Download or read book The spider family Micropholcommatidae Arachnida Araneae Araneoidea a relimitation and revision at the generic level written by Mihael G. Rix and published by PenSoft Publishers LTD. This book was released on 2010-02-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Micropholcommatidae are a family of tiny, distinctive araneoid spiders, known from southern-temperate habitats throughout Australasia and Chile. The greatest abundance of individuals and the largest diversity of taxa occur in the cool-temperate rainforests of south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where micropholcommatid spiders can be very common within moss and leaf litter microhabitats. Although poorly studied biologically and largely neglected taxonomically, the Micropholcommatidae are a diverse lineage, with a significantÿ The monograph in this volume presents a complete generic-level revision of the spider family Micropholcommatidae. The phylogenetic position and internal phylogeny of the family are tested with two separate morphological cladistic analyses, the results of which inform a comprehensive generic-level classification. In total, 26 new species, 12 new genera, one new tribe and two new subfamilies are described, taking the total documented micropholcommatid fauna to 58 species. The distribution and Gondwanan biogeography of the family are also discussed, and natural history information is provided where known. Most importantly, the results of this paper present a taxonomic framework and a phylogenetic foundation for all future research on the Micropholcommatidae; a template by which new species can be described and existing species can be identified, and a valuable dataset for exploring phylogenetic hypotheses.
Download or read book Spider Research in the 21st Century written by David Penney and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result is a great increase in multi-disciplinary research and novel avenues incorporating spiders as model organisms.
Download or read book Fossil Spiders written by David Penney and published by Siri Scientific Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to insects, fossil spiders have received only scant attention in the literature. Previously, the only works available were numerous scientific papers, many published in foreign languages. Most of these are basic descriptive taxonomic works, with very few considering broader biological concepts. Despite a significant increase in the discovery and description of fossil spiders within the last quarter Century this void remained unfilled. Thus, this short monograph aims to achieve several objectives. Firstly, to provide general and up to date background information on the overall importance and diversity of fossils spiders, including an indication of those groups for which the taxonomy is spurious and in need of reassessment. Secondly, to discuss the techniques available for working with fossil spiders and some of the problems encountered by palaeoarachnologists, including bias and limitations of the spider fossil record. Thirdly, the overall evolutionary history of spiders is summarized in the form of an evolutionary tree, which is subsequently used to address key issues of broad interest, such as origins, diversifications and extinctions, including the effects of mass extinctions and predator-prey co-radiations. Finally, the contribution that fossil data can make to understanding the past and present biogeography of the order is considered. This book should be of interest to both amateur and professional arachnologists and palaeontologists and will also serve as a general palaeontological reference work for neonologists studying extant spiders.
Download or read book Zoogeography of Arachnida written by Petar Beron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 995 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume merges all geographical and paleogeographical data on all groups of the arachnofauna. The book features topics such as the ecological factors, climate and other barriers that influence the distribution of arachnida. It also elaborates on the characteristics of the distribution such as arachnida at high altitude (e.g. Himalaya), in caves, in polar regions and highlights differences between the arachnofauna of e.g. Mediterranean regions vs Central Europe, West African vs Indomalayan and more. Furthermore, amongst other topics the volume also includes chapters on the systems of arachnida, fossil orders, dispersal and dispersion, endemics and relicts, regional arachnogeography, cave and high altitude arachnida.
Download or read book Taxonomy and Systematics of the Australian Micropholcommatidae Arachnida written by Michael G. Rix and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Truncated abstract] The southern-temperate spider family Micropholcommatidae is a poorly-studied taxon of uncertain limits and uncertain affinities. Since the first Australian species were described in the early twentieth century, and the family was erected in 1944, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of the Micropholcommatidae have been the subject of ongoing debate. Various phylogenetic hypotheses have been proposed for the family, but these hypotheses have never been tested with a robust phylogenetic analysis a problem compounded by the inadequate state and confusing history of micropholcommatid taxonomy. To address the many gaps in our understanding of micropholcommatid interrelationships, this thesis will present a comprehensive systematic treatment of the family. Using a combination of molecular phylogenetic, morphological cladistic and taxonomic methods, micropholcommatid diversity is documented and tested at multiple systematic levels, with an alpha-taxonomic and biogeographic focus on the diverse Australian fauna. The taxonomic contribution is substantial throughout, with one new family, two new subfamilies, one new tribe, 14 new genera and 37 new species described. A combined molecular phylogenetic study is presented in Chapter 2, as a 'first pass' exploration of the monophyly, limits and phylogenetic position of the family Micropholcommatidae. The analyses incorporated 50 ingroup spider species, including 23 micropholcommatid taxa, with nucleotide sequences obtained from two nuclear ribosomal RNA genes (18S and 28S). ...The new subfamily Gigiellinae is also described for two enigmatic species in the newly-described genus Gigiella, known only from the temperate Nothofagus rainforests of south-eastern Australia and southern Chile. As a final contribution to micropholcommatid taxonomy, and as an extension to the cladistic analyses presented in Chapter 5, the new spider family Teutoniellidae is proposed in Chapter 6 for three genera from South America, South Africa and Australia. Teutoniellid monophyly is evidenced by at least two unambiguous synapomorphies, and the morphology of the family is described in relation to other symphytognathidan and EbCY spider taxa. The nominate genus Teutoniella is redescribed to include three species from South America, along with an additional new species from Tasmania. Two new teutoniellid genera are also described, each for a single new species from South Africa: Inflaticrus ansieae is described from the Langeberg Range, east of Cape Town; and Woldius hennigi is described from near Pietermaritzburg, north-west of Durban. In summary, this thesis provides a taxonomic and phylogenetic framework for all future research on micropholcommatid spiders. It presents new data on the phylogeny, phylogenetic position, composition, biogeography, molecular evolution and natural history of a previously poorly-known group of spiders, and highlights a number of remaining gaps in our knowledge of micropholcommatid and araneoid systematics. As a novel contribution to scholarship, this thesis synthesises taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses at multiple systematic levels, and tests those hypotheses with original, combined datasets.
Download or read book Revision of the Spider Family Stenochilidae Arachnida Araneae American Museum Novitates written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A revision and cladistic analysis of the spider family Pimoidea Araneoidea Araneae written by Gustavo Hormiga and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of the Spider Family Symphytognathidae Arachnida Araneae written by Raymond R. Forster and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Generic Revision of the Spider Family Zodariidae Araneae written by R. Jocqué and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The family Zodariidae is revised at the generic level. All available type specimens of species were examined. The family history is reviewed, morphology is described, and polarity of the character variations is established. The phylogeny for the genera is derived from a cladistic analysis using HENNIG86. A list of all generic names used in Zodariidae and a key to the genera are provided. Zodariidae is diagnosed by the absence of a serrula, the presence of lateral teeth on the tarsal claws, long anterior spinnerets, and the burrowing habit. Six subfamilies are recognized: Cyriocteinae, new subfamily, Lachesaninae, new subfamily, Cydrelinae Simon, Storenomorphinae Simon, Storeninae Simon and Zodariinae Simon. The family contains 47 genera, 13 of which are new: Antillorena (type Storena pollii Simon), Aschema (type A. pallida, new species), Asteron (type A. reticulatum, new species), Forsterella (type Forsterella faceta, new species), Madrela (type M. madrela, new species), Nostera (type N. lynx, new species), Platnickia (type Drassus elegans Nicolet), Psammoduon (type Caesetius deserticola Simon), Psammorygma (type P. caligata, new species), Ranops (type R. caprivi, new species), Storamia (type Storena meadii O.P.-Cambridge), Storosa (type S. obscura, new species), and Suffasia (type Suffucia tigrina Simon). Thirteen new generic synonymies are established: Suffucia Simon and Doosia Kishida with Asceua Thorell; Hyltoniella Mello-Leitão and Valcheta Mello-Leitão with Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão; Langbiana Hogg with Mallinella Strand; Tijucaia Mello-Leitão and Naibena Chamberlin with Tenedos O.P.-Cambridge; Patiscana Strand with Cicynethus Simon; Cydrelichus Pocock and Tryssoclitus Simon with Caesetius Simon; Systenoplacis Simon with Capheris Simon; Zodariellum Andreeva and Tyschenko with Acanthinozodium Denis; Hermippella Lessert with Palfuria Simon. The following genera were removed from the Zodariidae and transferred to the family in brackets: Arushina Caporiacco (Clubionidae), Hoplolathys Caporiacco (Dictynidae), Mevianops Mello-Leitão (Agelenidae), Tymbira Mello-Leitão (Amaurobiidae), and Zodariops Mello-Leitão (Gnaphosidae). The status of Cryptothele L. Koch is uncertain. Nanahua Badcock and Tristichops Taczanowski remain incertae sedis"--P. 4.
Download or read book A Revision and Cladistic Analysis of the Spider Family Pimoidae Araneoidea Araneae written by Gustavo Hormiga and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecophysiology of Spiders written by Wolfgang Nentwig and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently another book on insect physiology was published. It was restricted to a few focal points as are many of these new insect physiology books, but there was considerable depth in its specialized point of view. We were dis cussing the structure of this book and of insect physiology books, in general, when Prof. Remmert asked me " . . . and what about books on spider physio logy?" Silence. Then I started to explain "oh yes, there is a congress pro ceedings volume on this topic and there is a group with excellent publica tions on another topic . . . ", but I felt that this answer was weak. One can no longer buy the proceedings volume in a bookshop and to read a series of publications on a given topic one must search in a library for a dozen journals. Why is there not a single book on spider physiology comparable with the many books on insect physiology? Are spiders a scientific ivory tower, far from public interest and commercial importance? I do not think so, although spiders are one of the many "forgotten" animal groups which always grew in the shadow of the insects. There are research groups working on spider physiology, there are fascinating phenomena in this animal group and there are plenty of exciting results. Spiders may have been always underresearch ed, but research is progressing. In the last few years, new books have been published, e. g.
Download or read book The Limits and Phylogeny of the Araneoidea Arachnida Araneae written by Karin Schütt and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spider Families of the World written by Rudy Jocqué and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise overview and descriptions of the 107 spider families that are presently recognized. It contains identification keys to the families and to the different kinds of spider webs, and shortcuts to remarkable types of spiders.
Download or read book Generic Revision of the Spider Family Zodariidae Araneae Bulletin of the AMNH written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cladistics written by Ian J. Kitching and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematics underpins all of biology. Cladistics is a method of systematic classification that aims to reconstruct genealogies based on common ancestry, thus revealing the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. Its applications vary from linguistic analysis to the study of conservation and biodiversity, and it has become a method of choice for comparative studies in all fields of biology. For all students interested in the systematic relationships among organisms, this book provides an integrated, state-of-the-art account of the techniques and methods of modern cladistics, and how to put them into practice.
Download or read book A Relimitation and Revision of the Australasian Ground Spider Family Lamonidae Araneae written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Suborders of Spiders written by Norman I. Platnick and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
