Download or read book The Size Origins and Character of Mongolia s Informal Sector During the Transition written by James Horton Anderson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1998 Mongolia's informal sector has expanded far more quickly during the transition than its formal sector, largely because of greater ease of entry into the informal sector. Current policy discourages entry into the formal sector. The explosion of informal entrepreneurial activity during Mongolia's transition to a market economy represents one of the most visible signs of change in this expansive but sparsely populated Asian country. To deepen our understanding of Mongolia's informal sector during the transition, Anderson merges anecdotal experience from qualitative interviews with hard data from a survey of 770 informals in Ulaanbaatar, from a national household survey, and from official employment statistics. Using varied sources, Anderson generates rudimentary estimates of the magnitude of, and trends in, informal activity in Mongolia, estimates that are surprisingly consistent with each other. He evaluates four types of reasons for the burst of informal activity in Mongolia since 1990: * The crisis of the early and mid-1990s, during which large pools of labor were released from formal employment. * Rural to urban migration. * The market's reallocation of resources toward areas neglected under the old system: services such as distribution and transportation. * The institutional environments faced by the formal and informal sectors: hindering growth of the formal sector, facilitating entry for the informal sector. Formal labor markets haven't absorbed the labor made available by the crisis and by migration and haven't fully responded to the demand for new services. The relative ease of entering the informal market explains that market's great expansion. The relative difficulty of entering formal markets is not random but is driven by policy. Improving policies in the formal sector could afford the same ease of entry there as is currently being experienced in the informal sector. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group and the South East Asia and Mongolia Country Unit, East Asia and Pacific-is part of a larger program of research on the impact of institutional changes in Mongolia, and on the rule of law in transition economies. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book The Size Origins and Character of Mongolia s Informal Sector During the Transition written by James H. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia's informal sector has expanded far more quickly during the transition than its formal sector, largely because of greater ease of entry into the informal sector. Current policy discourages entry into the formal sector. The explosion of informal entrepreneurial activity during Mongolia's transition to a market economy represents one of the most visible signs of change in this expansive but sparsely populated Asian country. To deepen our understanding of Mongolia's informal sector during the transition, Anderson merges anecdotal experience from qualitative interviews with hard data from a survey of 770 informals in Ulaanbaatar, from a national household survey, and from official employment statistics. Using varied sources, Anderson generates rudimentary estimates of the magnitude of, and trends in, informal activity in Mongolia, estimates that are surprisingly consistent with each other. He evaluates four types of reasons for the burst of informal activity in Mongolia since 1990: ° The crisis of the early and mid-1990s, during which large pools of labor were released from formal employment. ° Rural to urban migration. ° The market`s reallocation of resources toward areas neglected under the old system: services such as distribution and transportation. ° The institutional environments faced by the formal and informal sectors: hindering growth of the formal sector, facilitating entry for the informal sector. Formal labor markets haven't absorbed the labor made available by the crisis and by migration and haven't fully responded to the demand for new services. The relative ease of entering the informal market explains that market's great expansion. The relative difficulty of entering formal markets is not random but is driven by policy. Improving policies in the formal sector could afford the same ease of entry there as is currently being experienced in the informal sector. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group and the South East Asia and Mongolia Country Unit, East Asia and Pacific - is part of a larger program of research on the impact of institutional changes in Mongolia, and on the rule of law in transition economies.
Download or read book The Size and Character of the Informal Sector and Its Shadow Economy in Mongolia written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Educational Import written by G. Steiner-Khamsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-29 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses students, practitioners and scholars in educational policy studies. The authors use Mongolia as a case to illustrate how global influences shape domestic developments in education, and how imported education reforms are locally modified, re-contextualized, or 'Mongolized'.
Download or read book Policy Research Working Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Bank Research Program written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The World Bank Research Program 1998 written by World Bank Staff and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four basic objectives of the World Bank's research program are:broadening understanding of development; assisting in developing research capacity in member countries; improving the Bank's capacity in advising members; and supporting all aspects of its own operations. The report is the annual compendium of current Bank research. The abstracts in this volume report on research projects within FY98, describing questions addressed , analytical methods used, findings to date, and policy implications. In addition, each abstract identifies the expected completion date and the research team, as well as any report or publication produced. The abstracts cover 193 research projects grouped under nine major headings, as follows:1) poverty and social welfare; 2) labor markets and education; 3) environmentally sustainable development; 4) infrastructure and urban development; 5) macroeconomics; 6) international economics; 7) domestic finance and capital markets; 8) transition economies; and 9) private sector development and public sector management. An appendix is included, listing reports and publications produced by Bank research with corresponding availability sources. Abstracts are indexed by the sponsoring unit.
Download or read book The Cost of Reform written by John F. Jones and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the social impact of reform in the transitional economies of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Whatever the advantages of adopting a market orientation, and there are many, the countries which have taken this road have had a high price to pay. If one were to ask a Siberian miner or a Ukranian woman selling vegetables in a village market whether the switch from socialism to capitalism was worth the rewards, the question would likely evoke complaints about months of unpaid wages or persistent poverty. The disappearance of the iron rice bowl in China draws praise from the neoclassic economist, looking on from the outside, but for the displaced worker going from city to city in search of employment, the reaction will not be so enthusiastic. In the move from central planning to a market economy, there have been winners and losers. The winners are those in a position to use the changing economic circumstances to their advantage, and those having access to the goods and services of the market. But there are also, among the poor and vulnerable groups, consistent losers in the shuffling of opportunities, rewards, and costs. The problems of people caught in economic reform are acute, whether the emerging economies are shaped by sudden revolution from within as in Eastern Europe and Mongolia, or by international pressure from outside -- frequently at the urging of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) -- as in some African countries, or by the gradualism of socialist market systems like China, Vietnam or Laos. The social consequences of transition are significant, and they form the principal concern and focus of this volume. Its contributors, both authors andeditors, recognize globalization and the technological revolution already in place, and acknowledge the necessity for national economies to take advantage of the new freedoms and opportunities which the twenty first century heralds. But, while endorsing the efforts of countries to liberalize, to build their markets, and share the benefits of a world economy, the book's various authors are primarily concerned with the socioeconomic consequences of transition on the lives of people. The country case studies they present examine that impact.
Download or read book The Mongolian Economy written by F. I. Nixson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolian and British economists present the first detailed analysis of the shock-therapy approach to economic transition that the remote Asian government adopted in 1990. They look at macroeconomic performance, the agriculture and industry sectors, the labor market, and the emerging financial sector from such perspectives as poverty, gender, privatization, and the environment. They find that policy makers have exacerbated the transition process by underestimating its complexity and by pursuing inappropriate, or at best overly optimistic, policy reforms. The treatment is revised and extended from a volume published in Mongolia in 1999. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book International Labour Documentation written by International Labour Office. Central Library and Documentation Branch and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of the Hidden Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set brings together a selection of key articles which examine the shadow economy and its relationship with underground activities. The set contains important work on surveys and conceptual considerations, theoretical approaches and policy implications. It further focuses on the empirical results of studies into the shadow economy, and considers tax evasion, tax compliance, tax morale and government institutions. This authoritative publication will be of interest to anyone seeking a comprehensive investigation into the shadow economy.
Download or read book Socio economic Impacts of Informal Sector Economy written by Nirupam Gope and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Study with reference to migrant rickshaw men and construction workers in the Siliguri Municipal Corporation area, located in northern part of West Bengal, India in relation to the informal sector economy of the area.
Download or read book Explaining the Increase in Inequality During the Transition written by Branko Milanović and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transition written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the key policy issues and policy processes in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia (and emerging market economies, such as China and India, somewhat, as well), offers analyses and lessons across countries, and presents interdisciplinary work in fields such as economics, law, and politics.
Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies
Download or read book Regional Studies on Economic Growth Financial Economics and Management written by Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents selected papers from the 19th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conference held in Istanbul. Its primary emphasis is on showcasing the latest empirical research on social change, sustainable development and the management of public and private organizations in emerging economies. The respective articles also address more specialized and related topics such as financial risk tolerance, international strategic partnerships, female labor force participation, human capital dynamics, and economic integration, among others.
Download or read book New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa written by Karl Wohlmuth and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2009 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume XIV analyses the New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa. Institutional issues and perspectives in designing new growth and poverty alleviation strategies are considered in various case studies (Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Botswana and Tanzania). Other studies deal with institutional problems of resource-rich countries after conflict (Sudan), and with the institutions to enhance environmental protection parallel with economic growth and poverty reduction (Niger). Further studies deal with institutions to bridge the gap between formal and informal entrepreneurial sectors in Kenya and Tanzania. Local issues and perspectives for designing new growth and poverty alleviation strategies are considered in case studies on rural-urban development gaps in Tanzania, and on microfinance as an instrument for new growth and poverty alleviation strategies (Tanzania and Eritrea). A study on small farmers in Ghana provides information on the role they can play in value chains. Two studies on Nigeria highlight the local and the sub-regional health and poverty alleviation programmes and the relation to growth. Book Reviews and Book Notes on the theme are part of the volume. This Volume builds the foundation for a comprehensive strategy of policy reforms in Africa so as to integrate new growth and poverty alleviation strategies. Complementary to Volume XIV is Volume XIII on New Growth and Poverty Alleviation Strategies for Africa - International and Regional Perspectives. Both Volumes are of importance for all those who work in African countries as officials, executives, managers, researchers, and policy-makers, but also for all those who actively support Africa's development concerns at the international, regional, country, local and project levels. They will experience this Volume XIV and also the complementary Volume XIII as indispensable sources of insight, reference and inspiration.
