Download or read book The Structure of Value written by Robert S. Hartman and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hartman's revolutionary book introduces formal orderly thinking into value theory. It identifies three basic kinds of value, intrinsic goods (e.g., people as ends in themselves), extrinsic goods (e.g., things and actions as means to ends), and systemic goods (conceptual values). All good things share a common formal or structural pattern: they fulfill the ideal standards or "concepts" that we apply to them. Thus, this theory is called "formal axiology." Some values are richer in good-making property-fulfillment than others, so some desirable things are better than others and form patterned hierarchies of value. How we value is just as important as what we value, and evaluations, like values, share structures or formal patterns, as this book demonstrates. Hartman locates all of this solidly within the framework of historical value theory, but he moves successfully and creatively beyond philosophical tradition and toward the creation of a new value science.
Download or read book Theory of Value Structure written by Erich H. Rast and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of value structure concerns the meaning of “better than” and “good,” as well as the way in which values serve as a basis for rational decision making. Drawing methodologically from economics and theories of decision making, the aim of serious axiology in metaethics is to do justice to problems that have puzzled philosophers of value for centuries. Can value comparisons be cyclic? Are all values comparable with each other and can decision makers just add up different aspects of an evaluation to determine the best course of action? A Theory of Value Structure: From Values to Decisions starts with a thorough introduction to the modeling of “better than” comparisons from a normative perspective. In the philosophical part of the book, Erich H. Rast argues that aspects of “better than” comparisons can differ qualitatively so much that one aspect may outrank another. Consequently, the classical weighted sum aggregation model fails. Values cannot always be summed up and comparisons may be fundamentally noncompensatory, an indeterminacy that explains problems like the apparent nontransitivity of “better than” and hard cases in decision making. Using a lexicographic method of value comparisons, Rast develops a multidimensional theory of “better than” and shows how and to which extent it can be combined with standard methods of decision making under uncertainty by using rank-dependent utility theory.
Download or read book The Structure of Values and Norms written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by . This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unified formal representation of values and norms reflecting both their static and their dynamic properties.
Download or read book The Structure of Value Foundations of Scientific Axiology Etc written by Robert S. Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Structure of Value written by Robert Stanley Hartman and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science Policy and the Value Free Ideal written by Heather E. Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
Download or read book The Structure of Value written by R. T. Allen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new study of the general nature of value overcomes the conventional dichotomies of fact and value, metaphysics and axiology, and description and evaluation. It begins with the general notion of value, and gives examples from a range of types of value - organic, aesthetic, technical, cognitive - and concludes with a study of specifically moral values. It distinguishes and elaborates three dimensions of value (good, worthless, bad or counter-productive) and four categories of value (instrumental, foundational, ingredience, and performance and performer value). These categories of value are all founded upon the basic category of activity, and likewise types and groups of values arise from specific activities. The activities of living, consciousness and personal beings, and their products, are achievements, realizations of value. To describe them is necessarily to evaluate them. Activities provide the frames of reference whereby objects are evaluated. Human activities are evaluated by reference to the comprehensive activity of being human. And the foundation of moral value is the unique 'value essence' that is each person.
Download or read book Literary Structure Evolution and Value written by Jurij Striedter and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theory of Value Structure written by Erich H. Rast and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the theory of value structure, or axiology, in metaethics and defends the thesis that aspects of "better than" comparisons may outrank each other and that value cannot always be summed up neatly.
Download or read book The Structure of Values and Norms written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-02 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal representations of values and norms are employed in several academic disciplines and specialties, such as economics, jurisprudence, decision theory and social choice theory. Sven Ove Hansson closely examines such foundational issues as the values of wholes and the values of their parts, the connections between values and norms, how values can be decision-guiding and the structure of normative codes with formal precision. Models of change in both preferences and norms are offered, as well as a method to base the logic of norms on that of preferences. Hansson has developed a unified formal representation of values and norms that reflects both their static and their dynamic properties. This formalized treatment, carried out in terms of both informal value theory and precise logical detail, will contribute to the clarification of certain issues in the basic philosophical theory of values and norms.
Download or read book The Structure of Value written by George Mandler and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Structure Value Orientations and Party Choice in Western Europe written by Oddbjørn Knutsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the impact of socio-structural variables, such as social class, religion, urban/rural residence, age and gender, on influencing an individual’s voting preferences. There have been major changes in recent decades both to social structure and how social structure determines people’s voting behaviour. There has also been a shift in value orientations, for example from religious to secular values and from more authoritarian to libertarian values. The author addresses the questions: How do social structure and value orientations influence party choice in advanced industrial democracies?; To what extent is the impact of social structure on party choice transmitted via value orientations?; To what extent is the impact of value orientations on party choice causal effects when controlled for the prior structural variables? The book will be of use to advanced students and scholars in the fields of comparative politics, electoral politics and political sociology.
Download or read book Vision to Value written by Luis Gomes de Abreu and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do millions of tech startups fail every year? Despite having a good product, customers, and even help from accelerator and seed programs, many new tech companies simply don't succeed. What's missing? Operational structure.The Vision to Value Framework is an operational model designed to help tech organizations scale growth in a sustainable and profitable way. The book introduces the model, its scope, and its impact on organizations. Vision to Value compiles the experience and strategy of tech entrepreneur and startup co-founder Luis Gomes de Abreu in his journey to scaling Amsterdam-based Nmbrs, and the organization's 10-year journey of growth. With a focus on building mindset, strategy, and formal structure to support increasing operations, the book works to bridge the gap between startup and a scaled organization. Featuring theoretical as well as practical information, the Vision to Value lays the foundations for designing an organization around agility, scalability, and delivering value to the end-user. Strategy, tips, and ideas function to guide leaders in technical operations towards setting up product development structure, customer support, developing business processes, and organizing teams, while highlighting many of the issues contributing to organizational failure, and some approaches to solving them. Most importantly, Vision to Value focuses on designing structure, organizing teams, and creating an operational model designed to support growth - so that anyone can realize those ideas inside their own organization.
Download or read book The Structure of Social Science written by Michael H. Lessnoff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-10-17 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974, this book provided a most useful introductory survey of all the major philosophical issues relating to the social sciences at the time. While it covers a remarkable amount of ground in a short space, it is never superficial, for its lucid and careful analysis does full justice to the complexities and controversies of the subject. Nor is it merely a survey, for, while putting all points of view with scrupulous fairness, the author never fails to make clear his own, and to support it with reasoned argument. The book’s basic framework is a comparison of physical and social science, and in this context the author examines the problems of the mental aspect of social life, general laws, the individual and the social, explanation, and the relation of fact to value. He is far from advocating (as is often done) the wholesale acceptance or rejection of the ‘physical science model’ in the social sciences – rather, he carefully considers the various elements of the model in relation to the nature of social life. A noteworthy feature of this book is the philosophical analysis of statistical correlations and tests of significance, which bulk so large in the practice of social scientists, yet are all too seldom discussed in books of this kind. Also of special interest is the penetrating and original analysis of functionalist explanation in social science. Students of the social sciences and of philosophy will find this an admirable introduction to an important aspect of their respective disciplines.
Download or read book Designing Organizations to Create Value From Strategy to Structure written by James Brickley and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2003 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides management information on coordinating a company's decision-making authority, performance evaluation, and compensation allowing a company to run more efficiently.
Download or read book A Calculus for Ethics a Theory of the Structure of Value written by Nicholas M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure of Algebras written by Abraham Adrian Albert and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1939-12-31 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first three chapters of this work contain an exposition of the Wedderburn structure theorems. Chapter IV contains the theory of the commutator subalgebra of a simple subalgebra of a normal simple algebra, the study of automorphisms of a simple algebra, splitting fields, and the index reduction factor theory. The fifth chapter contains the foundation of the theory of crossed products and of their special case, cyclic algebras. The theory of exponents is derived there as well as the consequent factorization of normal division algebras into direct factors of prime-power degree. Chapter VI consists of the study of the abelian group of cyclic systems which is applied in Chapter VII to yield the theory of the structure of direct products of cyclic algebras and the consequent properties of norms in cyclic fields. This chapter is closed with the theory of $p$-algebras. In Chapter VIII an exposition is given of the theory of the representations of algebras. The treatment is somewhat novel in that while the recent expositions have used representation theorems to obtain a number of results on algebras, here the theorems on algebras are themselves used in the derivation of results on representations. The presentation has its inspiration in the author's work on the theory of Riemann matrices and is concluded by the introduction to the generalization (by H. Weyl and the author) of that theory. The theory of involutorial simple algebras is derived in Chapter X both for algebras over general fields and over the rational field. The results are also applied in the determination of the structure of the multiplication algebras of all generalized Riemann matrices, a result which is seen in Chapter XI to imply a complete solution of the principal problem on Riemann matrices.
