Download or read book The Structure of English Orthography written by Richard L. Venezky and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The American Way of Spelling written by Richard L. Venezky and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-07-23 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can ghoti really be pronounced fish? Why is "o" short in glove and love, but long in rove and cove? Why do English words carry such extra baggage as the silent "b" in doubt, the silent "k" in knee, and the silent "n" in autumn? And why do names like Phabulous Phoods and Hi-Ener-G stand out? Addressing these and many other questions about letters and the sounds they make, this engaging volume provides a comprehensive analysis of American English spelling and pronunciation. Venezky illuminates the fully functional system underlying what can at times be a bewildering array of exceptions, focusing on the basic units that serve to signal word form or pronunciation, where these units can occur within words, and how they relate to sound. Also examined are how our current spelling system has developed, efforts to reform it, and ways that spelling rules or patterns are violated in commercial usage. From one of the world's foremost orthographic authorities, the book affords new insight into the teaching of reading and the acquisition and processing of spelling sound relationships.
Download or read book The structure of english orthography written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American English Spelling written by D. W. Cummings and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1988-05 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study of the English language as it is spelled in America, D. W. Cummings demonstrates that behind the apparent disorder of spelling in American English lies a self-regulating and self-reorganizing system that is responsive to four kinds of imperative: phonetic, semantic, etymological, and systemic. Cummings offers a systematic theory of orthography and applies this theory to the American English vocabulary with numerous examples. Cummings also describes the explication of written words into their elements, particles, and processes, and he sets out the tactical and procedural rules that control the distribution and sequencing of vowels and consonants. In the largest section of the book, he provides an exhaustive description of the major and minor correspondences between the sounds of American English words and their spellings. An essential reference work, American English Spelling moves beyond questions of how words are spelled to an understanding of why they are spelled as they are.
Download or read book Dictionary of the British English Spelling System written by Greg Brooks and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will tell all you need to know about British English spelling. It's a reference work intended for anyone interested in the English language, especially those who teach it, whatever the age or mother tongue of their students. It will be particularly useful to those wishing to produce well-designed materials for teaching initial literacy via phonics, for teaching English as a foreign or second language, and for teacher training. English spelling is notoriously complicated and difficult to learn; it is correctly described as much less regular and predictable than any other alphabetic orthography. However, there is more regularity in the English spelling system than is generally appreciated. This book provides, for the first time, a thorough account of the whole complex system. It does so by describing how phonemes relate to graphemes and vice versa. It enables searches for particular words, so that one can easily find, not the meanings or pronunciations of words, but the other words with which those with unusual phoneme-grapheme/grapheme-phoneme correspondences keep company. Other unique features of this book include teacher-friendly lists of correspondences and various regularities not described by previous authorities, for example the strong tendency for the letter-name vowel phonemes (the names of the letters ) to be spelt with those single letters in non-final syllables.
Download or read book A hand book of English orthography by a literary association written by English orthography and published by . This book was released on 1853 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book English Compounds and their Spelling written by Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-03 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anyone writing texts in English is constantly faced with the unavoidable question whether to use open spelling (drinking fountain), hyphenation (far-off) or solid spelling (airport) for individual compounds. While some compounds commonly occur with alternative spellings, others show a very clear bias for one form. This book tests over 60 hypotheses and explores the patterns underlying the spelling of English compounds from a variety of perspectives. Based on a sample of 600 biconstituent compounds with identical spelling in all reference works in which they occur (200 each with open, hyphenated and solid spelling), this empirical study analyses large amounts of data from corpora and dictionaries and concludes that the spelling of English compounds is not chaotic but actually correlates with a large number of statistically significant variables. An easily applicable decision tree is derived from the data and an innovative multi-dimensional prototype model is suggested to account for the results.
Download or read book The Grammar of English Orthography written by Goold Brown and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Grammar of English Orthography by Goold Brown: "The Grammar of English Orthography" by Goold Brown is a linguistic work that delves into the rules and principles of English spelling and orthography. Brown's book provides a detailed examination of the intricacies of English language structure and writing conventions. Key Aspects of the Book "The Grammar of English Orthography by Goold Brown": Orthographic Analysis: Brown's work offers a thorough analysis of English orthography, including spelling rules, pronunciation, and writing conventions. Linguistic Exploration: The book explores the historical and linguistic factors that have shaped English spelling and grammar. Reference for Writers: "The Grammar of English Orthography" serves as a valuable reference for writers, educators, and language enthusiasts seeking to understand the intricacies of English language structure. Goold Brown was an American grammarian and educator known for his contributions to the study of English grammar and orthography. His work aimed to clarify and systematize English language rules.
Download or read book Alphabets and Reading written by Sir James Pitman and published by London : Pitman. This book was released on 1969 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations Into the Laws of English Orthography and Pronunciation written by Rudolph Leonhard Tafel and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The relationship between phonology and orthography and the issue of orthographic reform for English written by Stephanie Schmitz and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2006-07-18 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, University of Cologne (Englisches Seminar), course: Hauptseminar: Writing Systems, language: English, abstract: Phonological developments in English after the standardization of the orthography and their consequences for the relationship between phonology and orthographyThis essay first explains what sound change is and then describes differences between Middle English and New English concerning consonant and especially vowel patterns due to the Great English Vowel Shift. Then the standardization of the orthography and phonological changes after the 17th century are discussed. Finally, the results of these changes for the relationship between phonology and orthography today are depicted. Sound change is referred to modifications in the language that lead to the introduction or loss of phonological elements (Lehmann 1992: 183). Sound change means a modification of distinctive features of the phonemes (Lehmann 1992: 191). Today sound changes are mostly indicated by means of distinctive features rather than by means of rules as it was in earlier times, because an indication by means of distinctive features is more precise. Generally, a sound can change in its place or manner of articulation, in the position of the velum or in its glottal articulation (Lehmann 1992: 191-193). Furthermore, changes may take place in the characteristic features of a vowel, i.e. in the degree of vowel opening, in the degree of fronting or in the labial articulation (Lehmann 1992: 193-194). A sound change can either be conditioned or unconditioned. Within a conditioned change an allophone of a phoneme changes only in a specific environment and stays the same in all others, whereas within an unconditioned change, a phoneme changes in all possible environments, which happens very seldom (Lehmann 1992: 190-191). Simple treatments of sound changes are normally unrealistic, i.e. to assume that all phonemes /x/ have become /y/ at time z (Lehmann 1992: 190). Usually a tabloid which shows that each phoneme /x/ became /y/ and each phoneme /y/ became /z/ depicts only the most common cases. But often a change is restricted to a certain environment and does not take place in others. Changes can be interpreted as addition, as alteration or as loss of a feature. Accordingly, when changes are described by rules they are described as rule addition, rule loss or rule recording. (Lehmann 1992: 204-205). A “sound change only occurs when there is a disruption of the phonological system”. This disruption may take place by two mechanisms, either by merger or by split. [...]
Download or read book Spell It Out written by David Crystal and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a history of English spelling through chapters that cover such topics as the introduction of the Roman alphabet, each letter's origins, and the development of long and short vowels.
Download or read book Processing of Visible Language written by Paul A. Kolers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second symposium on processing visible language constituted a different "mix" of participants from the first. Greater emphasis was given to the design of language, both in its historical development and in its current display; and to practical questions associated with machine-implementation oflanguage, in the interactions of person and computer, and in the characteristics of the physical and environmental objects that affect the interaction. Another change was that a special session on theory capped the proceedings. Psychologists remained heavily involved, however, both as contributors to and as discussants of the work pre sented. The motivation of the conferences remains one of bringing together graphic designers, engineers, and psychologists concerned with the display and acquisition of visible language. The papers separately tended to emphasize the one of the three disciplines that mark their authors' field of endeavor, but are constructed to be general rather than parochial. Moreover, within the three disciplines, papers emphasized either the textual or the more pictorial aspects. For example, a session on writing systems ranged from principles that seem to characterize all such systems to specific papers on ancient Egyptian writing, modern Korean, and English shorthand. The complementary session on the nontextual media opened with a discussion of general principles of pictorial communication and included papers on communicating instructions, general information, or religious belief through designs and other pictorial forms, as well as a discussion. of misrepresentation.
Download or read book Spellography for Teachers written by Louisa Cook Moats and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This module explores the structure and history of English spelling from several angles: phoneme-grapheme correspondences, letter patterns within words, syllables, meaningful word parts (morphemes), and historical layers in the orthography. The module addresses differences between syllables and morphemes, between "irregular" and "high frequency" words, and among six syllable types. After learning this content, teachers can approach phonics, spelling, and word study with confidence."--Page 4 of cover.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Endangered Languages written by Peter K. Austin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-24 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is generally agreed that about 7,000 languages are spoken across the world today and at least half may no longer be spoken by the end of this century. This state-of-the-art Handbook examines the reasons behind this dramatic loss of linguistic diversity, why it matters, and what can be done to document and support endangered languages. The volume is relevant not only to researchers in language endangerment, language shift and language death, but to anyone interested in the languages and cultures of the world. It is accessible both to specialists and non-specialists: researchers will find cutting-edge contributions from acknowledged experts in their fields, while students, activists and other interested readers will find a wealth of readable yet thorough and up-to-date information.
Download or read book Developmental Orthography written by Philip Luelsdorff and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philip Luelsdorff's highly original approach to the grammar of orthography is to analyse in detail how German pupils learn about written English. In this collection of essays and experiments we are presented with the rich finds of a decade of programmatic research. The context is set with an exposition of current cognitive models of reading and spelling. Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics meet in Luelsdorff's concept of linguistic error. This concept forms the basis from which it is possible to derive the grammar that governs our largely unconscious and vast knowledge of written words. It is proper to talk about a grammar for both orthographic and syntactic aspects of language. This is because spelling knowledge is not piecemeal or erratic but bears all the hallmarks of a system. Through second language orthography the author is showing us a new view of this advanced stage of spelling knowledge and its acquisition. This view is exciting because it seems now possible to form very detailed hypotheses as regards first language spelling about the order in which purely orthographic knowledge is developed.
Download or read book The Structure of Modern English written by Laurel J. Brinton and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language. Focus is placed exclusively on English data, providing an empirical explication of the structure of the language.
