Download or read book The South China Sea Thermohaline Structure and Circulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the authors used the Navy's Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set (MOODS), consisting of 116,019 temperature and 9,617 salinity profiles, during 1968-1984 to investigate the temporal and spatial variabilities of South China Sea thermohaline structures and circulation. For temperature, profiles were binned into 204 monthly data sets from 1968 to 1984 (17 years). For salinity, profiles were binned into 12 climatological monthly data sets due to the data paucity. A two-scale optimal interpolation method was used to establish a three-dimensional, monthly varying gridded data set from MOODS, covering the area of 5 degrees to 25 degrees N and 105 degrees to 125 degrees E and the depth from the surface to 400 m. After the gridded data set had been established, both composite analysis and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis (for temperature only) were used to identify the major thermohaline features, including annual mean, monthly anomalies, and interannual thermal variabilities. The inverted monthly circulation pattern using the P-vector method also is discussed.
Download or read book The South China Sea Thermohaline Structure and Circulation written by Binbing Ma and published by . This book was released on 1998-09-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The minimum curvature with spline method was used to establish a three-dimensional monthly-varying gridded data from the Navy's Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set (approximate 189,000 profiles), covering the area of 5 deg N - 25 deg N and 105 deg E - 125 deg E and from the surface to 400 m depth. For temperature, profiles were binned into 204 monthly data sets from 1968 to 1984 (17 years). Because of the paucity of salinity data, salinity profiles were binned into 12 climatological monthly data sets, and the monthly climatological mean was computed. After the gridded data set had been established, both composite analysis and the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis were used to identity the major thermohaline features. The first EOF mode accounts for 26.7% of the variance and represents the seasonal variation. The second EOF mode accounts for 17.7% of the variance and represents the interannual SCS warning/cooling phases. Furthermore, the P-vector method was used to invert three-dimensional velocity fields from the analyzed temperature and salinity data. Important dynamical processes, including th Kuroshio intrusion, the western boundary current (counter-current), the cross basin current (undercounter-current), the mesoscale eddies, and the basin gyre are identified.
Download or read book Studies of the South China Sea Circulation and Thermal Structure Using a Three Dimensional Numerical Model written by Nathan L. Edmons and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The seasonal ocean circulation and thermal structure in the South China Sea (SCS) were studied numerically using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) with 20 km horizontal resolution and 23 sigma levels conforming to a realistic bottom topography. A sixteen month control run was performed using climatological monthly mean wind stresses and restoring type salt and heat fluxes as surface forcing terms and observational oceanic inflow/outflow at the open boundaries. The seasonally averaged effects of isolated forcing terms are presented and analyzed from the following experiments: 1) non-linear effects removed, 2) wind effects removed, 3) open boundary inflow/outflow set to zero, and 4) open boundary inflow/outflow doubled. This procedure allowed analysis of spatial and temporal contributions of the isolated parameter to the general hydrology of the SCS and some of its specific features. A coastal jet is identified and analyzed, as are a mesoscale topographic gyre and several counter currents. Non-linearity is shown to be important to the energy and volume transport of baroclinic eddy features, but otherwise insignificant. Boundary transport from open lateral boundaries is determined to be of considerable importance to summer circulation and thermal structure, with little effect found for the winter monsoon hydrology. In general, monsoonal circulation patterns and upwelling phenomena are determined and forced by the wind, while boundary transport effects play a secondary role in determining the magnitude of the circulation velocities.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Air Sea Interaction in the South China Sea written by Dongxiao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes achievements of the study on circulation and air–sea interaction and development of the ocean observation network in the South China Sea in the last 20 years, thus serving as a comprehensive reference book to understand the dynamic environment in the SCS. It consists of seven chapters, briefly reviewing our understanding of the SCS circulation and air–sea interaction in chapter 1, then describing in detail the upper layer circulation from large scale (SCS through flow, SCS western boundary current, etc.), to meso- and submeso-scale in Chapters 2 and 5, dilute river plume and coastal upwelling over the shelf in Chapter 3, deep ocean circulation in Chapter 4, tropical cyclone activities and air–sea flux at the interface in Chapter 6, and the construction of the observation network and database in Chapter 7. Besides the basic features of these physical processes, the book also discusses their variations and fundamental dynamics. Thus, it is written in a way that meets the different information demands from researchers working in various marine related fields.
Download or read book Regional Oceanography Of The South China Sea written by Jianyu Hu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to share newly obtained results and information on regional oceanography of the South China Sea by leading experts in fields such as water mass, circulation, mesoscale eddies, near-inertial motion, upwelling, mixing, continental shelf waves, internal waves and fronts. These comprehensive results can provide new insights on global and regional climate change.
Download or read book P Vector Inverse Method written by Peter C. Chu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-15 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major task for physical oceanographers is to determine the movement of oceanic water from observations. This book introduces the P-vector inverse method, with a two-step determination of the velocity from hydrographic data. The book provide insights into the basics of the P-vector inverse method and the features of the inverted global and regional ocean circulations. Upper undergraduate and graduate students as well as oceanographers, marine biologists and other environmental scientists will find this book a valuable tool for their studies.
Download or read book Physical Oceanography of the Southeast Asian Waters written by Klaus Wyrtki and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Biogeochemistry of the East Asian Marginal Seas written by SungHyun Nam and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Exchange and Circulation written by Miroslav Gacic and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions—particularly from fossil fuel-powered vehicles and airplanes by means of weight savings and leaner fuel consumption, helps to restrain environmental impacts. In general, for a variety of industries, and specifically in the case of transport, where both weight savings and increased energy efficiency are pursued, the use of metal–polymer multi-material structures has been growing at an increasing and particularly fast pace in recent years. Several manufacturing techniques have been, or are being, developed, with the aim of being used for producing dissimilar materials in cost-efficient manners. This book presents recent developments in the state of the art of advanced additive manufacturing and the joining of metal–polymer multi-material structures in transportation. This publication mainly focuses on the correlations between microstructure, manufacturing process (i.e., AddJoining, adhesive bonding, friction riveting, friction-based staking and friction spot joining) properties, and the mechanical performance of metal–polymer multi-material structures.
Download or read book The Oceanic Thermohaline Circulation written by Hendrik M. van Aken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a global hydrographic description of the thermohaline circulation, an introduction to the theoretical aspects of this phenomenon, and observational evidence for the theory. The hydrographic description and the observational evidence are based on data sources available via internet, mainly from the World Oceanographic Experiment (WOCE). The book also offers an introduction to hydrographic analysis and interpretation.
Download or read book Oceanology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IUTAM Symposium on Advances in Mathematical Modelling of Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics written by P.F. Hodnett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals ofthe Symposium were to highlight advances in modelling ofatmosphere and ocean dynamics, to provide a forum where atmosphere and ocean scientists could present their latest research results and learn ofprogress and promising ideas in these allied disciplines; to facilitate interaction between theory and applications in atmosphere/ocean dynamics. These goals were seen to be especially important in view ofcurrent efforts to model climate requiring models which include interaction between atmosphere, ocean and land influences. Participants were delighted with the diversity ofthe scientific programme; the opportunity to meet fellow scientists from the other discipline (either atmosphere or ocean) with whom they do not normally interact through their own discipline; the opportunity to meet scientists from many countries other than their own; the opportunity to hear significant presentations (50 minutes) from the keynote speakers on a range ofrelevant topics. Certainly the goal ofcreating a forum for exchange between atmosphere and ocean scientists who need to input to create realistic models for climate prediction was achieved by the Symposium and this goal will hopefully be further advanced by the publication ofthese Proceedings.
Download or read book Observation of the Earth and Its Environment written by Herbert J. Kramer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 989 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In sum, I believe that every organization active in remote sensing will find Dr. Kramer's book to be an essential addition to its technical library, and I believe that every serious practitioner of remote sensing will find it a permanently useful and vital reference." John H. McElroy, Dean of Engineering, The University of Texas and Chair of the Committee on Earth studies of the U.S. National Research Council's Space Studies Board)
Download or read book The South China Sea written by Pinxian Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-27 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pinxian Wang and Qianyu Li The South China Sea (SCS) (Fig. 1. 1) offers a special attraction for Earth scientists world-wide because of its location and its well-preserved hemipelagic sediments. As the largest one of the marginal seas separating Asia from the Paci?c, the largest continent from the largest ocean, the SCS functions as a focal point in land-sea int- actions of the Earth system. Climatically, the SCS is located between the Western Paci?c Warm Pool, the centre of global heating at the sea level, and the Tibetan Plateau, the centre of heating at an altitude of 5,000m. Geomorphologically, the SCS lies to the east of the highest peak on earth, Zhumulangma or Everest in the Himalayas (8,848m elevation) and to the west of the deepest trench in the ocean, Philippine Trench (10,497m water depth) (Wang P. 2004). Biogeographically, the SCS belongs to the so-called “East Indies Triangle” where modern marine and terrestrial biodiversity reaches a global maximum (Briggs 1999). Among the major marginal sea basins from the west Paci?c, the SCS presents some of the best conditions for accumulating complete paleoclimatic records in its hemipelagic deposits. These records are favorable for high-resolution pa- oceanographic studies because of high sedimentation rates and good carbonate preservation. It may not be merely a coincidence that two cores from the southern 14 SCS were among the ?rst several cores in the world ocean used by AMS C dating for high-resolution stratigraphy (Andree et al. 1986; Broecker et al. 1988).
Download or read book Coastal Environment Disaster and Infrastructure written by X. San Liang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The coastal environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate and is currently a great societal concern. This book provides a selected collection of papers on coastal environmental change, coastal disasters, and coastal infrastructure due to global warming, with a focus on the coasts of the rapidly developing country China. What makes the book distinctly different from others is its diversity, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of coastal problems. With contributions from over 30 authors, the book is a comprehensive account of diverse topics, such as coastal upwelling, estuarine processes, coastal pollution, sea level rise, meteorological and atmospheric problems, urbanization and the heat island effect, and coastal infrastructure, to name just a few, from theoretical study and phenomenological description, to methodological development. This book is expected to serve as a relatively comprehensive reference for coastal researchers, graduate students, as well as policymakers and coastal resource managers.
Download or read book Ocean Circulation written by Rui Xin Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It provides a concise introduction to the dynamics and thermodynamics of oceanic general circulation.
Download or read book High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean written by Kevin Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly relevant text documents the first international meeting focused specifically on high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic modeling. It was held recently at the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Rather than producing a standard conference proceedings volume, the editors have decided to compose this volume entirely of papers written by invited speakers at the meeting, who report on their most exciting recent results involving high resolution modeling.
