that is increasingly under stress through population growth, urbanisation, water shortages, land and soil degradation, environmental pollution, world hunger and climate change.
Download or read book Nutrient Dynamics in Freshwater Fish Culture System written by C.B.T. Rajagopalsmy and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 2002-04 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality seed, feed and fertilizer are known to decree target fish yield in any type of aquaculture system. Among these vital factors, the right type and input schedule of fertilizers have gathered much scientific concern. Obviously, phosphorus the major limiting nutrient of freshwater culture system has been studied in detail by various workers. However, there is brevity of information on the colossal loss of money encountered by the fisheries sector engrossed in freshwater culture due to the transformation of phosphatic fertilizers into non-recyclable apatite phosphorus. This book provides the first hand information on the utilization of sodium tripolyphosphate in hard water fish culture system for relegating the formation of apatite. The merit of such investigations lie in the fact that the development of a proper phosphatic fertilization schedule for hard water will hold good for brackishwater fish pond also. The results of the present investigation affirm the fact that apatite occurs as the second major constituent of total sedimentary phosphorus. Though the chemical reactions leading to the formation of apatite in aquatic ecosystems remain as a riddle, many of the field trials fortify the operation of the phenomenon of apatite formation in aquaculture system. The present study focuses its prime attention over this crucial reality and advocates the benefits of utilizing sodium tripolyphosphate as a phosphatic fertilizer in aquaculture system. The authors are convinced that intensive field trails in this regard would pave way for the most aspired blue revolution. Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction, Chapter 2: Sample Collection and Methods; Field Experiments on the Dynamics of N and P, Experiment on Regeneration of Sedimentary Nutrients, Experiment on the Hydrolysis of Polyphosphate, Chapter 3: Salient Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the Experimental Ponds; Results, Water Temperature, Secchi Disc Regarding, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Hardness, Carbonate Alkalinity, Bicarbonate Alkalinity, Chlorphyll a , Net Productivity, Assimilation Number, Discussion, Chapter 4: Nitrogen Cycle, Chapter 5: Chemical Species of Nitrogen in Water and Sediment; Results, Ammonia-N, Nitrite-N, Nitrate-N, Exchangeable Ammonia-N (E-NH3-N), Exchangeable Nitrite-N (E-NO2-N), Exchangeable Nitrite-N (E-NO3-N), Sedimentary Organic Nitrogen (SON), Discussion, Chapter 6: Phosphorus Cycle, Chapter 7: Chemical Species of Phosphorus in Water and Sediment; Results, Soluble Inorganic Phosphorus (SIP), Soluble Organic Phosphorus (SOP), Particulate Phosphorus (PP), Polyphosphate-P (PyP), Neutral Hydrolysable Phosphorus (NH-P), Phosphorus Bound to Carbonate (CO3-P), Phosphorus Bound to Oxides of Iron and Manganese (O-Fe and Mn-P), Phosphorus Bound to Iron and Aluminium (Fe and Al-P), Apatite Phosphorus (A-P), Phosphorus Bound to Organic Matter (Po), Residual Phosphorus (R-P), Regeneration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Sediment, Hydrolysis of Polyphosphate, Nitrogen: Phosphorus Ration, Fish Production, Discussion, Chapter 8: Conclusion.
Download or read book Nitrogen Management and Ground Water Protection written by Ronald F Follett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supplying crops with adequate nitrogen is vital to ensuring food supplies. Once nitrogen is added to the soil, it is subject to chemical transformations of the nitrogen-cycle including transformation to nitrate. Excessive amounts of accumulated nitrate may then leach out of the soil and could potentially enter and contaminate drinking water supplies. The purpose of this book is to examine the subject of nitrogen management and ground water protection. The issue of maintaining ground water quality is addressed primarily from an agronomic point of view. Topics covered include: health and economic aspects of nitrate in drinking water; nitrate sources; ground water nitrate in the USA and other developed countries; transport, leaching and accounting for nitrogen; soil, nitrogen, crop and water management; and nitrate in aquifer systems. The book contains a keyword index and is organized into thirteen chapters, each with appropriate references, tables and figures. Chapter authors are among the leading experts on the subject of nitrate and ground water quality. Readers to whom the book is directed include soil scientists and agronomists, agricultural engineers (irrigation and drainage), environmental scientists, agricultural policy makers, and hydrologists.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Investigations of Terrestrial Freshwater and Wetland Ecosystems across the Globe written by R. Kelman Wieder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a collection of papers from BIOGEOMON, The Fourth International Symposium on Ecosystem Behavior. The contributions address a wider-than-ever range of concerns: aspects of catchment monitoring and modeling; nitrogen transformations and processes; stable and radiogenic isotopes; biogeochemistry of restored ecosystems; and the dynamics of such chemicals as mercury and phosphorous, among many other topics.
Download or read book Nitrogen Transformations and Fluxes in Fish Ponds written by Ricardo A. Jiménez-Montealegre and published by . This book was released on 2001* with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies of Nitrogen fixation in Natural Fresh Waters written by John James Goering and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Download or read book Nitrogen Workshop 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Environment Sources Problems and Management written by R.F. Follett and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.
Download or read book Nitrogen Sources and Transformations Along the Sacramento River written by Katy O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research suggests that both the amount and form of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate versus ammonium) in water affects the abundance, health and species of phytoplankton in the San Francisco Bay Delta (Delta), which subsequently impacts food stocks for pelagic organisms. The Sacramento River (Sac River) is the primary source of freshwater and a phytoplankton seed source for the Delta. Effluent releases from the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant currently contribute high concentrations of ammonium just downstream of Freeport Bridge, which have been purported to negatively impact phytoplankton. Forthcoming upgrades to Regional San's treatment train will include nitrification and denitrification, which will reduce inputs of ammonium (by approximately 90%) and total inorganic nitrogen (by approximately 70%) to the Sac River. Understanding the rate at which ammonium is converted to nitrate (nitrification) may help us unravel controls on inorganic nitrogen concentrations and form which impact phytoplankton health, both under current and future conditions. Data for this study were collected from two high-frequency (15-minute), in-situ monitoring stations; one at Freeport Bridge (FPT) located 0.16 km upstream of Regional San's effluent outflow, and a second at Walnut Grove (WGA) located 29 km downstream of Freeport. Both stations report river flow, river velocity and nitrate concentration along with standard water quality measurements. Effluent flow and effluent water quality data was provided by Regional San. These data allowed us to evaluate changes in nitrate concentration over time, estimate effluent derived ammonium concentrations, and determine net changes in nitrate (mg-N/L) as well as rates of change in nitrate (mg-N/L-d) as water travelled between FPT and WGA for the period of record to date (September 2013 to September 2014). Additionally, 25 wastewater discharge holds by Regional San occurred during the study, allowing for evaluation of changes in nitrate concentration in the absence of wastewater. Nitrate concentrations at FTP due to upstream flows were typically below 0.1 mg-N/L, except during storm events when they increased up to 1.1 mg-N/L. Comparison of FPT and WGA station data show that nitrate concentrations vary seasonally, but generally increase as water travels from FPT to WGA. Nitrate concentrations in Regional San's treated wastewater effluent were below the measured detection limit of 0.1 mg-N/L, while ammonium concentrations were typically 25-35 mg-N/L. Due to continuous changes in both river and effluent flow, wastewater contributions to total river flows are extremely variable over short time periods, ranging from 1-4% in a single day; this means that concentrations of wastewater derived ammonium are also highly variable downstream of Regional San's discharge point. This emphasizes the importance of knowing the travel time between FPT and WGA, so that water quality measured at WGA can be compared to the appropriate water quality that parcel of water had at FPT. During the period of study, travel time between FPT and WGA was as fast as 0.5 days during high flows and as long as 3 days during low flows. Comparison of nitrate concentrations between the monitoring stations at FPT and WGA, while taking travel time into account, demonstrated that there is typically an increase in water column nitrate as water travels this 18.4 mi stretch, particularly during the warmer summer months. Increases in nitrate were observed even in the absence of wastewater. This suggests that nitrate is entering the water column not only from nitrification of wastewater derived ammonium, but also from benthic sources. It seems likely that wastewater derived nitrogen inputs have accumulated in the benthos over time, and are being released back into the water column. Future changes to nitrogen loadings due to the new regulations may, over time, affect nitrogen storage in the system, leading to decreased nitrogen release from the benthos. We estimated water column nitrification rates by assuming the difference in nitrate measured in the presence of wastewater versus the absence of wastewater is due to nitrification of wastewater derived ammonium. Rates varied seasonally, and were estimated to be 0.026 ± 0.011 mg-N/L-d in the winter and 0.045 ± 0.012 mg-N/L-d in the summer. These values are within the range of previously published nitrification rates. Factors that clearly affect nitrification rates along this river reach include: temperature, abundance of nitrifying bacteria, and availability of ammonium. Residence time can also be important, particularly when populations of nitrifying bacteria increase over time. Extrapolating these nitrification rates, we estimated it can take from 26-92 days for nitrification to draw down ammonium added to the river from Regional San's wastewater effluent to concentrations considered non-inhibitory to phytoplankton uptake of nitrate. Understanding the pathways and sources of nitrogen and their links to ecosystem health along the Sac River can aid in determining the impact of the Sac River on nitrogen cycling in the greater Delta. The question of whether the Delta will be impacted -- either positively or negatively -- by anticipated reductions of nitrogen inputs from Regional San's treatment plant upgrades remains to be seen.
Download or read book Enriching the Earth written by Vaclav Smil and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-02-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Smil is the world's authority on nitrogenous fertilizer. The industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen has been of greater fundamental importance to the modern world than the invention of the airplane, nuclear energy, space flight, or television. The expansion of the world's population from 1.6 billion people in 1900 to today's six billion would not have been possible without the synthesis of ammonia. In Enriching the Earth, Vaclav Smil begins with a discussion of nitrogen's unique status in the biosphere, its role in crop production, and traditional means of supplying the nutrient. He then looks at various attempts to expand natural nitrogen flows through mineral and synthetic fertilizers. The core of the book is a detailed narrative of the discovery of ammonia synthesis by Fritz Haber—a discovery scientists had sought for over one hundred years—and its commercialization by Carl Bosch and the chemical company BASF. Smil also examines the emergence of the large-scale nitrogen fertilizer industry and analyzes the extent of global dependence on the Haber-Bosch process and its biospheric consequences. Finally, it looks at the role of nitrogen in civilization and, in a sad coda, describes the lives of Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch after the discovery of ammonia synthesis.
