Download or read book The Stability of Trade Policy in the Countries in Transition and Their Integration Into the Multilateral Trading System written by Zdenek Drabek and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Integration of Transition Economies Into the World Trading System written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition economies are at different stages of integration into the world trading system. Most remaining reforms and adjustments must be initiated by the countries themselves. But the United States and the European Union can help by reviewing their policies toward "nonmarket" economies.
Download or read book Developing Countries And The Multilateral Trading System written by T. N. Srinivasan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-13 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a historical perspective of the Uruguay Round agreement and focuses on the interaction between the developed and developing countries on matters relating to the global trading system and its disciplines since the founding of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
Download or read book Trade Policies for Development and Transition written by David G Tarr and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-12-29 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author has virtually incomparable experience in both providing trade policy advice to more than 25 countries on behalf of the World Bank and also publishing quality journal articles in most of those cases. In this volume, he focuses on his work on: (i) trade policies for countries making the transition from planned to market economies; (ii) his trade policy guideline papers for the World Bank on trade policies for poverty alleviation, uniform tariff policy, adjustment costs of trade liberalization, exchange rate overvaluation, globalization and technology transfer and rules of thumb on regional trade policies; (iii) multilateral, dynamic and environmental issues in trade policy using computable general equilibrium models; (iv) trade policy of the United States in the auto and steel industries; and (v) mathematical methods for modeling. The papers show an unusual combination of policy relevance, advice and impact, with rigor and international trade theory insights. The papers in this volume have appeared in many of the economics profession's more prestigious journals, including Econometrica, Review of Economic Studies, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Economic Journal, the Journal of International Economics, International Economic Review, European Economic Review, Canadian Journal of Economics, Economic Inquiry, the Journal of Comparative Economic, Review of International Economics, World Economy, the Southern Economic Journal, the World Bank Economic Review, the Japanese Economic Review and the Latin American Journal of Economics. In this book, the author elaborates on the articles by discussing some of the policy contexts for the requests for the work from developing and transition countries to the World Bank, the key trade theory or policy insights, policy recommendations and conclusions and the policy impacts.
Download or read book Leadership and Change in the Multilateral Trading System written by Amrita Narlikar and published by Republic of Letters. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in International Institutional Dynamics, 2 (International Studies Library, 18) This volume presents an authoritative and cutting-edge account of the evolving multilateral trading system and the challenges that it faces today. It focuses on details affecting the Doha negotiations and also addresses broader themes of leadership, changing balances of power, and institutional limitations of the WTO. Six country-cases of the established and rising powers, along with two chapters on the critical intervening variable of coalitions, offer new insights into problems and opportunities available in the multilateral trading system. The Introduction and Conclusion, co-authored by the two editors, ensure that the resulting volume will provide an accessible, holistic, and cohesive understanding of leadership and change in the multilateral trading system. Table of Contents Acknowledgements Author biographies 1. Introduction: Global trade governance in a multipolar world, Brendan Vickers and Amrita Narlikar Part I: The Established Powers 2. The EU in the Doha negotiations: A Conflicted leader?, Manfred Elsig 3. US trade Policy and the rise of the big emerging economies, Geoffrey Allen Pigman Part II: Rising powers in a multipolar trading system 4. Brazil's multilateral trade diplomacy in the WTO, Maria Lucia L. M. Pdua Lima 5. Shifting coordinates of India's stance in the WTO: Understanding the domestic and international drivers, Amit Ray and Sabyasachi Saha 6. Reforming the WTO: China, the Doha round, and beyond, Gregory Chin 7. 'Reclaiming development in multilateral trade': South Africa and the politics of the Doha round, Brendan Vickers Part III: Bargaining coalitions in the Doha negotiations 8. A Theory of Bargaining Coalitions, Amrita Narlikar 9. Reflections on the WTO July 2008 collapse: Lessons for developing country coalitions, Faizel Ismail 10. Conclusion: What leadership and what change?, Amrita Narlikar and Brendan Vickers About the Author(s)/Editor(s) Amrita Narlikar is University Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy at the Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Cambridge, and Official Fellow of Darwin College. Her single-authored books include The World Trade Organization: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 (translated into Chinese and Arabic), and International Trade and Developing Countries: Bargaining coalitions in the GATT and WTO, London: Routledge, 2003. Brendan Vickers, is Senior Researcher in Multilateral Trade at the Institute for Global Dialogue, Johannesburg, South Africa and Research Associate of the Department of Political Science at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. The post-war international architecture was designed and created by the hegemon - the United States. This book is an important addition to a growing literature on the multipolar world. There is still a hegemon, but with less and less power. The post-war partner Europe is more and more concerned with domestic issues. And there is a growing collection of coalitions. Thus, for example, there are the BRICs - Brazil, Russia, India and China - and the BICS - Brazil, India, China and South Africa - and lots of Gs. And BEEs or big emerging economies. Yet no coherent view of the trading system has emerged! There's a famous doggerel from the Bretton Woods negotiations: 'In Washington, Lord Halifax whispered to Lord Keynes, they've got all the money bags and we've got all the brains!' Today, as this excellent collection of studies illustrates, much of the money bags are in, say, China. And the brains are spread out all over the place. This is essential reading to begin to understand the emerging new world order. Or disorder? Sylvia Ostry, Distinguished Research Fellow, Munk Centre for International Studies
Download or read book Asymmetries in the Emerging Multilateral Trading System Under the WTO written by Jamil Ahmad and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-09 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, Aligarh Muslim University (Department of Economics), language: English, abstract: The fundamental principles of the multilateral trading system is to help trade flow as freely as possible, on the one hand, and deal with disputes over trade issues on the other. The expansion of trade has played a dynamic role in the growth of the global economy since World War II. Trade is important for the development of all types of economies. But its sustained growth calls for a free and fair Multilateral trading system. A trading system that is rule based helps in the expansion of trade. Similarly, a trading system that lowers trade barriers through negotiations and applies the principle of non-discrimination promotes trade from developing countries. Further, the trading system that allows disputes to be settled effectively and constructively has the added advantage for the developing countries. The world trading system under the WTO promises all but its working over the past years since its establishment has revealed that the pace and pattern of implementation by different member countries have not been uniform. More powerful players in the trade space have evolved many new instruments of safeguarding their national interest while the weaker players have been forced to implement their commitments. This has generated asymmetries in the pattern of effective market access in the different countries of the world economy. In the light of the above, our objective in this study is primarily to examine the role of Multilateral trading system under the WTO in promoting international trade of developing countries in general and that of India in particular. The purpose of this paper is (a) to discuss the importance of trade and trading system for developing countries in general and India in particular (b) to discuss the asymmetries exist under the WTO which effect the development
Download or read book Regional Integration and the Global Trading System written by Kym Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses questions surrounding the relationship between regional integration agreements and the global trading system. It has been revised following a conference at the GATT and forms part of the background material for a study in the GATT Secretariat's annual report, "International Trade".
Download or read book Most favoured nation Treatment written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication contains an explanation of Most Favored Nation (MFN) treatment and some of the key issues that arise in its negotiation, particularly the scope and application of MFN treatment to the liberalization and protection of foreign investors in recent treaty practice. The paper provides policy options as regards the traditional application of MFN treatment and identifies reactions by States to the unexpected broad use of MFN treatment, and provides several drafting options, such as specifying or narrowing down the scope of application of MFN treatment to certain types of activities, clarifying the nature of "treatment" under the IIA, clarifying the comparison that an arbitral tribunal needs to undertake as well as a qualification of the comparison "in like circumstances" or excluding its use in investor-State cases.
Download or read book Trade Development and the Environment written by World Trade Organization Secretariat Staff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000-11-24 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the relationships between trade and the environment, and trade and development, have become increasingly complex. The need to reconcile the competing demands of economic growth, economic development, and environmental protection has become central to the multilateral trade agenda. In this volume various commentators debate the role of the World Trade Organization and other institutions in addressing these challenges. The book arises from the papers presented at two High Level Symposia hosted by the World Trade Organization in March 1999, on Trade and the Environment and Trade and Development. The first section of the work focuses on the relationship between trade and the environment. The issues addressed include the need for WTO members to pursue integrated trade and environmental policies in order to achieve sustainable development, ways in which the removal of trade restrictions and distortions can lead to positive environmental and development solutions, the relationship between WTO provisions and trade measures contained in environmental agreements, and the need for transparency and effective interaction between civil society and the trade community. The second section examines the growing importance of developing countries in the global trading system over the last 30 years, and the ways in which the inequalities which persist between countries may be addressed. The papers include discussion of the need for integration of the least-developed countries into the multilateral trading system, the ways in which international institutions may work together to realize the objective of development, the complex role of trade liberalization in development, and the importance of new technologies in accelerating integration between developing and developed countries.
Download or read book The Development Dimension written by James Bacchus and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book critically analyses the World Trade Organization’s approach to "special and differential treatment" (SDT) to argue that it is founded on seeking exemptions from WTO obligations, instead of creating an enabling environment for developing countries to integrate fully into the multilateral trading system. Through six key sections: United States Proposal on Special and Differential Treatment Responses to United States Proposal The Evolution of Differential Treatment Failure of the Current Approach to Differential Treatment Complications Created by China’s Emergence in the Global Economy An Alternative Approach to Differential Treatment this book explores how, by adopting a new evidence-based, case-by-case approach to SDT, the development of the poorest countries can best be advanced, while at the same time ensuring that advanced developing countries carry their weight in the organization. It will be of interest to scholars and students of international trade law and political science, as well as trade practitioners such as lawyers, diplomats, and analysts.
Download or read book Efficiency Equity and Legitimacy written by Roger B. Porter and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-06-23 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multilateral trading system stands at a crossroads. Despite its widely acknowledged contribution to global prosperity over the past half century, the movement toward further liberalization has increasingly been challenged. These essays by leading scholars and trade officials honor Raymond Vernon, one of the architects of the international economic institutions established following the Second World War. The book examines several key issues at the heart of the debate over the multilateral trading system. What are the global efficiency gains from further liberalization? How can efficiency gains be maximized while respecting legitimate claims to sovereignty? Is the trading system affording an equitable distribution of benefits between countries and among various groups within societies? Does civil society have a role in the trading system? What role should the World Trade Organization and its dispute settlement procedures play in resolving disputes and enhancing legitimacy?
Download or read book The World Trading System at the Crossroads written by Peter Nunnenkamp and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WTO Accession for Countries in Transition written by Constantine Michalopoulos and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: June 1998 Accession to the World Trade Organization should be expedited, and the processing time for applications reduced to no more than two years. This would enable the WTO to achieve universal membership in the next five years, a worthwhile objective for the international community. Countries in transition have considered membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) an important step toward integration in the international economic system. After several years of negotiations, five members of the former Soviet Union (FSU)-Armenia, the three Baltic countries, and the Kyrgyz Republic-may become members in 1998. It will probably take longer for Russia, Ukraine, and some others. It takes four to five years to process applications for FSU countries-which is close to average for recent applicants. The five countries expected to accede to the WTO this year are among the more liberal members of the FSU. With those five processed, there will be a backlog of another 26 applications, most them countries in transition, including China and Russia. At the current rate of processing, it will take five to six years to process them-and a decade or more for the 25 or so developing and transition economies that have yet to apply. Processing is time-consuming because: * Legislative requirements needed for accession are time-consuming. * Candidate countries are weak institutionally and unfamiliar with the economic and legal issues to be addressed. * The fact finding process is unneccessarily cumbersome and time-consuming. * Technical assistance to applicants in meeting the requirements for WTO accession is not effectively coordinated. * Addressing the commercial interests of all members requires protracted negotiations. Governments seeking accession must coordinate the legislative and regulatory changes needed in their foreign trade regimes, adopt liberal trade policies, and identify areas of institutional weakness that require delays in implementation of WTO provisions and seek agreement on such delays. WTO members, for their part, should expedite the process, as universal membership is in everyone's best interest. They should: * Agree to suitable, time-bound extensions to allow acceding governments to address institutional weaknesses. * Provide coordinated assistance to acceding countries to strengthen their institutional capacity. * Streamline the fact finding aspects of the accession process and give the WTO secretariat the budgetary resources it needs to work with applicant governments for this purpose. This paper is part of a larger effort of the World Bank to collaborate with the World Trade Organization in developing approaches for the more effective integration of the developing countries and transition economies in the international trading system. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book The EU Factor in the Trade Policies of Central European Countries written by Bart?omiej Kami?ski and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Despite strong protectionist sentiments, trade regimes have remained open in Central European countries invited to negotiate their accession to the European Union. Regional disciplines (the EU factor), combined with the legacy of low tariffs under GATT commitments, appear to have offset domestic protectionist impulses"--Cover.
Download or read book Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition written by Paul Hare and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed – from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.
Download or read book The Threat of Managed Trade to Transforming Economies written by Sylvia Ostry and published by Washington, D.C. : Group of Thirty. This book was released on 1993 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open foreign markets are an essential ingredient in assisting the transformation of the economies of central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union from central planning to the market. Trade represents one of the few reliable engines of growth and employment during the early stages of this process. Yet despite the profound global implications of successful transformation, it is far from certain that western markets will offer the open access that is so badly needed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of managed trade solutions and the breakdown of trade in the former Soviet Empire on the ultimate integration of its constituent states into the world economy and polity.
Download or read book The World Trading System at Risk written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sequel to his work "Protectionism", Professor Bhagwati provides an analysis of the perils and promise facing the post-war global trading system. Embodied in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), this system is currently in turbulence, buffeted by powerful centrifugal forces.
