Download or read book Science Policy and the Value Free Ideal written by Heather E. Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
Download or read book Social Science for What written by Mark Solovey and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the NSF became an important yet controversial patron for the social sciences, influencing debates over their scientific status and social relevance. In the early Cold War years, the U.S. government established the National Science Foundation (NSF), a civilian agency that soon became widely known for its dedication to supporting first-rate science. The agency's 1950 enabling legislation made no mention of the social sciences, although it included a vague reference to "other sciences." Nevertheless, as Mark Solovey shows in this book, the NSF also soon became a major--albeit controversial--source of public funding for them.
Download or read book Social Science Under Debate written by Mario Bunge and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bunge contends that social science research has fallen prey to a postmodern fascination with irrationalism and relativism. He urges social scientists to re-examine the philosophy and the methodology at the base of their discipline.
Download or read book Federal Policy Plans and Organization for Science and Technology Hearings Before 93 2 written by United States. Congress. House. Science and Astronautics Committee and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Policy Plans and Organization for Science and Technology written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearings Reports and Prints of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Social Implications of the Scientific and Technological Revolution written by Unesco and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UNESCO pub. Conference report on the social implications of advancement in science and technological change, with particular reference to relationships to the social sciences - presents papers concerning the social functions of science and science policy, technology and social change, conditions in developing countries, philosophical problems of technological advancement, etc. Annotated bibliography pp. 377 to 379, diagrams and references. Conference held in prague 1976 September 6 to 10.
Download or read book How Does Social Science Work written by Paul Diesing and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 1992-03-15 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The culmination of a lifetime spent in a variety of fields - sociology, anthropology, economics, psychology, and philosophy of science - How Does Social Science Work? takes an innovative, sometimes iconoclastic look at social scientists at work in many disciplines. It describes how they investigate and the kinds of truth they produce, illuminating the weaknesses and dangers inherent in their research.At once an analysis, a critique, and a synthesis, this major study begins by surveying philosophical approaches to hermeneutics, to examine the question of how social science ought to work. It illustrates many of its arguments with untraditional examples, such as the reception of the work of the political biographer Robert Caro to show the hermeneutical problems of ethnographers. The major part of the book surveys sociological, political, and psychological studies of social science to get a rounded picture of how social science works,Paul Diesling warns that "social science exists between two opposite kinds of degeneration, a value-free professionalism that lives only for publications that show off the latest techniques, and a deep social concern that uses science for propaganda." He argues for greater self-awareness and humility among social scientists, although he notes that "some social scientists . . . will angrily reject the thought that their personality affects their research in any way."This profound and sometimes witty book will appeal to students and practitioners in the social sciences who are ready to take a fresh look at their field. An extensive bibliography provides a wealth of references across an array of social science disciplines.
Download or read book Government and Research written by Maurice Kogan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *Penetration of normally inaccessible processes of government *Close-grained empirical study of government-science interaction *New conceptualisation of key processes and relationships *Testing theories of science and government through detailed fieldwork *Illumination of issues of concern to current research policymakers in many systems
Download or read book Exaggerated Claims written by David Walker and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2015-11-30 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "David Walker’s analysis is incisive and hard hitting. Anyone who believes in the power of social science to inform better policy making should take his criticisms seriously." - Sue Duncan, Former Chief Government Social Researcher and Head of the Government Social Research Service "David Walker has written an unofficial summary of ESRC′s achievements and struggles. He brings to the task long experience of the organisation and of the key players, a great familiarity with the literature and a sceptical nature. The result is stimulating, instructive, contentious and sometimes even infuriating." - David Rhind, Chair of the Nuffield Foundation What is the role of the state in distributing research money? How do ′arm′s-length′ funding agencies relate to public policy and business? This original study looks at the main social science funding agency in the UK, which was established 50 years ago. It examines how funding decisions are related to power. The ′critical′ and ‘policy′ aspects of successful research bids are discussed. Walker asks the tricky question, why has social science research not achieved a more salient role in state policy formation and management strategy: is the funding agency responsible? Insightful, engrossing and highly original, the book will be required reading for anyone who has written or will write a Social Science research bid and, more widely, for students of power, knowledge and culture.
Download or read book Communicating Science Effectively written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and technology are embedded in virtually every aspect of modern life. As a result, people face an increasing need to integrate information from science with their personal values and other considerations as they make important life decisions about medical care, the safety of foods, what to do about climate change, and many other issues. Communicating science effectively, however, is a complex task and an acquired skill. Moreover, the approaches to communicating science that will be most effective for specific audiences and circumstances are not obvious. Fortunately, there is an expanding science base from diverse disciplines that can support science communicators in making these determinations. Communicating Science Effectively offers a research agenda for science communicators and researchers seeking to apply this research and fill gaps in knowledge about how to communicate effectively about science, focusing in particular on issues that are contentious in the public sphere. To inform this research agenda, this publication identifies important influences â€" psychological, economic, political, social, cultural, and media-related â€" on how science related to such issues is understood, perceived, and used.
Download or read book Science for Policy Handbook written by Vladimir Sucha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science for Policy Handbook provides advice on how to bring science to the attention of policymakers. This resource is dedicated to researchers and research organizations aiming to achieve policy impacts. The book includes lessons learned along the way, advice on new skills, practices for individual researchers, elements necessary for institutional change, and knowledge areas and processes in which to invest. It puts co-creation at the centre of Science for Policy 2.0, a more integrated model of knowledge-policy relationship. Covers the vital area of science for policymaking Includes contributions from leading practitioners from the Joint Research Centre/European Commission Provides key skills based on the science-policy interface needed for effective evidence-informed policymaking Presents processes of knowledge production relevant for a more holistic science-policy relationship, along with the types of knowledge that are useful in policymaking
Download or read book National Science Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Science Policy H Con Res 666 Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Science Research and Development 91 2 July 7 8 21 22 23 28 29 August 4 5 11 12 13 September 15 16 and 17 1970 written by United States. Congress. House. Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources Survey System written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 2738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Science Policy H Con Res 666 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Bibliography of British History 1914 1989 written by Keith Robbins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing over 25,000 entries, this unique volume will be absolutely indispensable for all those with an interest in Britain in the twentieth century. Accessibly arranged by theme, with helpful introductions to each chapter, a huge range of topics is covered. There is a comprehensiveindex.
