Download or read book Smart Rotor Modeling written by Leonardo Bergami and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A smart rotor is a wind turbine rotor that, through a combination of sensors, control units and actuators actively reduces the variation of the aerodynamic loads it has to withstand. Smart rotors feature promising load alleviation potential and might provide the technological breakthrough required by the next generation of large wind turbine rotors. The book presents the aero-servo-elastic model of a smart rotor with Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps for active load alleviation and provides an insight on the rotor aerodynamic, structural and control modeling. A novel model for the unsteady aerodynamics of an air foil section with flap is presented and coupled with a multi-body structural representation. A smart rotor configuration is proposed, where the Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps extend along the outer 20 % of the blade span. Linear Quadratic and Model Predictive algorithms are formulated to control the flap deflection. The potential of the smart rotor is finally confirmed by simulations in a turbulent wind field. A significant reduction of the fatigue loads on the blades is reported: the flaps, which cover no more than 1.5 % of the blade surface, reduce the fatigue load by 15 %; a combination of flap and individual pitch control allows for fatigue reductions up to 30 %.
Download or read book The Smart Rotor Wind Turbine written by Charles Plumley and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The smart rotor is an upgrade to the wind turbine rotor that facilitates active modification of the blade aerodynamics, thus allowing enhanced control of the rotor loads. In this thesis a number of research areas relating to the smart rotor are explored and advanced. The synthesised wind field spatial and temporal requirements are assessed, suggesting the current guidelines, of less than 5m spatial and 10Hz temporal resolutions, are more than adequate. Also regarding the wind field, it is shown that the smart rotor provides the greatest percentage benefits when there is high wind shear, but low turbulence intensity. An analytical approach to selecting the chord-width of trailing edge flaps, based on thin aerofoil theory, is presented. Demonstrating a trade-off between flap size, flap actuator requirements and load reductions. The unsteady aerodynamics of trailing edge flaps and their modelling in Bladed is also considered, showing only a limited requirement to develop the aerodynamic code. A comparison of individual pitch and smart rotor controllers shows that both methods can achieve similar load reductions. The main benefit of using a smart rotor system is the lower pitch motion. The smart rotor is also shown to reduce pitch motion by supplementing collective pitch control. The trade between pitch actuator requirements, load reductions and the cost of smart rotor control, is therefore considered the defining factor in valuing the smart rotor, rather than purely load reductions. Finally, a fault scenario of a single jammed flap is detected and corrected for. With results suggesting that even unreliable systems can achieve a significant lifetime fatigue load reduction. These studies are conducted using a methodical process detailed in this thesis, such that future researchers may build upon this work. Access to the models and code developed are provided in the appendix.
Download or read book Smart Rotors for Next Generation Wind Turbines written by Zhenrong Jeremy Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most visible trend in wind turbine design over the past three decades has been the increasing size of the turbines themselves. This growth has been driven by a desire for increased power production and lower generation costs, and been enabled through the incorporation of improvements to materials, aerodynamic design, and control systems. The latter feature, in the form of active aerodynamic load control, is of particular interest due to its ability to increase the lifetime and reliability of turbine components through the reduction of fatigue loads. Recent developments within literature have proposed the use of trailing edge flaps (TEFs) installed near the blade tips to effect these load reductions, with the combination of these devices along with sensors and existing individual blade pitch control (IPC) strategies forming the ‘smart-rotor’ concept. In this work, a turbine scale-invariant controller synthesis process is developed for IPC and TEFs for the purpose of reducing blade root fatigue loads. The performance of the controllers obtained using this process is evaluated on a range of current and nextgeneration turbine models using simulations over the operating range of the turbines. The controller synthesis process is then integrated into a blade optimisation procedure, wherein aerodynamic and structural design variables are selected to minimise the levelised cost of energy (LCOE). The inclusion of the controller synthesis process enables the effects of IPC and TEFs to be included in the optimisation of the wind turbine blades. The effectiveness of the controller synthesis process is demonstrated on a range of turbines with ratings from 5–20 MW, where significant and consistent blade root fatigue load reductions are obtained when IPC and TEF actuation are used on top of existing collective pitch control (CPC). The blade optimisation procedure is then run with blades from 5–20 MW turbines with combinations of CPC, IPC and TEFs. The optimisation procedure results in turbines with a lower LCOE, and lighter and cheaper blades. The inclusion of IPC and TEFs enables further reductions in the LCOE, blade mass and cost relative to blades optimised with CPC only. From the blade optimisation procedure, blade deflection, rotor thrust and flatwise extreme loads were identified as important design drivers.
Download or read book SMART Wind Turbine Rotor Design and Field Test written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wind Energy Technologies department at Sandia National Laboratories has developed and field tested a wind turbine rotor with integrated trailing-edge flaps designed for active control of rotor aerodynamics. The SMART Rotor project was funded by the Wind and Water Power Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and was conducted to demonstrate active rotor control and evaluate simulation tools available for active control research. This report documents the design, fabrication, and testing of the SMART Rotor. This report begins with an overview of active control research at Sandia and the objectives of this project. The SMART blade, based on the DOE / SNL 9-meter CX-100 blade design, is then documented including all modifications necessary to integrate the trailing edge flaps, sensors incorporated into the system, and the fabrication processes that were utilized. Finally the test site and test campaign are described.
Download or read book Wind Turbine Systems written by David A. Rivkin and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides readers with in-depth information on the mechanical systems that make wind-turbine subsystems. Readers will learn about the rotor system, drive train, nacelle, electrical system, control system, and operating sequence control, along with issues related to wind-turbine location.
Download or read book Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology written by Committee on Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind-driven power systems represent a renewable energy technology. Arrays of interconnected wind turbines can convert power carried by the wind into electricity. This book defines a research and development agenda for the U.S. Department of Energy's wind energy program in hopes of improving the performance of this emerging technology.
Download or read book The Smart Rotor Concept on Wind Turbines written by Anton Werner Hulskamp and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SMART Wind Turbine Rotor Data Analysis and Conclusions written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wind Energy Technologies department at Sandia National Laboratories has developed and field tested a wind turbine rotor with integrated trailing-edge flaps designed for active control of the rotor aerodynamics. The SMART Rotor project was funded by the Wind and Water Power Technologies Office of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and was conducted to demonstrate active rotor control and evaluate simulation tools available for active control research. This report documents the data post-processing and analysis performed to date on the field test data. Results include the control capability of the trailing edge flaps, the combined structural and aerodynamic damping observed through application of step actuation with ensemble averaging, direct observation of time delays associated with aerodynamic response, and techniques for characterizing an operating turbine with active rotor control.
Download or read book Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines written by Martin O. L. Hansen and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind power is an increasingly significant renewable energy resource, producing no environmentally damaging CO2 emissions. The efficient production of electricity by wind turbines relies on aerodynamics: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines provides the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Following a historical introduction, Part 1 of Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is concerned with basic rotor aerodynamics, while Part 2 deals with structural aspects of the wind turbine and calculation of the loads on it. Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behavior of a turbine. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is an essential reference for both engineering students and others with a professional or academic interest in the physics and technologies behind horizontal axis wind turbines. It will provide a sound understanding of the mechanisms behind the generation of forces on a wind turbine.
Download or read book Assessment of Research Needs for Wind Turbine Rotor Materials Technology written by and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind-driven power systems represent a renewable energy technology. Arrays of interconnected wind turbines can convert power carried by the wind into electricity. This book defines a research and development agenda for the U.S. Department of Energy's wind energy program in hopes of improving the performance of this emerging technology.
Download or read book Wind Turbine Technology and Design written by David A. Rivkin and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part of The Art and Science of Wind Power seriesThe rapidly expanding wind energy industry is creating thousands of new opportunities for skilled workers. Wind Turbine Technology and Design, part of The Art and Science of Wind Power series, is an essential resource for students looking to build critical skills in the field. Wind Turbine Technology and Design provides a big-picture overview of the relationship between engineering design and wind-turbine economics. Readers will gain a systemic understanding of large wind-turbine technologies and design strategies for rotors, drive trains, electrical systems, and towers. The text moves from a broad survey of issues in the field to an in-depth analysis of processes and considerations in commercial wind system design and installation.About the SeriesAccording to estimates from the American Wind Energy Association, approximately 85,000 Americans are employed in the rapidly expanding wind energy industry. The Art and Science of Wind Power series was developed to address a critical gap in educational resources directed toward the development of skilled workers in this industry. Each title uses a systems-based perspective to provide students with the resources to develop creative solutions to challenges as well as systems-based critical thinking skills. No other series as comprehensively addresses key issues for novice and expert learners alike.
Download or read book Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines written by Martin O. L. Hansen and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its second edition it has been entirely updated and substantially extended to reflect advances in technology research into rotor aerodynamics and the structural response of the wind turbine structure. Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine performance at low and high wind speeds assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The new material includes a description of the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an 'aeroelastic code' which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Further the description of how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction as well as the time varying loads has been substantially updated."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book New Generator Control Algorithms for Smart bladed Wind Turbines to Improve Power Capture in Below Rated Conditions written by Bryce Bautista Aquino and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With wind turbines growing in size, operation and maintenance has become a more important area of research with the goal of making wind energy more profitable. Wind turbine blades are subjected to intense fluctuating loads that can cause significant damage over time. The need for advanced methods of alleviating blade loads to extend the lifespan of wind turbines has become more important as worldwide initiatives have called for a push in renewable energy. An area of research whose goal is to reduce the fatigue damage is smart rotor control. Smart bladed wind turbines have the ability to sense aerodynamic loads and compute an actuator response to manipulate the aerodynamics of the wind turbine. The wind turbine model for this research is equipped with two different smart rotor devices. Independent pitch actuators for each blade and trailing edge flaps (TEFs) on the outer 70 to 90% of the blade span are used to modify aerodynamic loads. Individual Pitch Control (IPC) and Individual Flap Control (IFC) are designed to control these devices and are implemented on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine. The consequences of smart rotor control lie in the wind turbine's power capture in below rated conditions. Manipulating aerodynamic loads on the blades cause the rotor to decelerate, which effectively decreases the rotor speed and power output by 1.5%. Standard Region 2 generator torque control laws do not take into consideration variations in rotor dynamics which occur from the smart rotor controllers. Additionally, this research explores new generator torque control algorithms that optimize power capture in below rated conditions. FAST, an aeroelastic code for the simulation of wind turbines, is utilized to test the capability and efficacy of the controllers. Simulation results for the smart rotor controllers prove that they are successful in decreasing the standard deviation of blade loads by 26.3% in above rated conditions and 12.1% in below rated conditions. As expected, the average power capture decreases by 1.5%. The advanced generator torque controllers for Region 2 power capture have a maximum average power increase of 1.07% while still maintaining load reduction capabilities when coupled with smart rotor controllers. The results of this research show promise for optimizing wind turbine operation and increasing profitability.
Download or read book Smart Rotor written by H. J. T. Kooijman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wind Turbine Aerodynamics and Vorticity Based Methods written by Emmanuel Branlard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces the fundamentals of fluid-mechanics, momentum theories, vortex theories and vortex methods necessary for the study of rotors aerodynamics and wind-turbines aerodynamics in particular. Rotor theories are presented in a great level of details at the beginning of the book. These theories include: the blade element theory, the Kutta-Joukowski theory, the momentum theory and the blade element momentum method. A part of the book is dedicated to the description and implementation of vortex methods. The remaining of the book focuses on the study of wind turbine aerodynamics using vortex-theory analyses or vortex-methods. Examples of vortex-theory applications are: optimal rotor design, tip-loss corrections, yaw-models and dynamic inflow models. Historical derivations and recent extensions of the models are presented. The cylindrical vortex model is another example of a simple analytical vortex model presented in this book. This model leads to the development of different BEM models and it is also used to provide the analytical velocity field upstream of a turbine or a wind farm under aligned or yawed conditions. Different applications of numerical vortex methods are presented. Numerical methods are used for instance to investigate the influence of a wind turbine on the incoming turbulence. Sheared inflows and aero-elastic simulations are investigated using vortex methods for the first time. Many analytical flows are derived in details: vortex rings, vortex cylinders, Hill's vortex, vortex blobs etc. They are used throughout the book to devise simple rotor models or to validate the implementation of numerical methods. Several Matlab programs are provided to ease some of the most complex implementations.
Download or read book Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines written by Martin Hansen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines is the established essential text for the fundamental solutions to efficient wind turbine design. Now in its third edition, it has been substantially updated with respect to structural dynamics and control. The new control chapter now includes details on how to design a classical pitch and torque regulator to control rotational speed and power, while the section on structural dynamics has been extended with a simplified mechanical system explaining the phenomena of forward and backward whirling modes. Readers will also benefit from a new chapter on Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). Topics covered include increasing mass flow through the turbine, performance at low and high wind speeds, assessment of the extreme conditions under which the turbine will perform and the theory for calculating the lifetime of the turbine. The classical Blade Element Momentum method is also covered, as are eigenmodes and the dynamic behaviour of a turbine. The book describes the effects of the dynamics and how this can be modelled in an aeroelastic code, which is widely used in the design and verification of modern wind turbines. Furthermore, it examines how to calculate the vibration of the whole construction, as well as the time varying loads and global case studies.
Download or read book Fundamental and Advanced Topics in Wind Power written by Rupp Carriveau and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the fastest growing source of energy in the world, wind has a very important role to play in the global energy mix. This text covers a spectrum of leading edge topics critical to the rapidly evolving wind power industry. The reader is introduced to the fundamentals of wind energy aerodynamics; then essential structural, mechanical, and electrical subjects are discussed. The book is composed of three sections that include the Aerodynamics and Environmental Loading of Wind Turbines, Structural and Electromechanical Elements of Wind Power Conversion, and Wind Turbine Control and System Integration. In addition to the fundamental rudiments illustrated, the reader will be exposed to specialized applied and advanced topics including magnetic suspension bearing systems, structural health monitoring, and the optimized integration of wind power into micro and smart grids.
