Download or read book The Structural Evolution During Low Temperature Carburization of 17 7 Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steel written by Chieh-Wen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature paraequilibrium carburization is an effective method to enhance surface hardness and corrosion resistance in austenitic stainless steels, provided that equilibrium carbide formation is suppressed [1]. In this study, 17-7 precipitation-hardening stainless steel (PH SS) was subjected to paraequilibrium carburization at 350 and 380 °C. Metallographic images taken on etched cross sections of carburized samples and the hardness depth profile are consistent with the results found in carburized austenitic stainless steels -- a hardened, etch-resistant surface layer can be formed. Besides, experimental results from X-ray Diffraction (XRD), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of carburized 17-7 PH SS have shown a carburization-induced transformation form martensite to austenite during paraequilibrium carburization, which results from the known ability of carbon to act as an austenite stabilizer. Although EBSD results reveal that e-ferrite remains the same phase after paraequilibrium carburization, a higher carbon concentration than the calculated value using the CALPHAD method in e-ferrite was measured. In this work, the carburization-induced phase transformation and the effect of low temperature carburization on 17-7 PH SS have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), XRD, EBSD and TEM. The goal of this study is to identify the structural evolution and transformation mechanism in carburized 17-7 PH SS in order to understand the relationship between carburization and the martensitic transformation.

Download or read book Low temperature Gas phase Carburizing and Nitriding of 17 7 Ph Stainless Steel written by Danqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature carburization and low-temperature nitridation were successfully applied on 17-7 PH stainless steel and significantly improved the surface hardness. Via an isothermal martensite-to-austenite phase transformation, carbon- and nitrogen-supersaturated expanded austenite was achieved. Delta ferrite grains with astonishing amount (greater than 18 at.%) of carbon (nitrogen) were observed after carburization (nitridation). The interstitially-supersaturated ferrite shows a uniform contrast, i. e. no diffraction contrast from extended structural defects under transmission electron microscopy. Plates with uniform contrast were observed in ferrite grains near the interface between the carburized layer and bulk material after carburization. These plates are enriched in carbon but do not form any carbide. A model based on segregation of carbon interstitials to dislocation cores is proposed, the featureless appearance being ascribed to strain field overlap of a massive dislocation network. As the carbon-dislocation binding energy is higher than that of carbon to iron in cementite, carbon atoms are able to segregate to the dislocations cores. With an extremely high dislocation density (1013/cm2), ferrite can take up to several wt. pct. carbon without any phase transformation. Similar mechanism holds for featureless nitrogen-supersaturated ferrite. But after nitriding at high temperature (713 K), rocksalt-structured nitrides MN1-x (M being Fe, Cr, Ni and Al) were observed in a Bain orientation relationship with respect to ferrite matrix. Low nitriding temperatures (623 K and 653 K) prefer M2N1-x plate formation in ferrite. Continuing nitriding tends to dissolve M2N1-x, forming featureless grain with MN1-x. In spite of processing condition designed to eliminate long-range diffusion of substitutional solute atoms, decomposition of austenite into ferrite and nitride was observed to occur during low-temperature nitridation realized by enhanced diffusion along the austenite-ferrite interphase interface. NiAl formed in ferrite during both carburization and nitridation, but lost ordering afterwards in carbon- and nitrogen- supersaturated ferrite grains.

Download or read book Phase Transformations Accompanying Low temperature Carburization of Martensitic Stainless Steels Under Paraequilibrium Conditions written by Chihoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CALPHAD based interstitial solid solution thermodynamic modeling was used to determine carbon solubility in the presence of select carbide phases and the eutectoid temperatures of 15-5 PH and 17-7 PH stainless steels under paraequilibrium conditions. Predictions using CALPHAD parameters from different sources in the literature were compared. Resulting values for the eutectoid temperature in 15-5 PH stainless steel varied nominally 100K depending upon the choice of Cr-Fe-C CALPHAD parameters employed. By converting from a dilute solution to a CALPHAD model, Cu-C interaction parameters were derived and applied to the numerical prediction. CALPHAD based thermodynamic modeling also was used to predict the effects of Cr and Ni on the solubility in Fe-based bcc and fcc matrices of graphite and paraequilibrium M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. The solubility of graphite increases with increasing Cr, and decreases with increasing Ni contents in both bcc and fcc matrices. For the Fe-Ni-C system, CALPHAD modeling of compositions up to 40 wt. pct. Ni found that the formation of paraequilibrium conbides increases the solubility of carbon relative to graphite for both bcc and fcc matrices at 700K. The Swagelok low-temperature carburization process was applied to 15-5 PH stainless steel over a temperature range from 380 to 450C. Through this process, hardened cases 8-12 æm thick were produced having a carbon content of 8-10 at. pct. as determined using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Near surface microstructures were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness testing measured case hardness values of 950-1100 HV which are much higher than the core hardness values of approximately 500 HV.

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Developments in High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials written by W Gao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High temperature corrosion is a phenomenon that occurs in components that operate at very high temperatures, such as gas turbines, jet engines and industrial plants. Engineers are constantly striving to understand and prevent this type of corrosion. This book examines the latest developments in the understanding of high temperature corrosion processes and protective oxide scales and coatings.Part one looks at high temperature corrosion. Chapters cover diffusion and solid state reactions, external and internal oxidation of alloys, metal dusting corrosion, tribological degradation, hot corrosion, and oxide scales on hot-rolled steel strips. Modern techniques for analysing high temperature oxidation and corrosion are also discussed. Part two discusses methods of protection using ceramics, composites, protective oxide scales and coatings. Chapters focus on layered ternary ceramics, alumina scales, Ti-Al intermetallic compounds, metal matrix composites, chemical vapour deposited silicon carbide, nanocrystalline coatings and thermal barrier coatings. Part three provides case studies illustrating some of the challenges of high temperature corrosion to industry and how they can be overcome. Case studies include the petrochemical industry, modern incinerators and oxidation processing of electronic materials.This book is a valuable reference tool for engineers who develop heat resistant materials, mechanical engineers who design and maintain high temperature equipment and plant, and research scientists and students who study high temperature corrosion and protection of materials. - Describes the latest developments in understanding high temperature corrosion - Presents the latest research by the leading innovators from around the globe - Case studies are provided to illustrate key points

Download or read book High Performance Stainless Steels written by Curtis W. Kovach and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Improving Materials Performance written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion. Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materialsCovers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloysExamines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion"

Download or read book Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels written by Andrea Di Schino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.

Download or read book Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components written by Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carburizing written by Geoffrey Parrish and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Based on his training in metallurgy and experience in a large British gear manufacturing company, Parrish reviews the microstructural features of metal products that have been carbon case-hardened, and the influence of those features on the more important material properties. He is not concerned with the carbonizing process at all. He primarily addresses students of engineering and ferrous metallurgy, but also stress and design engineers who might want to understand more fully the specifications of the materials they are considering for their designs. He wrote the eight articles to summarize the field's literature of the early 1970s for his own convenience, but at invitation, published them as a series in the Heat Treatment of Metals during 1967-77, and collected them for a first edition of the volume in 1980. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Download or read book Metallography and Microstructure in Ancient and Historic Metals written by David A. Scott and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1992-01-02 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David A. Scott provides a detailed introduction to the structure and morphology of ancient and historic metallic materials. Much of the scientific research on this important topic has been inaccessible, scattered throughout the international literature, or unpublished; this volume, although not exhaustive in its coverage, fills an important need by assembling much of this information in a single source. Jointly published by the GCI and the J. Paul Getty Museum, the book deals with many practical matters relating to the mounting, preparation, etching, polishing, and microscopy of metallic samples and includes an account of the way in which phase diagrams can be used to assist in structural interpretation. The text is supplemented by an extensive number of microstructural studies carried out in the laboratory on ancient and historic metals. The student beginning the study of metallic materials and the conservation scientist who wishes to carry out structural studies of metallic objects of art will find this publication quite useful.

Download or read book Stainless Steels for Design Engineers written by Michael F. McGuire and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of growth of stainless steel has outpaced that of other metals and alloys, and by 2010 may surpass aluminum as the second most widely used metal after carbon steel. The 2007 world production of stainless steel was approximately 30,000,000 tons and has nearly doubled in the last ten years. This growth is occurring at the same time that the production of stainless steel continues to become more consolidated. One result of this is a more widespread need to understand stainless steel with fewer resources to provide that information. The concurrent technical evolution in stainless steel and increasing volatility of raw material prices has made it more important for the engineers and designers who use stainless steel to make sound technical judgments about which stainless steels to use and how to use them.

Download or read book Corrosion of Stainless Steels written by A. John Sedriks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-19 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Complete, Up-to-Date Introduction to Corrosion of StainlessSteels and Metallurgical Factors This fully updated Second Editionof Corrosion of Stainless Steels covers the tremendous advancesmade with stainless steels in recent decades, includingapplications in many new areas--from marine technologies andoff-shore oil production to power plants and the kitchen sink. Thisbook offers unique insights into the corrosion mechanisms affectingstainless steels, details problem-avoidance strategies, and helpsidentify corrosion-resistant capabilities for these remarkablealloys Sponsored by the Electrochemical Society, Corrosion osStainless Steels * Provides a comprehensive introduction to the selection,development, and production of all types of stainless steels * Emphasizes how metallurgical factors affect corrosionresistance * Examines the limitations of stainless steels within the contextof a discussion on higher alloys * Takes an interdisciplinary approach that demonstrates thecombined effects of metallurgy, chemistry, and electrochemistry oncorrosion resistance * Provides baseline knowledge and testing standards for stainlesssteels, and facilitates failure analysis for industrial purposes orlitigation related to equipment failure This is a much-needed text for materials scientists, chemicalengineers, corrosion specialists, graduate students, and anyone whoneeds to be brought up to date on this subject.

Download or read book Tribocorrosion written by Anna Igual Munoz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a toolbox for identifying and addressing tribocorrosion situations from an engineering point of view. It is an accessible and introductory guideline to the emerging and interdisciplinary field of tribocorrosion covering the main concepts of tribology and corrosion. It describes specific tribocorrosion concepts, models and experimental techniques as well as their application to practical situations in which mechanical and chemical phenomena act simultaneously.

Download or read book High Nitrogen Steels written by Valentin G. Gavriljuk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic research and new manufacturing methods have led to high nitrogen steels (HNS), a promising new group of materials for use in advanced applications in mechanical and chemical engineering. The book deals with the atomic structure, constitution, properties, manufacturing and application of martensitic, austenitic, duplex and dualphase steels of superior strength and corrosion resistance. Combining metallurgy and engineering aspects. It gives a detailed overview and presents new results on HNS. The book is intended for scientists as well as technologists, who will find stimulating information.

Download or read book Engineering Materials 2 written by Michael F. Ashby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a thorough explanation of the basic properties of materials; of how these can be controlled by processing; of how materials are formed, joined and finished; and of the chain of reasoning that leads to a successful choice of material for a particular application. The materials covered are grouped into four classes: metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. Each class is studied in turn, identifying the families of materials in the class, the microstructural features, the processes or treatments used to obtain a particular structure and their design applications. The text is supplemented by practical case studies and example problems with answers, and a valuable programmed learning course on phase diagrams.

Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors' unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. - Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. - Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. - Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.