Download or read book The Spatial temporal Relation Between Malaria Mosquitoes and Environmental Variables in the Majete Perimeter in Malawi written by Janna Jilesen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Malaria Mosquitoes written by Hans Overgaard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Remotely Sensed Environmental Variables for Predicting Malaria Cases in Nkomazi Municipality South Africa written by Abiodun Morakinyo Adeola and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The national department of health is targeting the year 2018 for the elimination of malaria which is mainly endemic in the low altitude (below 1200 m) regions of Mpumalanga, Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal located in the North-eastern part of South Africa. To develop effective malaria control strategies, it requires the analysis of vector s habitat, detail understanding of the environmental and climatic associates, good knowledge of the socio-demographic factors among others. The aim of this study is to create a model that can integrate remotely derived environmental factors with malaria cases and social (population) factors for effective monitoring and forecasting of incidences of malaria. The aim is to be achieved through set objectives which include; 1) to appraise the use of remote sensing and GIS technologies for malaria study in South Africa, 2) to determine the spatial distribution of mosquito habitats and areas that are prone to epidemics in Nkomazi municipality, 3) to evaluate the link between environmental factors and incidences of malaria and the population at risk using GIS and RS, 4) to predict the seasonal and spatio-temporal variability of incidences of malaria. Results from this study indicated that space and time are key factors in the epidemiology of malaria, to determine spatial and temporal windows of opportunities for elimination strategies. However, there is a limited understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamic of this transmission and of the spatial factors that includes environment, meteorology and social. Until now, satellite earth observation data which provides uniformity, rapid measurements and data continuity that allows for the collection of data over large areas, which cannot be accessed by other means has not been used extensively in the understanding of the spatial-temporal dynamics of malaria in South Africa. In addition, using data from earth and meteorological observing satellites, in particular, Landsat, MODIS and TRMM and notified malaria cases acquired from the malaria control programme in Mpumalanga. This study found that satellite-derived climatic/environmental factors such as Rainfall from TRMM, NDVI, EVI, NDWI and LST from both Landsat and MODIS are associated with malaria incidence. Furthermore, it was found that irrigation activities (agriculture) in the study is largely associated with malaria incidence. In addition, the study found that the economically active population (age 15 64) are the most at risk of malaria infection. The population in Komatipoort village are mostly 4exendangered with lot of imported malaria cases from Mozambique and Swaziland. Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average models (SARIMA) was developed. The level of prediction, either under-prediction where predicted is less than observed or over-prediction where predicted is greater than observed, are within 10% of the notified malaria cases for all predictions across the 5 villages. Hence, the study, if implemented will strengthen the existing control measures for proper targeting and effective distribution of the scare resources towards malaria elimination and subsequent eradication.

Download or read book Environmental Factors and Malaria Transmission Risk written by Yazoumé Yé and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fifth Millennium Development target of reducing infant mortality by two thirds by the year 2015 can only be achieved if mortality due to malaria is significantly reduced.This book addresses this issue by developing an innovative methodology and modeling used to assess local scale malaria risk using environmental factors. The detailed description of this pioneering methodology enables scientists to replicate the study elsewhere in different settings.

Download or read book Spatial Temporal and Socioeconomic Risk Factors of Malaria in Children from the Ashanti Region Ghana written by Anne Caroline Krefis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanistic Modelling of the Links Between Environment Mosquitoes and Malaria Transmission in the Current and Future Climates of West Africa written by Teresa Keiko Yamana and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria transmission in West Africa is closely tied to climate, as rain fed water pools provide breeding habitat for the anopheles mosquito vector, and temperature affects the mosquito's ability to spread disease. This thesis presents a framework of highly detailed, spatially explicit mechanistic modelling to explore the relationships between the environment and malaria in the current and future climate of West Africa. A mechanistic model of human immunity was incorporated into an existing agent-based model of malaria transmission, allowing us to move beyond entomological measures such as mosquito density and vectorial capacity to analyzing the prevalence of the malaria parasite within human populations. The result is a novel modelling tool that mechanistically simulates all of the key processes linking environment to malaria transmission. Simulations were conducted across climate zones in West Africa, linking temperature and rainfall to entomological and epidemiological variables with a focus on nonlinearities due to threshold effects and interannual variability. Comparisons to observations from the region confirmed that the model provides a reasonable representation of the entomological and epidemiological conditions in this region. While current generation climate models agree that mean temperatures in West Africa will likely increase by 2 to 4° C in the future by the end of the 21st century, they disagree on the magnitude and the direction of the change in rainfall. We analyzed the performance of CMIP5 climate models in simulating West African rainfall and temperature before selecting the most credible predictions of future climate. We used these predictions to simulate the expected change in malaria transmission in sensitive regions of West Africa. We found that the western subregion of West Africa is likely to become drier in the coming decades. The warmer temperatures will shorten mosquito life spans, and the drying will limit mosquito reproduction. As a result, we expect malaria transmission in this region to decrease. However, the eastern half of the region is expected to become wetter. In some areas, the positive effects of increased rainfall on mosquito reproduction may surpass the negative effects of high temperatures on mosquito longevity, leading to a small net increase in environmental suitability for malaria transmission.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Environmental Variables for Mapping Malaria Distribution written by Oupa Ermos Malahlela and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases common in the warm, moist tropics of the world. Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of malaria in human, and it is transmitted to human through the bite of a female Anopheline mosquito especially in Africa. It is estimated that approximately 490 000 deaths from malaria were reported in 2015, with over 90% of such cases reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. The global elimination of this disease is one of the most expensive investments that demands cooperation of various disciplines and entities including health, science, technology, political leadership, finance and general country's administration. In recent years, attempts were made to characterize the potential breeding sites of Anopheline mosquitoes in order to set baseline for elimination strategies. On the other hand, there is an urgent need to refine malaria mapping methods for updated early-warning and target systems. Mapping of malaria in relation to various environmental and topographical factors is highly advantageous and complements the hospital malaria count and clinical approaches because such environmental-based methods take into account changes in malaria transmission as a result habitat and seasonal and long-term changes in climate and environment. In addition, in very remote areas where there is limited or no access of malaria count data the spatial mapping of malaria becomes crucial for understanding malaria distribution in such isolated areas. The traditional mapping of potential malaria vector habitats is done through field surveys, which are often laborious and time-consuming. The advent of high resolution datasets from earth observation satellites, offers opportunities for accurate mapping of malaria vector habitats for wide areas. The aim of this study was to map the potential habitats of malaria vector (An. arabiensis and An. fenestus) using remote sensing approaches in Vhembe District Municipality of South Africa. Both Landsat TM and Sentinel-2 datasets were used in the study area. Findings from this study indicate that the distribution of P. falciparum is positively correlated to vegetation moisture and greenness. On the other hand, remote sensing data such as that of Sentinel-2 has shown high correlation to the distribution of cattle hoofprints which are known habitats of malaria vectors. It has also beenbig data shown in this study that the remote sensing spectral indices such as those based on broadband reflectances are paramount to characterizing the resting places of An. complex. In an effort to contributing to the indigenous knowledge system (IKS) for repelling malaria vectors common at the study area, this study also showed the feasibility of high spatial resolution Sentinel-2 to map the distribution of Lippia javanica used commonly in the Vhembe District. Findings from this study will give insight into the potential habitats of malaria-causing mosquitoes and aid in efforts aimed at eliminating malaria in the Vhembe District.

Download or read book The Spatial Distribution of Mosquitoes Related to the Environment on Rusinga Island Western Kenya written by C. Vreugdenhil and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SolarMal project on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, aims to eliminate malaria by reducing the mosquito population, using a new developed mosquito trap which will be installed at all households on the island. The effect of the installed traps is monitored by sampling mosquitoes from randomly selected selected households on the island during the whole duration of the project. This thesis project aims to support the SolarMal project by performing spatial analysis to the distribution of mosquitoes in relation to the environment on Rusinga Island. Environmental variables were searched that are, according to literature, potential determinants of mosquito presence. Second, potential determinants were validated against the mosquito distribution on Rusinga Island. Third, the fitness of the available spatial data, both environmental and mosquito catches, to relate with each other, was examined. In order to study the environment of the island, an elevation map (30 m. ASTER) and a satellite image (2,4 m QuickBird) were available for the creation (in ArcGIS 10.2) of 14 environmental variables, for example the slope and topographical wetness index of the area. These environmental variables were related (within the R environment) to a spatial dataset consisting one year of mosquito catches. This study shows that there are only weak correlations (R2

Download or read book Spatial temporal Distribution of Mosquito Larval Hot Spots in Papoli Uganda written by Ryan Edward Tokarz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The steps necessary to develop a sustainable community-based mosquito control program as well as the outcomes from the program in Papoli are described in this thesis. Incorporating such a system would be effective, economically efficient, and environmentally friendly, further benefitting the quality of life within the community of interest.

Download or read book Model based Geostatistics written by Peter Diggle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first book-length treatment of model-based geostatistics. The text is expository, emphasizing statistical methods and applications rather than the underlying mathematical theory. Analyses of datasets from a range of scientific contexts feature prominently, and simulations are used to illustrate theoretical results. Readers can reproduce most of the computational results in the book by using the authors' software package, geoR, whose usage is illustrated in a computation section at the end of each chapter. The book assumes a working knowledge of classical and Bayesian methods of inference, linear models, and generalized linear models.

Download or read book Towards Malaria Elimination written by Sylvie Manguin and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Towards Malaria Elimination - A Leap Forward was started to mark the occasion for renewed commitment to end malaria transmission for good (the WHO's call for "Malaria Free World" by 2030). This book is dedicated for the benefit of researchers, scientists, program and policy managers, students and anyone interested in malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases with the goal of sharing recent information on success stories, innovative control approaches and challenges in different regions of the world. Some main issues that emerged included multidrug-resistant malaria and pandemic risk, vaccines, cross-border malaria, asymptomatic parasite reservoir, the threat of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi, insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and outdoor malaria transmission. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, highlighting the constraints, challenges, accomplishments and prospects of malaria elimination.

Download or read book A Supplement to the Anophelinae of Africa South of the Sahara Afrotropical Region written by M. T. Gillies and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mosquito Ecology written by John B. Silver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 1486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third Edition of this popular reference work describes the methods and rationale for sampling mosquitoes. Originally written by Professor M. W. Service, the book has been updated by John B Silver. More than 1,000 new references have been added and out-of-date material has been removed. The book emphasizes the ecology and behavior of those species that play a role as vectors of human and animal diseases and infections. Designed to serve as a practical reference for field entomologists and mosquito control specialists, it describes sampling methods and trapping technologies and tools for the collection of mosquitoes from egg to adult.

Download or read book Environmental Measures for Malaria Control in Indonesia written by W. Takken and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistical Analysis of Spatial Point Patterns written by Peter Diggle and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 2003 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new edition of the classic monograph, published in 1983, that described those statistical methods that are used to analyse spatial data. This edition has been entirely updated with the latest developments in the analysis of spatial data which have grown to become a large area of concern in environmental and epidemiological research. There is a website connected with the volume that contains additional data sets and a new chapter on spatial epidemiology. It is appropriate for graduate level statisticians in various disciplines.

Download or read book Clinical Tropical Medicine written by Kevin M. Cahill and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Dark Side of Kalahari written by Hannes Lochner and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dark side of the Kalahari is Hannes Lochner's third and latest addition to his book collection. He recently returned from a two year, 100 000 Km journey in the Kalahari (Kgalagadi) Desert, capturing the life of a single leopard female and her struggle to raise cubs in this extremely harsh environment.