Download or read book The Study of Epigenetic Mechanisms of Metastatic Gene Regulation Using a Reversible Cancer Model written by Alicia Maria Cock-Rada and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of Metastatic Gene Regulation written by Alicia María Cock-Rada and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis is the main cause of mortality due to cancer; therefore, it is crucial to improve our understanding of the regulation of genes controlling the metastatic process in order to develop more effective therapies. Metastasis formation is a multi-step process resulting from genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory molecules. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are attractive therapeutic targets as they are potentially reversible. This work focuses on the epigenetic regulation of two metastasis genes, MMP-9 and TIMP-2, in a reversible bovine cancer model induced by Theileria parasites, which allows us to study on-off switches controlling cellular invasion. I found a novel epigenetic regulator of MMP-9, the histone-modifier SMYD3, which also revealed crucial roles in the metastatic properties of human cancer cells. I showed that TIMP-2 is mainly regulated by DNA methylation in Theileria-infected cells, even though other layers of epigenetic control are present on this promoter. This work sheds light on the understanding of epigenetic events controlling metastasis genes, which should be useful for professionals and students interested in cancer genetics.
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation written by Vincenzo E. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation written by Suming Huang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Gene Expression and Regulation reviews current knowledge on the heritable molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, contribute to disease susceptibility, and point to potential treatment in future therapies. The book shows how these heritable mechanisms allow individual cells to establish stable and unique patterns of gene expression that can be passed through cell divisions without DNA mutations, thereby establishing how different heritable patterns of gene regulation control cell differentiation and organogenesis, resulting in a distinct human organism with a variety of differing cellular functions and tissues. The work begins with basic biology, encompasses methods, cellular and tissue organization, topical issues in epigenetic evolution and environmental epigenesis, and lastly clinical disease discovery and treatment. Each highly illustrated chapter is organized to briefly summarize current research, provide appropriate pedagogical guidance, pertinent methods, relevant model organisms, and clinical examples. Reviews current knowledge on the heritable molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression, contribute to disease susceptibility, and point to potential treatment in future therapies Helps readers understand how epigenetic marks are targeted, and to what extent transgenerational epigenetic changes are instilled and possibly passed onto offspring Chapters are replete with clinical examples to empower the basic biology with translational significance Offers more than 100 illustrations to distill key concepts and decipher complex science
Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacologic Reversal of Genetic and Epigenetic Components of Tumor Suppressor Gene Silencing in Human Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In women, tumors of the breast remain the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. One of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis is the abnormal silencing of tumor supprsssor genes by both genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to defects in cell-cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis and cell adhesion. This dissertation focuses on the elucidation of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with tumor suppressor gene silencing in human epithelial breast tumor cells, and the development of pharmacologic strategies aimed at reversing these types of repression through gene therapy and chromatin remodeling. Desmocollin 3 (DSC3) and MASPIN are anti-metastatic tumor suppressor genes that are silenced in a large percentage of breast tumors via aberrant DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of their promoters. DSC3 and MASPIN are also p53-target genes, requiring its transcriptional activation to promote normal expression levels, yet a significant fraction of breast tumor cell lines express mutant forms of p53. Adenoviral-mediated re-introduction of wild type (wt) p53 into mutant p53-expressing breast tumor cells resulted in significant up-regulation of DSC3 and MASPIN expression, although not to the levels seen in normal breast epithelial cells. Mechanistically, the addition of wt p53 to these tumor cells resulted in increased histone acetylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility of the DSC3 and MASPIN promoters, despite continued cytosine hypermethylation. Pre-treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) prior to wt p53 addition produced synergistic reactivation of both DSC3 and MASPIN in breast cancer cells, approaching their levelsin normal mammary cells. However, 5-aza-CdR did not significantly reduce DNA methylation in many cases as originally theorized. Therefore, follow-up studies focused on the identification of alternative, novel mechanisms of 5-aza-CdR-mediated induction of epigenetically silenced genes, finding that it consistently reduced transcriptionally repressive histone H3 lysine 9 (K9) methylation levels in the promoter regions of both DSC3 and MASPIN in breast tumor cells, by mediating global decreases in the histone H3 K9 methyltransferase, G9A. In summary, these results clearly show that cancer treatments targeting both genetic and epigenetic facets of gene regulation may be a useful strategy towards the therapeutic transcriptional reprogramming of cancer cells.
Download or read book Epigenetic Regulation of a Gene MS 1 in Cells of Different Metastatic Potential written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and a major cause of cancer-related death among Canadian women. Although treatment of primary breast tumours is highly successful through surgery, metastatic breast cancer is difficult to treat. Cancer progression and metastasis require the accumulation of numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations. Normal cells that acquire such alterations can transform into cancer cells, resulting in primary tumour formation. Primary tumours are a heterogeneous population, containing cells of various metastatic potentials. Cells that acquire a high potential for metastasis can spread to secondary locations. Our model system consists of two subpopulations, with different metastatic potential, derived from the same rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Using this model, a differentially expressed novel gene, termed MS-1, was discovered. Due to significant expression of this gene in the poorly metastatic subpopulation and lack of expression in the highly metastatic subpopulation, MS-1 may have involvement in metastasis suppression. Several breast cancer metastasis suppressor genes have been identified on the basis that they are down-regulated during the progression of metastasis. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, account for loss of expression in several of these genes. Hypermethylation of CpG islands within gene promoters results in deacetylation of histone proteins and produces a compact chromatin structure that is unfavourable for transcription. A CpG island spans the 5 untranslated region, exon 1 and part of intron 1 of the MS-1 gene. Our data reveals aberrant methylation patterns of this CpG island in our model. Also, MS-1 expression appears to be partially induced by both DNA methylation and histone deacetylation inhibitors. Following a screen of several cancer cell lines of various metastatic potential, it appears that the presence of DNA methylation in the CpG island of MS-1 correlates with the lack of MS-1 expression. Therefo.
Download or read book Epigenetics in Human Disease written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is one of the fastest growing fields of sciences, illuminating studies of human diseases by looking beyond genetic make-up and acknowledging that outside factors play a role in gene expression. The goal of this volume is to highlight those diseases or conditions for which we have advanced knowledge of epigenetic factors such as cancer, autoimmune disorders and aging as well as those that are yielding exciting breakthroughs in epigenetics such as diabetes, neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular disease. Where applicable, attempts are made to not only detail the role of epigenetics in the etiology, progression, diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases, but also novel epigenetic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. Chapters are also presented on human imprinting disorders, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological and reproductive diseases. Since epigenetics plays a major role in the aging process, advances in the epigenetics of aging are highly relevant to many age-related human diseases. Therefore, this volume closes with chapters on aging epigenetics and breakthroughs that have been made to delay the aging process through epigenetic approaches. With its translational focus, this book will serve as valuable reference for both basic scientists and clinicians alike. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental and emergent science and clinical usage Side-by-side coverage of the basis of epigenetic diseases and their treatments Evaluation of recent epigenetic clinical breakthroughs
Download or read book Epigenetics Methods written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the field of epigenetics has grown significantly, driving new understanding of human developmental processes and disease expression, as well as advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. As the field of epigenetics continues to grow, methods and technologies have multiplied, resulting in a wide range of approaches and tools researchers might employ. Epigenetics Methods offers comprehensive instruction in methods, protocols, and experimental approaches applied in field of epigenetics. Here, across thirty-five chapters, specialists offer step-by-step overviews of methods used to study various epigenetic mechanisms, as employed in basic and translational research. Leading the reader from fundamental to more advanced methods, the book begins with thorough instruction in DNA methylation techniques and gene or locus-specific methylation analyses, followed by histone modification methods, chromatin evaluation, enzyme analyses of histone methylation, and studies of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic modulators. Recently developed techniques and technologies discussed include single-cell epigenomics, epigenetic editing, computational epigenetics, systems biology epigenetic methods, and forensic epigenetic approaches. Epigenetics methods currently in-development, and their implication for future research, are also considered in-depth. In addition, as with the wider life sciences, reproducibility across experiments, labs, and subdisciplines is a growing issue for epigenetics researchers. This volume provides consensus-driven methods instruction and overviews. Tollefsbol and contributing authors survey the range of existing methods; identify best practices, common themes, and challenges; and bring unity of approach to a diverse and ever-evolving field. Includes contributions by leading international investigators involved in epigenetic research and clinical and therapeutic application Integrates technology and translation with fundamental chapters on epigenetics methods, as well as chapters on more novel and advanced epigenetics methods Written at verbal and technical levels that can be understood by scientists and students alike Includes chapters on state-of-the-art techniques such as single-cell epigenomics, use of CRISPR/Cas9 for epigenetic editing, and epigenetics methods applied to forensics
Download or read book MicroRNAs in Cancer written by Cesar Lopez-Camarillo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-02-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MicroRNA (miRNA) biology is a cutting-edge topic in basic as well as biomedical research. This is a specialized book focusing on the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the development, progression, invasion, and metastasis of diverse types of cancer. It also reviews their potential for applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and th
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Therapy and Resistance written by Sanchita Bhatnagar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-12-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal mammalian development and maintenance of gene expression patterns. Disruption of epigenetic processes can lead to altered transcriptional regulation, gene levels, and malignant cellular transformation. Global alterations of the epigenetic landscape are a hallmark of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Conventionally, cancer was thought to be a genetic disease, but recent advancement in the field identified an abundance of epigenetic abnormalities along with genetic alterations. The extensive reprogramming of epigenetic machinery in cancer includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNA expression. Additionally, the reversible nature of epigenetic aberrations has led to the emergence of the promising field of epigenetic therapy, and recent FDA approval of epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment. This book focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancertherapy and resistance. It is organized into three sections, including epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer, targeting epigenetic mechanisms for new therapies, and new and emerging methodologies to study epigenetic alterations in breast cancer. Chapters highlight various epigenetic regulations that prevent breast cancer growth and progression, as well as epigenetic alterations that contribute to breast cancer progression. This text is a useful methodology book for researchers and students interested in epigenetics in breast cancer and the fundamentals of cancer biology.
Download or read book Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer written by Michael Lübbert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing knowledge about disturbances of epigenetic gene regulation in hematopoietic stem cell disorders is now being translated into treatment approaches that target the epigenetic defects pharmacologically. This book first presents the latest evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and hemoglobin production. The significance of DNA methylation abnormalities in hematopoietic disorders and of epigenetic disturbances in lung cancer and other solid tumors is then discussed. A major part of the book, however, relates specifically to the translation of basic research and drug development to clinical applications, and in this context both present and future clinical strategies are considered. Individual chapters are devoted to the use of DNA hypomethylating agents and chromatin-modifying agents, and the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by means of epigenetic agents is discussed in detail.
Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition Diet and Epigenetics written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multivolume reference work addresses the fact that the well being of humankind is predicated not only on individuals receiving adequate nutrition but also on their genetic makeup. The work includes more than 100 chapters organized in the following major sections: Introduction and Overview; Epigenetics of Organs and Diseases in Relation to Diet and Nutrition; Detailed Processes in Epigenetics of Diet and Nutrition; Modulating Epigenetics with Diet and Nutrition; and Practical Techniques. While it is well known that genes may encode proteins responsible for structural and dynamic components, there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that nutrition itself may alter the way in which genes are expressed via the process of epigenetics. This is where chemically imposed alteration in the DNA sequence occurs or where the functional expression of DNA is modulated. This may include changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, chromatin, histone acetylation or methylation, and genomic imprinting. Knowledge regarding the number of dietary components that impact on epigenetic processes is increasing almost daily. Marshalling all the information on the complex relationships between diet, nutrition, and epigenetic processes is somewhat difficult due to the wide myriad of material. It is for this reason that the present work has been compiled.
Download or read book Discovery of Novel Epigenetic Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis by Genome wide Profiling of Non coding Regulatory Elements written by Batool Akhtar-Zaidi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic mechanisms are of paramount importance in cancer. Historically, epigenetic studies of cancer have focused on aberrant DNA methylation events. Far less is known about the role of histone modifications in epigenetic mechanisms of human cancers, and of disease in general. There are a number of reasons why histone modifications are especially important to investigate in the context of tumor formation. While DNA methylation contributes to stable gene silencing and formation of heterochromatin, histone modifications are associated with much more dynamic gene expression patterns. Importantly, histone modifications are also informative of the activity states of distal regulatory elements. Therefore we can use these epigenetic marks to study important regions of the cancer genome that are key regulators of transcription with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. In this work, in-depth studies of epigenetic features of both promoters and distal enhancer elements are described, in each case enabled by distinct histone modifications that are chromatin "signatures" of promoter and enhancer elements, respectively. We show that in colon cancer, the presence of the H3K4me3 active mark is associated with resistance to silencing associated with DNA methylation. We further show evidence that in colon cancer, DNA hypermethylation is likely a relatively rare event at CpG-islands, and that most CpG-islands are probably silenced by alternative mechanisms, specifically the acquisition of repressive histone marks. With respect to distal regulatory elements, enhancer elements are especially attractive candidates to study in cancer, a disease of widespread and heterogeneous aberrant transcription, because they are under normal circumstances drivers of cellular identity and associated global gene expression programs. We report the discovery of thousands of Variant Enhancer Loci, or VELs, which have gained or lost H3K4me1 at enhancer elements in colon cancer samples. We show that VELs are tightly linked to the in vivo colon cancer transcriptome, and furthermore are enriched at colon cancer susceptibility SNPs. We propose that the model describing gene dysregulation in cancer be revised to now include epigenetic dysregulation at enhancer elements as an important mechanism in cancer-specific gene expression.
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Download or read book Gene Regulation Epigenetics and Hormone Signaling written by Subhrangsu S. Mandal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this reference gives a comprehensive but concise introduction to epigenetics before covering the many interactions between hormone regulation and epigenetics at all levels. The contents are very well structured with no overlaps between chapters, and each one features supplementary material for use in presentations. Throughout, major emphasis is placed on pathological conditions, aiming at the many physiologists and developmental biologists who are familiar with the importance and mechanisms of hormone regulation but have a limited background in epigenetics.
Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.
