Download or read book The situation of e consumer protection under Rwandan law The case of consumer redress in cross border dealings written by Elie Nshimiyimana and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-03-02 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, , language: English, abstract: In the traditional marketplace, consumers are aware of their legal rights, and it is relatively easier to get access to different methods of enforcing their rights such as through in-house complaint procedures or appealing to courts. Since every transaction is made under a single jurisdiction, redress is often available and effective. In contrast, in online transactions, access to redress is not easily reachable for consumers. Since e-commerce is borderless, the recourse to courts in disputes resulting from international electronic transactions is also complicated mostly due to the problem of knowing which courts shall have jurisdiction over such disputes. Following the ultimate purpose of this research, the research questions to which we attempted to respond are the following: To what extent is the existing legal framework adequate to guarantee effective e-consumer redress in Rwanda? To what extent does Rwandan law address the issue of the conflict of laws and jurisdiction in case of cross-border e-commerce vis-à-vis consumer redress? What can be done to ensure or improve the effectiveness and efficiency of e-consumer redress for cross-border disputes? This research is mostly intended to identify loopholes in Rwandan Laws with regard to issues that emerge time and again in e-commerce transactions. It specifically focuses on the availability and effectiveness of consumer redress, mechanisms thereof and institutions to put them in force. It as well tends to show failures of Rwandan Private International Rules concerning the protection of consumers, which are normally taken into account by courts while dealing with consumer-related issues consisting of a foreign element, which refers to contact with some system of law and jurisdiction other than those of the forum state.
Download or read book Access to Justice in Transnational B2C E Commerce written by Sutatip Yuthayotin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies institutional mechanisms that can be used to promote consumer confidence in direct online sales with businesses (B2C e-commerce). It argues that enhancing the access to justice in a multidimensional sense can potentially offer an effective means of boosting consumer confidence. It introduces a conceptual framework for a multidimensional approach to access to justice in the context of consumer protection, describing the various reasonable criteria needed to satisfy consumer demands in B2C e-commerce. The framework, which reflects all essential aspects of consumers’ expectations when they engage in online transactions, provides a benchmark for the evaluation of various consumer protection mechanisms. Based on an analysis of different mechanisms and using the framework’s criteria, the practice of private ordering, which does not rely on the creation of rules of law but rather on the use of technology as a solution, appears to offer a meaningful way to enhance access to justice in B2C e-commerce. However, though private ordering holds considerable potential, certain weaknesses still need to be eliminated. This book demonstrates how private ordering can be successfully implemented with the help of an intermediary, a neutral third party that plays an integral part in the collaborative task of facilitating various aspects of private ordering, thus helping to limit the risks of failure and ensuring a fairer market setting. In order to move forward, it argues that the state, with its wealth of material resources and incentive options, is the institution best suited to acting as an intermediary in facilitating private ordering. This promising proposal can improve consumer protection, which will in turn boost consumer confidence.
Download or read book E Consumer Complaints Trends and Consumer Protection in a Cyber Era at Global Level written by Selvarani Mariappan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in information and communications technology, infrastructure improvements and technology adoption in the last decade have significantly changed the lives of the people and provided new opportunities for consumers and businesses. It brings consumers online and familiarity and comfort with digital platforms increase and the continued growth of connected commerce is inevitable. Cross-border e-commerce continues to grow, as more of the world's population becomes digital buyers, and retailers become better able to facilitate these transactions. Lack of proper policy standard and specific laws regulating electronic transactions of consumer and numerous cases reported through print media as well as electronic media necessitated the measures for the protection of electronic consumers. This paper analyze the issues related to the online purchase, global E-commerce, cross border sales issue, e-commerce environment and legislation in India. This article summarizes the findings of various corporate, global consumer forum and organisation.
Download or read book Consumer Protection in Ecommerce written by Heba Habib and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper examines electronic contract regulation in the context of business-to-consumer transactions. The technological advancement and cross-border nature of e-commerce have posed significant challenges to the Egyptian legal framework highlighting the limitations of general commercial contract rules with regards to electronic contracts. This thesis argues that access to the courts is hindered by restrictive terms in the electronic contracts over which the Egyptian law has no jurisdictional power. Accordingly, private institutions set the rules in the e-contracts and enforce them through private methods leaving no room for state intervention to ensure the protection of consumers. Hence, the application of national consumer law is impaired by the private practices that shape the transaction to their best business ends. Consumer protection is essential to promote access to the online market since it serves as a safety valve in face of the electronic risks. So, to increase the level of protection for consumers conducting e-transactions, the Egyptian legislator should adopt reforms to control the private mechanism to ensure consumer rights' application instead of informal negotiations to satisfy consumer's problems.
Download or read book Review of the Redress and Enforcement Provisions of Consumer Protection Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Coal and Steel to Consumer Protection Beyond Cross border Situations 2 Vols written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 1215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series aims to provide the readers an overview of the consumers? protection in EU law through the most relevant situations where the weaker parties normally are involved. Through the analysis of the sources of law, together with reports of landmark case law from the European Court of Justice as well, consumers will find a straightforward guide to learn about their rights in certain day-to-day situations, while the legal professionals, in general, can easily find a list of consumer laws and case law.00Consumer law is indeed one of the biggest and most actual areas of law that keeps growing up quickly because of the fast implementation of the services that are provided on the global market. The demand of new services has indeed become bigger day by day. This requires new providers as well and so new law to protect the consumers from abuses in an area where they are the weaker party. That is also why European Union has established a consumer policy programme for always better consumer protection.00The impact of EU Law on national systems of law is huge. Many national laws are indeed the application of EU secondary law, i.e. directives and regulations. At the same time, it is also important to always keep an eye on the European Court of Justice case law (ECJ). This series consists of multiple volumes. The first one is general and concerns the European law system and its legal basis, related to a general historical overview of consumer protection and the actual consumer policy.
Download or read book Inventory of Consumer Protection Laws Policies and Practices Applied to Electronic Commerce written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumer laws, policies and practices exist to help build consumers' trust and confidence by protecting them from unfair or deceptive acts or practices and helping to establish a more balanced relationship between sellers and consumers in commercial transactions. Domestic retail markets offer consumers assurances that their interactions and purchases are covered by national legal and private sector consumer protections. The increase in cross-border transactions and the limited or non-existent face-to-face contact between businesses and consumers brought on by the growth of electronic commerce reinforce the need for a predictable and trustworthy global marketplace.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Formerly known as the International Citation Manual"--p. xv.
Download or read book The Globalization of Crime written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by UN. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The globalization of crime: a transnational organized crime threat assessment, UNODC analyses a range of key transnational crime threats, including human trafficking, migrant smuggling, the illicit heroin and cocaine trades, cybercrime, maritime piracy and trafficking in environmental resources, firearms and counterfeit goods. The report also examines a number of cases where transnational organized crime and instability amplify each other to create vicious circles in which countries or even subregions may become locked. Thus, the report offers a striking view of the global dimensions of organized crime today.
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation Intersections between Public Health Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Download or read book UNDOC Current Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Rwandan Law written by William Schabas and published by Cowansville, Quebec : Éditions Y. Blais. This book was released on 1997 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book APEC Privacy Framework written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Resources and Violent Conflict written by Ian Bannon and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research carried out by the World Bank on the root causes of conflict and civil war finds that a developing country's economic dependence on natural resources or other primary commodities is strongly associated with the risk level for violent conflict. This book brings together a collection of reports and case studies that explore what the international community in particular can do to reduce this risk.; The text explains the links between natural resources and conflict and examines the impact of resource dependence on economic performance, governance, secessionist movements and revel financing. It then explores avenues for international action - from financial and resource reporting procedures and policy recommendations to commodity tracking systems and enforcement instruments, including sanctions, certification requirements, aid conditionality, legislative and judicial instruments.
Download or read book Global Business Regulation written by John Braithwaite and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-02-13 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How has the regulation of business shifted from national to global institutions? What are the mechanisms of globalization? Who are the key actors? What of democratic sovereignty? In which cases has globalization been successfully resisted? These questions are confronted across an amazing sweep of the critical areas of business regulation--from contract, intellectual property and corporations law, to trade, telecommunications, labor standards, drugs, food, transport and environment. This book examines the role played by global institutions such as the World Trade Organization, World Health Organization, the OECD, IMF, Moodys and the World Bank, as well as various NGOs and significant individuals. Incorporating both history and analysis, Global Business Regulation will become the standard reference for readers in business, law, politics, and international relations.
Download or read book The Land Governance Assessment Framework written by Klaus Deininger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased global demand for land posits the need for well-designed country-level land policies to protect long-held rights, facilitate land access and address any constraints that land policy may pose for broader growth. While the implementation of land reforms can be a lengthy process, the need to swiftly identify key land policy challenges and devise responses that allow the monitoring of progress, in a way that minimizes conflicts and supports broader development goals, is clear. The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) makes a substantive contribution to the land sector by providing a quick and innovative tool to monitor land governance at the country level. The LGAF offers a comprehensive diagnostic tool that covers five main areas for policy intervention: Legal and institutional framework; Land use planning, management and taxation; Management of public land; Public provision of land information; and Dispute resolution and conflict management. The LGAF assesses these areas through a set of detailed indicators that are rated on a scale of pre-coded statements (from lack of good governance to good practice). While land governance can be highly technical in nature and tends to be addressed in a partial and sporadic manner, the LGAF posits a tool for a comprehensive assessment, taking into account the broad range of issues that land governance encompasses, while enabling those unfamiliar with land to grasp its full complexity. The LGAF will make it possible for policymakers to make sense of the technical levels of the land sector, benchmark governance, identify areas that require further attention and monitor progress. It is intended to assist countries in prioritizing reforms in the land sector by providing a holistic diagnostic review that can inform policy dialogue in a clear and targeted manner. In addition to presenting the LGAF tool, this book includes detailed case studies on its implementation in five selected countries: Peru, the Kyrgyz Republic, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Tanzania.
