Download or read book The Student Study Team and Its Effect on Racial Disparity in Special Education written by Erin Bullard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the passage of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) in 1975, special education has helped students with disabilities receive individualized goals and services in their least restrictive environment. Systemic racism negatively impacts students because it inappropriately labels them with a disability and restricts them from various educational opportunities. When looking at why this occurs, most of the research focuses on the biases and cultural mismatch between school personnel and the students they serve. There is a lack of research on the systematic process that leads to a special education referral and how they could produce disproportionate results for students of color. One of these processes is the Student Study Team (SST), where the student, their family, teachers, counselor, and administrator gather to put in place interventions to help the student achieve academic success. This is usually the step taken before testing for a disability occurs. The researcher focused their study around the following question: In what ways do school-wide policies and procedures impact Student Study Team practices and cause potential disparities in special education referral within a school site? The reason for conducting this study is to address a gap in previous research. Prior research focused on the impact that teacher bias and cultural mismatch had on disproportionate representation in special education. There is not a vast amount of research on the impact of systemic processes (like SST) on the disparity in special education. The researcher conducted a qualitative case study of a single school site's SST process. They conducted interviews with the SST members and analyzed their responses as well as documents used in the process through the lens of cultural proficiency. The researcher found the following results through their analysis: a lack of training on the process, using SST primarily for behavior management, not keeping data on the demographics of students referred to SST, and not having a universal tool to measure the effectiveness of interventions. This could cause potential disparities because the students' culture is not being effectively addressed by the team. Additionally, there are no universal procedures in place that are developed with cultural differences in mind. If the SST interventions are unsuccessful, then the team could potentially move to test for an IEP. Therefore, if there is a disproportionate representation of students in the SST process, there will be a disproportionate representation of students in special education referrals. Based on the findings of this research, schools should analyze their SST process for potential practices that could cause disparate results. This is important because it will help schools identify and reform processes that are not responsive to students coming from cultures that differ from the majority. When schools have processes and procedures that are intended to help students struggling, but do not acknowledge the culture of the student and utilize it when making decisions, they could potentially mislabel students from different cultures as disabled. Therefore, schools must analyze their processes (like SST) for practices that could cause disproportionate results. The conclusions drawn from this study are that a lack of universal procedures and a lack of acknowledgment of the student's culture in the SST process could lead to disproportionate results in special education referrals. The majority of research on disproportionate representation in special education focuses mostly on cultural mismatch and teacher bias, there is little research regarding the systemic processes that lead to special education. Conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that schools should analyze their SST process through a lens of cultural proficiency for factors that could potentially contribute to disproportionate representation such as a lack of training on the process, using SST primarily for behavior management, not keeping data on the demographics of students referred to SST, and not having a universal tool to measure the effectiveness of interventions. This study adds to the existing research by providing a case study on how a systemic process could potentially contribute to disproportionate representation in special education.
Download or read book Racial Inequity in Special Education written by Daniel J. Losen and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commissioned by The Civil Rights Project at Harvard, this text examines racial inequity in special education, with an emphasis on the experiences of African American children. Eleven contributions from educators and researchers discuss issues such as the overrepresentation of minority children in special education, racial disparities in funding, and the implications of the Corey H. lawsuit to desegregate students with disabilities in Chicago. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Handbook of Special Education written by James M. Kauffman and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the Handbook of Special Education is to help profile and bring greater clarity to the already sprawling and continuously expanding field of special education. To ensure consistency across the volume, chapter authors review and integrate existing research, identify strengths and weaknesses, note gaps in the literature, and discuss implications for practice and future research. The second edition has been fully updated throughout to take into account recent changes to federal laws as well as the most current academic research, and an entirely new section has been added on research methods in special education.
Download or read book DisCrit Disability Studies and Critical Race Theory in Education written by David J. Connor and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking volume brings together major figures in Disability Studies in Education (DSE) and Critical Race Theory (CRT) to explore some of today’s most important issues in education. Scholars examine the achievement/opportunity gaps from both historical and contemporary perspectives, as well as the overrepresentation of minority students in special education and the school-to-prison pipeline. Chapters also address school reform and the impact on students based on race, class, and dis/ability and the capacity of law and policy to include (and exclude). Readers will discover how some students are included (and excluded) within schools and society, why some citizens are afforded expanded (or limited) opportunities in life, and who moves up in the world and who is trapped at the “bottom of the well.” Contributors: D.L. Adams, Susan Baglieri, Stephen J. Ball, Alicia Broderick, Kathleen M. Collins, Nirmala Erevelles, Edward Fergus, Zanita E. Fenton, David Gillborn, Kris Guitiérrez, Kathleen A. King Thorius, Elizabeth Kozleski, Zeus Leonardo, Claustina Mahon-Reynolds, Elizabeth Mendoza, Christina Paguyo, Laurence Parker, Nicola Rollock, Paolo Tan, Sally Tomlinson, and Carol Vincent “With a stunning set of authors, this book provokes outrage and possibility at the rich intersection of critical race, class, and disability studies, refracting back on educational policy and practices, inequities and exclusions but marking also spaces for solidarities. This volume is a must-read for preservice, and long-term educators, as the fault lines of race, (dis)ability, and class meet in the belly of educational reform movements and educational justice struggles.” —Michelle Fine, distinguished professor of Critical Psychology and Urban Education, The Graduate Center, CUNY “Offers those who sincerely seek to better understand the complexity of the intersection of race/ethnicity, dis/ability, social class, and gender a stimulating read that sheds new light on the root of some of our long-standing societal and educational inequities.” —Wanda J. Blanchett, distinguished professor and dean, Rutgers University, Graduate School of Education
Download or read book Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education written by Beth Harry and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this powerful book examines the disproportionate placement of Black and Hispanic students in special education. The authors present compelling, research-based stories representing the range of experiences faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students who fall in the liminal shadow of perceived disability. They examine the children's experiences, their families' interactions with school personnel, the teachers' and schools' estimation of the children and their families, and the school climate that influences decisions about referrals to special education. Based on the authors' 4 years of ethnographic research in a large, culturally diverse school district, the book concludes with recommendations for improving educational practice, teacher training, and policy renewal.
Download or read book Examining the Effectiveness of Student Study Teams in Applied Settings written by Tricia N. Crosby-Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ENDING DISCRIMINATION IN SPECIAL EDUCATION written by Herbert Grossman and published by Charles C Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition, the author goes into more detail about the solutions to the problems identified in the book. The author, a clinical psychologist and special educator, points out the enormous disparities between the school experiences and educational outcomes for poor, non-European American, immigrant, rural, and limited-English proficient students with disabilities and their European American middle- and upper class peers. He also discusses the impacts of race and class prejudice and teacher expectations on the educational outcomes of students from impoverished and minority backgrounds via international comparisons and several case studies that illustrate the manner in which educational placement and support systems affect student outcomes. Grossman challenges all special educators to take the bold steps necessary to end the inequities experienced by low income and minority students in special education. The author makes three strong contentions. The first is that some students who do not need special education are inappropriately placed, whereas others may be overlooked. Second, he asserts that special education strategies are not equally effective across socioeconomic status, English language proficiency, and ethnicity. Finally, he calls into question many of the professional practices of teachers, psychologists, administrators, and professors who serve exceptional populations. The author provides many personal accounts of events and experiences that capture the essence of what he speaks of in this book. The content of this book is information to which all educators working with ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse children should have access. It is informative and presented in a no-nonsense fashion. The reader learns a great deal about practices that do indeed impede the academic achievement and school success of students with special needs from minority and traditionally underrepresented groups. The text can be used as supplemental reading in pre-service courses for general or special education. It is easy to read and cites many examples to reduce any possibility of misinterpretation. Teacher educators will find it especially useful as a tool to generate discussion on the difficult and threatening topics and issues associated with discrimination in public education as a whole and special education in particular. It will be of interest to special educators and administrators at all levels.
Download or read book Educating One and All written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-06-27 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the movement toward standards-based education, an important question stands out: How will this reform affect the 10% of school-aged children who have disabilities and thus qualify for special education? In Educating One and All, an expert committee addresses how to reconcile common learning for all students with individualized education for "one"â€"the unique student. The book makes recommendations to states and communities that have adopted standards-based reform and that seek policies and practices to make reform consistent with the requirements of special education. The committee explores the ideas, implementation issues, and legislative initiatives behind the tradition of special education for people with disabilities. It investigates the policy and practice implications of the current reform movement toward high educational standards for all students. Educating One and All examines the curricula and expected outcomes of standards-based education and the educational experience of students with disabilitiesâ€"and identifies points of alignment between the two areas. The volume documents the diverse population of students with disabilities and their school experiences. Because approaches to assessment and accountability are key to standards-based reforms, the committee analyzes how assessment systems currently address students with disabilities, including testing accommodations. The book addresses legal and resource implications, as well as parental participation in children's education.
Download or read book Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-30 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special education and gifted and talented programs were designed for children whose educational needs are not well met in regular classrooms. From their inceptions, these programs have had disproportionate representation of racial and ethnic minority students. What causes this disproportion? Is it a problem? Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education considers possible contributors to that disparity, including early biological and environmental influences and inequities in opportunities for preschool and K-12 education, as well as the possibilities of bias in the referral and assessment system that leads to placement in special programs. It examines the data on early childhood experience, on differences in educational opportunity, and on referral and placement. The book also considers whether disproportionate representation should be considered a problem. Do special education programs provide valuable educational services, or do they set students off on a path of lower educational expectations? Would students not now placed in gifted and talented programs benefit from raised expectations, more rigorous classes, and the gifted label, or would they suffer failure in classes for which they are unprepared? By examining this important problem in U.S. education and making recommendations for early intervention and general education, as well as for changes in referral and assessment processes, Minority Students in Special and Gifted Education will be an indispensable resource to educators throughout the nation, as well as to policy makers at all levels, from schools and school districts to the state and federal governments.
Download or read book Black Lives Matter at School written by Denisha Jones and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This inspiring collection of accounts from educators and students is “an essential resource for all those seeking to build an antiracist school system” (Ibram X. Kendi). Since 2016, the Black Lives Matter at School movement has carved a new path for racial justice in education. A growing coalition of educators, students, parents and others have established an annual week of action during the first week of February. This anthology shares vital lessons that have been learned through this important work. In this volume, Bettina Love makes a powerful case for abolitionist teaching, Brian Jones looks at the historical context of the ongoing struggle for racial justice in education, and prominent teacher union leaders discuss the importance of anti-racism in their unions. Black Lives Matter at School includes essays, interviews, poems, resolutions, and more from participants across the country who have been building the movement on the ground.
Download or read book Discipline Disparities Among Students With Disabilities written by Pamela A. Fenning and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The decades-long problem of disproportionate school discipline and school-based arrests of students with disabilities, particularly those who also identify as Black or Native American, is explored in this authoritative book. A team of interdisciplinary scholars, attorneys, and education practitioners focus on how disparities based on disability intersect with race and ethnicity, why such disparities occur, and the impacts these disparities have over time. A DisCrit and research-based perspective frames key issues at the beginning of the book, and the chapters that follow suggest promising practices and approaches to reduce the inequitable use of school discipline and increase the use of evidence-supported alternatives to prevent and respond to behaviors of students with disabilities. The final chapter recommends future research, policy, legal, and practice goals, suggesting an agenda for moving the field forward in years to come. Contributors: Amy Briesch, Sandra Chafouleas, Donald Chee, Lindsay Fallon, Pamela Fenning, Amy Fisher, Benjamin Fisher, Emma Healy, Heather Hoechst, Miranda Johnson, Kathleen Lynne Lane, Patrice Leverett, Laura Marques, Thomas Mayes, Markeda Newell, Angelina Nortey, Wendy Oakes, Kristen Pearson, Michelle Rappaport, Monica Stevens, Carly Tindall-Biggins, Margarida Veiga, Elizabeth Marcell Williams, Perry Zirkel
Download or read book Distinguishing Disability written by Colin Ong-Dean and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-08-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students in special education programs can have widely divergent experiences. For some, special education amounts to a dumping ground where schools unload their problem students, while for others, it provides access to services and accommodations that drastically improve chances of succeeding in school and beyond. Distinguishing Disability argues that this inequity in treatment is directly linked to the disparity in resources possessed by the students’ parents. Since the mid-1970s, federal law has empowered parents of public school children to intervene in virtually every aspect of the decision making involved in special education. However, Colin Ong-Dean reveals that this power is generally available only to those parents with the money, educational background, and confidence needed to make effective claims about their children’s disabilities and related needs. Ong-Dean documents this class divide by examining a wealth of evidence, including historic rates of learning disability diagnosis, court decisions, and advice literature for parents of disabled children. In an era of expanding special education enrollment, Distinguishing Disability is a timely analysis of the way this expansion has created new kinds of inequality.
Download or read book Critical Race Studies in Physical Education written by Tara B. Blackshear and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism is a sickness that permeates every aspect of Black life. But if the events of the past few years have taught us anything, it is that America has a hard time talking about issues that create disparity and inequality for Black people. This inequality extends not just into education but also into physical education. Blacks are stereotyped as physically superior and intellectually deficient. They are marginalized in PE just as they are in other aspects of their lives. Through a series of case studies, Critical Race Studies in Physical Education offers deep insights into the issues that Black students face. The text, geared to undergraduate and graduate PETE students and in-service teachers, does the following: Provides culturally aware teaching strategies that affirm the worth of Black students Amplifies the crucial issues that negatively affect Black students Addresses the litany of intentional and covert racist practices directed toward Black youth, thus broadening the book’s value beyond the sharing of teaching strategies The end goal is to elevate the perspectives of Black youths and teachers and to normalize positive experiences for Black students in physical education. To do so, Critical Race Studies in Physical Education provides the following: Eight case studies of situations that expose racism, disparities, and other issues affecting Black students’ well-being, self-worth, and healthy experiences in PE Critical race study discourse that stimulates discussion of relevant issues and enhances learning Reflective activities, resources, lesson considerations, and definitions to help students and in-service teachers use what they have learned through the case studies and discussions Each case study includes discussion and reflection prompts that are meant to lead the way to effective strategies and immediate implementation opportunities. Here is a partial list of the case studies: A white elementary student uses the N-word toward a Black teacher A Black female student endures gendered racism and racial disparities through her swimming experiences A white teacher is oblivious to why her Black students don’t want to be outside in the sunshine or get their hair moist A new PE teacher harbors toxic masculinity, white supremacy, and stereotypes of Black sexuality White student teachers grapple with accepting job offers in an urban area Black students need teachers to engage in anti-racist teaching practices that empower Black youth and aid in their success. For this to happen, teachers need to affirm students and make them feel safe, cared for, listened to, and recognized as worthy. Critical Race Studies in Physical Education will help teachers of all races adopt the teaching practices that create this supportive, empathetic, and nurturing environment—and, in doing so, validate Black students’ self-worth and swing the pendulum back toward a more equitable education in PE.
Download or read book How to Be a Young Antiracist written by Ibram X. Kendi and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 New York Times bestseller that sparked international dialogue is now a book for young adults! Based on the adult bestseller by Ibram X. Kendi, and co-authored by bestselling author Nic Stone, How to be a (Young) Antiracist will serve as a guide for teens seeking a way forward in acknowledging, identifying, and dismantling racism and injustice. The New York Times bestseller How to be an Antiracist by Ibram X. Kendi is shaping the way a generation thinks about race and racism. How to be a (Young) Antiracist is a dynamic reframing of the concepts shared in the adult book, with young adulthood front and center. Aimed at readers 12 and up, and co-authored by award-winning children's book author Nic Stone, How to be a (Young) Antiracist empowers teen readers to help create a more just society. Antiracism is a journey--and now young adults will have a map to carve their own path. Kendi and Stone have revised this work to provide anecdotes and data that speaks directly to the experiences and concerns of younger readers, encouraging them to think critically and build a more equitable world in doing so.
Download or read book Racism by Another Name written by Dorothy E. Hines and published by IAP. This book was released on 2021-08-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Racism by Another Name: Black Students, Overrepresentation, and the Carceral State of Special Education is a thought-provoking and timely book that provides a landscape for understanding and challenging educational (in)opportunities for Black students who are identified for special education. This book provides a historical and contemporary analysis through the eyes of Black children and their families on how they navigate and push against inequitable schooling, ways they are reframing discourse about race, dis/ability, and gender in schools, how educators, administrators, and school counselors contribute to disproportionality in special education, and ways that parents are collectively organizing to dismantle injustices and the carceral state, or criminalization, of special education. Each chapter provides a ground level view of what Black students with dis/abilities experience in the classroom, and examines how the intersection of race, dis/abilty, and gender subject Black students to dehumanizing experiences in school. This book includes qualitative and quantitative approaches to exploring the material realities of Black students who are isolated, whether in separate or general education classrooms. Drawing from Critical Race Theory, DisCrit, Critical Race Feminism, and other race-centered frameworks this book challenges dominant norms of schools that reinforce inequality and racial segregation in special education. At the end of each chapter the authors present practitioner-based notes and resources for readers to expand their knowledge of how Black students, their family, and guardians advocate for themselves and their own children. This book will leave educational advocates for Black children with a clearer understanding of the obstacles and successes that they encounter when striving for a just and equitable education. Furthermore, the book challenges readers to be active agents of change in their own schools and communities.
Download or read book The Intersection of Race ethnicity Gender and Exceptionality written by Rachel Elizabeth Fish and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation, I explore the relations between student race/ethnicity, nativity, gender, and exceptionality, and I examine how school context shapes those relations. I argue that exceptionalities are socially constructed, and that different categories of exceptionality have different meanings and statuses. In the first empirical chapter, I use a factorial vignette survey to test for race/ethnicity, nativity, and gender effects in how teachers respond to children indicating academic and behavioral differences in the classroom. I found that boys of color were more likely to be suspected of exceptionality when they exhibit behavioral challenges. I argue that the category of emotional disorder, in particular, may maintain or exacerbate racial/ethnic inequalities in education. In the second empirical chapter, I use a dataset of Wisconsin public school students to test whether and how school racial/ethnic composition moderates the relationship between individual-race/ethnicity and placement in special education across the more subjective categories of disability. I find that white students who attend schools with more peers of color have increased risk of identification with more-advantaged disabilities, while students of color that attend schools with more same-race peers have decreased risk of placement in special education. These findings support explanations of frog-pond effects driven by racial/ethnic bias and also the mechanism of racial/ethnic competition. In the final empirical chapter, I use school-level racial composition data and an experimental survey design to examine whether a student's race/ethnicity, nativity, and gender affect teacher decisions to refer for exceptionality testing differently in schools with different racial/ethnic compositions. I find that in schools with more white students, teachers are less likely to perceive academic challenges as disability when evaluating a boy of color. While white boys experience decreased likelihood of referral for behavior problems in schools with more white students, boys of color experience no such decrease. Conversely, when they work in schools with more white students, teachers are more likely to refer girls of color when they have academic challenges, and less likely to refer when they have behavioral challenges. I argue that these findings suggest some support for contextual effects explained by racial-bias-driven frog- pond effects.
Download or read book Cultural Diversity Families and the Special Education System written by Beth Harry and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work explores the quadruple disadvantage faced by the parents of poor, minority, handicapped children whose first language is not that of the school that they attend. The author's ethnographic study of 12 low-income Puerto Rican American families serves to illustrate how the present structure of the special education system disempowers parents, excluding them from the decision-making processes that categorise their children as handicapped - and ultimately, often place them at a permanent educational disadvantage.
