Download or read book Structure and Function of Apolipoproteins written by Maryvonne Rosseneu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-08-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure and Function of Apolipoproteins presents a comprehensive review of the primary and secondary structure of apolipoproteins. The book discusses the structure of the apolipoprotein gene family and genetic variation occurring at the protein level. Functional properties of apolipoproteins, including lipid binding, enzyme co-factor activity, antigenic properties, and receptor-ligand interactions are extensively described and analyzed in relation to their structural features. Physiological properties of apolipoproteins and their role in biology and medicine are also examined. Anyone who is interested in apolipoproteins or is conducting research on atherosclerosis should consider this volume an essential reference.

Download or read book The Structure and Function of Apolipoprotein A Iv written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is a protein synthesized by the small intestine in response to lipid absorption. It has been proposed to play a role in cholesterol efflux, lipoprotein metabolism and food intake. Unfortunately, little information on its structure/function relationship is known. Therefore, it was important to establish a recombinant expression system for apoA-IV so deletion mutagenesis could be performed to achieve the specific aims. The following aims address the hypothesis that specific regions of apoA-IV are involved in its ability to interact with lipid and inhibit food intake. Aim 1: Determine the region of apoA-IV that is responsible for its ability to bind lipid as well as to identify the generalities of its structure. Initially, it was found that removing the C-terminal 44 amino acids from human apoA-IV caused a significant increase in lipid binding ability as compared to WT. Eventually, a smaller region from amino acid 333- 343 was established as the inhibitory region of apoA-IV at the C-terminus. Using the 333- 343 as a template, the N-terminus was also mutated and it was found that the N-terminal amino acids from 11-20 were required for the mutants to be fast lipid binders. Therefore, we propose there is an interaction between the inhibitory region from 333-343 and the N-terminus of the protein that does not allow the proper conformation for accelerated lipid binding. Aim 2: Determine the region of apoA-IV that is responsible for its role in the inhibition of food intake. Originally, several C-terminal deletion mutants were made in rat apoA-IV. The mutants were injected into the 3rd ventricle of rat brains and their food intake was determined. It was found that the food intake region was located in the N-terminal 116 amino acids. Next a 3rd mutant was made that removed the N-terminal 61 amino acids. This mutant did not inhibit food intake as compared to WT suggesting the region involved in food intake is located in the first 61 amino acids. In separate studies, a 14-residue peptide from amino acid 17-30 also inhibited food intake in rats suggesting this is the active region.

Download or read book Plasma Lipoproteins written by Antonio M. Gotto and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this rapidly evolving field of research, an enormous amount of new knowledge of lipoprotein structure, function and metabolism has emerged. The 1985 Nobel Prize-winning pioneering work of Brown and Goldstein on the LDL receptor has had a profound impact on developments in the field. This work is one of the many subjects reviewed in detail in this book. The volume begins with chapters on structure, then proceeds to analysis of lipid and lipoprotein dynamics, metabolism, function, genetics, and molecular biology. Lipoprotein genetics in molecular biology, the role of lipoprotein receptors, and Lp(a) - a topic underrepresented in volumes on lipoproteins, are another three such topics in an impressive volume. This work will mainly be of interest to researchers interested in lipid and lipoprotein structure and metabolism, but will also be of great value to clinical medicine and biology in general.

Download or read book Intestinal Lipid Metabolism written by Charles M. Mansbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-11-30 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was stimulated by the enthusiasm shown by attendees at the meetings in Saxon River, VT, sponsored by the Federation ofAmerican Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB), on the subject of the intestinal processing of lipids. When these meetings were first started in 1990, the original organizers, two of whom are editors ofthis volume (CMM and PT), had two major goals. The first was to bring together a diverse group ofinvestiga tors who had the common goal of gaining a better understanding of how the intestine ab sorbs lipids. The second was to stimulate the interest of younger individuals whom we wished to recruit into what we believed was an exciting and fruitful area ofresearch. Since that time, the field has opened up considerably with new questions being asked and new an swers obtained, suggesting that our original goals for the meetings were being met. In the same spirit, it occurred to us that there has not been a recentbook that draws to gethermuch ofthe informationavailableconcerninghow the intestineprocesses lipids. This book is intended to reach investigators with an interest in this area and their pre- and post doctoral students. The chapters are written by individuals who have a long-term interest in the areas about which they write, and many have been speakers at the subsequent FASEB conferences that have followed on the first.

Download or read book Apolipoprotein A IV Structural Models and Functional Implications written by Matthew Robert Tubb and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human apolipoprotein (apo)A-IV is a 46 kDa exchangeable plasma protein produced mainly in the small intestine in response to lipid meals with numerous proposed functions ranging from forward and reverse cholesterol transport to anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and satiation. Unfortunately, there is very little structural basis for these functions largely due to the lack of a three-dimensional model of the protein. The following aims were constructed in order to answer specific questions about apoA-IV structure and function. AIM 1: Determine the specific sequences in apoA-IV that modulate its ability to bind to lipid. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce point mutations into apoA-IV in order to discover what regions influence lipid binding. Once these regions were identified we performed experiments to conclusively demonstrate that the two regions, distant in terms of the primary sequence, were quite near each other in the native lipid-free conformation. We propose that there is a direct intramolecular interaction within apoA-IV that inhibits its inherent lipid binding ability. AIM 2: Create a three dimensional model of apoA-IV, both lipid-free and lipid-bound, using mass spectrometry and computer modeling. Since both lipid-free and lipid-bound apoA-IV likely play distinct physiological roles, we set out to develop models of apoA-IV structure in both states. First, we developed a method to produce highly homogeneous apoA-IV recombinant HDL particles. We then used cross-linking chemistry and high resolution mass spectrometry to create "proximity maps" of lipid-free and lipid-bound apoA-IV. This was followed by sequence threading and computer modeling to generate the first ever all-atom molecular models of apoA-IV. AIM 3: Identify an apoA-IV binding protein or receptor. A novel apoA-IV receptor has yet to be identified and, although many groups have attempted, discovering it would provide tremendous information about the way in which apoA-IV is able to carry out its diverse functions in vivo. We employed various experimental methods to attempt to identify a novel protein partner for apoA-IV. Among the techniques used were affinity chromatography, far western blotting, yeast two hybrid and label transfer. Certain results remain promising, yet identification of a specific protein has eluded us.

Download or read book High Density Lipoproteins written by Arnold von Eckardstein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.

Download or read book Dietary Sugar Salt and Fat in Human Health written by Harry G. Preuss and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 682 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Divided into four main sections, Dietary Sugar, Salt and Fat in Human Health explores the biochemical, pharmacological and medicinal aspects related to the overindulgence of dietary salt, sugar, and fat, along with possible remedies. Beginning with a general overview, the text outlines aspects associated with advancing age and human physiology, such as different aspects of insulin resistance, the advancing age phenomenon, central fat accumulation and metabolic perturbations and the role of the modern Western diet and the influence of dietary sugar, salt, and fat, with particular focus on their relation to multiple biochemical pathophysiological pathways. The second section of the book focuses on the roles of dietary sugars and their correlation with the chronic disease epidemic, with an emphasis on carbohydrate metabolism and its biochemistry, GI absorption, the glycemic index and the influence of fructose. The historical background of dietary sugars is discussed alongside Atkin’s hypothesis, and an overview of the correlation between dietary fibre and the glycemic index, including a chapter on sugar addiction. Section three contains an exhaustive review of the influence of dietary salt and its diverse mechanistic aspects, including salt-sensitive hypertension, contribution of two steroid receptor pathways, vascular NO, intrarenal RAAS system and angiotensin. The fourth section highlights the biochemistry of dietary saturated, polyunsaturated and trans fat and its influence on human health and various diseases, and further explores NAFLD and gender specific problems. Chapters in this section also investigate the benefits of the Mediterranean diet as well as myths related to cholesterol. Collected and carefully organized for researchers in nutrition, physiology, epidemiology, or sensory science, this book will also benefit general practitioners, surgeons, nurses, health professionals and practitioners, and students studying the role of diet in cardiometabolic disorders and disease. Demonstrates how a healthy lifestyle impacts lifespan Provides a general overview and outlines aspects associated with advancing age and human physiology Focuses on the roles of dietary sugars and their correlation with the chronic disease epidemic Contains an exhaustive review of the influence of dietary salt and its diverse mechanistic aspects Highlights the biochemistry of dietary saturated, polyunsaturated and trans fat and its influence on human health and various diseases

Download or read book Cholesterol Binding and Cholesterol Transport Proteins written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of cholesterol and its interaction with protein molecules is of fundamental importance in both animal and human biology. This book contains 22 chapters, dealing in depth with structural and functional aspects of the currently known and extremely diverse unrelated families of cholesterol-binding and cholesterol transport proteins. By drawing together this range of topics the Editor has attempted to correlate this broad field of study for the first time. Technical aspects are given considerable emphasis, particularly in relation cholesterol reporter molecules and to the isolation and study of membrane cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-rich "raft" domains. Cell biological, biochemical and clinical topics are included in this book, which serve to emphasize the acknowledged and important benefits to be gained from the study of cholesterol and cholesterol-binding proteins within the biomedical sciences and the involvement of cholesterol in several clinical disorders. It is hoped that by presenting this topic in this integrated manner that an appreciation of the fact that there is much more that needs to be taken into account, studied and understood than the widely discussed "bad and good cholesterol" associated, respectively, with the low- and high-density lipoproteins, LDL and HDL.

Download or read book Apolipoprotein A iv Structural Determination and Biophysical Characterization written by Xiaodi A. Deng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apolipoproteins are key structural elements of lipoproteins and critical mediators of lipid metabolism. Their detergent-like properties allow them to emulsify lipids or exist lipid-free in various states of self-association. Part of this family is apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, a 43 kDa lipid binding protein. Biologically, apoA-IV has been linked to a wide range of functions: reverse cholesterol transport, chylomicron secretion, protection against LDL oxidation, anti-inflammation, satiety signaling, and glucose metabolism. The aims below are designed to structurally characterize apoA-IV.

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.

Download or read book Lipids in Protein Misfolding written by Olga Gursky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-06 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​Protein conversion from a water-soluble native conformation to the insoluble aggregates and fibrils, which can deposit in amyloid plaques, underlies more than 20 human diseases, representing a major public health problem and a scientific challenge. Such a conversion is called protein misfolding. Protein misfolding can also involve errors in the topology of the folded proteins and their assembly in lipid membranes. Lipids are found in nearly all amyloid deposits in vivo, and can critically influence protein misfolding in vitro and in vivo in many different ways. This book focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role of lipids in modulating the misfolding of various proteins. The main emphasis is on the basic biophysical studies that address molecular basis of protein misfolding and amyloid formation, and the role of lipids in this complex process.

Download or read book Nutrigenetics written by Martin Kohlmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrigenetics: Applying the Science of Personal Nutrition provides a fully referenced, readable guide to understanding the rationale and importance of nutrigenetic applications and explains why single nutrition recommendations will not fit everybody or even a majority of modern humans. This books explains how genetic variation shapes individual nutrition requirements and sensitivities, presents questions to ask about reported gene-nutrient interactions, and what needs to be done before putting nutrigenetic tests to practical use. This book blends key concepts from the fields of genetics, biochemistry, epidemiology, public health, and clinical medicine to give a rich perspective on the genetically diverse nutritional needs and sensitivities of individuals in health and disease. A steadily increasing number of people order genetic tests to find out what they should eat for better health, well being and performance, and an even greater number asks their healthcare providers about such tests. Most of the currently offered tests are not grounded in current knowledge, often absurdly so, but few professionals can explain why they are misguided. On the other hand, there are more evidence-supported genetic variants that can guide nutrition decisions, but again most healthcare providers know little about them, much less use them in their daily practice. There is a great need for a solidly evidence-based yet accessible book that explains the science of nutrigenetics and provides the tools to evaluate new nutrigenetic tests. Comprehensive coverage of the emerging science of nutritional genetics and its promise for individually tailored nutrition guidance Presents practical examples to enhance comprehension and spur additional research Offers a logical progression from what nutrigenetics is, to its possibilities in enhancing health

Download or read book Genetic variation and structure function studies of human apolipoprotein A IV in relation to atherosclerosis written by Wai-Man Raymond Wong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Download or read book Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer s Disease written by A.D. Roses and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now considerable genetic evidence that the type 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene is a major susceptibility factor associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, the common form of the disease defined as starting after sixty years of age. The role of apolipoprotein E in normal brain metabolism and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease are new and exciting avenues of research. This book, written by the most outstanding scientists in this new filed, is the first presentation of results concerning the implications of apolipoprotein E on the genetics, cell biology, neuropathology, biochemistry, and therapeutic management of Alzheimer's disease.

Download or read book Management of Dyslipidemia written by Wilbert S. Aronow and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality. The earlier in life dyslipidemia is treated, the better the prognosis. The current book is an excellent one on dyslipidemia written by experts on this topic. This book includes 12 chapters including 5 on lipids, 4 on hypercholesterolemia in children, and 3 on the treatment of dyslipidemia. This book should be read by all health care professionals taking care of patients, including pediatricians since atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins in childhood.